At the beginning of 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the commander of the Forbidden Army of the Later Zhou Dynasty, launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny", which ended more than 80 years of melee and established the Great Song Dynasty. Song Taizu learned the lesson of his own mutiny, "using literary officials to seize the power of military officials", established a civil service system, and restricted military power with literati who were good at composing poems and writing lyrics.
This move made a gentle and elegant Song Dynasty. However, in the face of the successive attacks of Liao, Xixia, Jin and Mongolia, the literati were unable to parry and could only rely on tribute to continue the dynasty.
Song Taizu and his younger brother were both born in the army, and they can still lead soldiers to fight to maintain the great Song Dynasty. The third emperor, Song Zhenzong, was full of books, indecisive, and liked literature, calligraphy and painting.
In 1004, a war broke out between Song and Liao, and the Liao army went straight to the Central Plains and approached Kaifeng, the capital. Song Zhenzong and the "resistance faction" Kou Zhun hurriedly made peace with the Liao State and signed the famous "Chanyuan Alliance" in history.
The emperor and prime minister announced to his subjects that this was a great victory. However, the content of the agreement is like this: Song compensates 200,000 Liao silk and 100,000 taels of silver each year as military expenses. The 200,000 pieces of silk is very impressive, stretched out, and the length is 2,400 kilometers. Silver as a "year-old coin" is more precious, because at that time it was very difficult to find silver mines and smelt silver.
But why not use civilian money to buy Zhao’s regime? The emperor does not have to pay a penny!
From then on, the Chinese people's belief that "heavenly kingdom" is the center of the civilized world and that the Chinese emperor is the sole ruler of the world has become a kind of obscenity.
In 1042, the price of peace became more expensive. The Song Dynasty gave the Liao Dynasty the annual coins to 30 pieces of silk and 200,000 taels of silver per year.
It’s worth noting that the Song Dynasty raised a huge army. There were 378,000 during the Taizu period of Song Taizu, which rose to 660,000 during the Taizong period, and reached a staggering 910,000 during the Song Zhenzong period. The military expenditure of the Song Shenzong has reached the country in the late period. 80% of the budget, it seems that the people's money is used to raise the army in addition to tribute.
hasn't fed the Liao State, the party members are here again. Fan Zhongyan resisted at the border for three years and wrote a lot of sad frontier poems, but the ending was still seeking peace. The agreement stipulated that Song "gives" Xixia silver, silk, tea and other properties worth 255,000 taels of silver each year.
Da Song is too fat and greasy, and the Jurchen’s Jin Country is also coming to the autumn breeze. After Song Huizong, a famous painter, collector and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, took office, he promised to give 300,000 pieces of silk, 200,000 taels of silver, plus 1 million yuan, and ceded a few pieces of land each year.
The Song Dynasty originally wanted to use money to buy peace. Didn't you know that the "Suibi" helped the economic development of Liao and Jin countries and raised the armies of the two countries. The Jurchens tore up the peace treaty between the two countries in 1125 and launched a full-scale offensive against the Song Dynasty. The Golden Army crossed the Yellow River and went straight to the capital.
The Song Dynasty once again sought peace. This time the war indemnity is equivalent to the sum of decades-old coins, including 300,000 taels of gold, 12 million taels of silver, 10,000 cows and horses, and 1 million silk. The huge amount of money completely met the needs of Jin Guo for war funding for many years. Only a year later, Jin started the war again, demanding more gold and silver plus 7,000 horses and 1,500 court ladies. If they did not do so, their army would looting the capital, government offices and palaces.
Because of the inability to pay the indemnity, the Jin Jun had to do it himself and filled the priceless treasures in the palace with more than 1,000 vehicles. The Jin Jun also occupied 92 warehouses, which contained 3 million gold nuggets and 8 million. Pieces of silver ingots, 1.5 million pieces of silk and 54 million pieces of silk.
On May 13, 1127, a strong wind blew through the city of Kaifeng, which was strong enough to move rocks and broken trees. Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong, accompanied by more than 3,000 people, filed through the Nanxun Gate in the south of the city and left Kaifeng. They were escorted all the way to the north by the Jinren. The concubines were escorted out of the capital from the north gate. Thousands of painters, artisans, craftsmen, musicians and actors, and about 15,000 were also escorted to the northeastern mainland of Jinren.
Huizong is still writing poems on the way. One of the songs is sincere and expresses his own voice: Jiuye Hongji onceHugh, madly not listening to direct officials. I am willing to be a captive, and my country is sad and desolate in autumn.
After arriving at the Five Kingdoms City near the northern border of Heilongjiang, the queen of Qinzong threw herself into water. A year later, more than 10,000 women from upper-class families arrived in Shangjing, most of them were defiled or sold into slavery in the military camp. These women spent the rest of their lives in the northern country far from home, and never returned to the Central Plains.
The Southern Song Dynasty continued to spend money on Ping An, and continued to pay tribute to the Kingdom of Jin. It is a pity that the Jurchens who were greedy for money were wiped out by Genghis Khan. The Mongols looked down on that little money, money, women, land, and glory. They wanted to catch them all.
On March 19, 1279, after the Battle of Yashan, the Song Dynasty disappeared in the smoke cloud of history like a long and sad poem.
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