In ancient times, Extinguishing the nine tribes is the most severe torture. It comes from the Qin Shi law "The Law of the Three Tribes of Yi", and its purpose is to punish the law of even sitting , which developed to the beginning of the eradication. There are more and more people in the clans. From six clans to eight clans, and then to nine and ten clans, its purpose gradually becomes the bloodline extinction action , which is really the darkest and most poisonous. Punitive action.
Zhu Jiu is a condition of the Zhu clan, used for the most serious criminals. Basically, the unlucky ghosts of the Jiu Clan are all crimes of treason or collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country (generally directly threatening the survival of the country). No other crime will have such a serious result.
Why do you punish the clan?
There are two main reasons:
First, let these guys have concerns before they start. There are many desperadoes in this world who don't care about their own life and death, such as those who dare to rebel. However, if their crimes will afflict many family members, these people will have some worries. Take treason as an example. If you just murder a few people who conspired, you will die. What's so great is considered a venture capital. But if the rebellion fails and you kill your family directly, most people will hesitate.
Second, weeding and rooting. The crime of rebellion in ancient times is usually not committed by one or two people, and is often the remnant of the entire family. If only a few people are killed, it is tantamount to leaving a hidden danger, and the remaining family members are likely to continue to rebel and avenge the tribe. For example, in the Three Kingdoms period, the ten permanent servants killed the general He Jin, but could not get rid of his deployment, Yuan Shao and others. As a result, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and others led troops into the palace and killed all eunuchs, large and small, and even some male servants without beards were killed as eunuchs.
The Chu clan was first in the Shang Dynasty. At that time, it only killed the whole family of the rebels, including his wife, children, parents, brothers and sisters. In the Qin Dynasty, due to the cruelty of the Qin King, he became a tribe of Zhu. The three families of Zhu are three families that killed their father, mother, and wife, and many people will die. In the late Qin Dynasty, the prime ministers Li Si and Zhao Gao, who were punished by the three tribes, were both of the three tribes. In the Sui Dynasty, it was abolished by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, but was revived by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty and expanded to the Jiu Clan.
Which nine tribes are Zhu Jiu?
After the Qin State began to implement the punishment of the "Yi three tribes", it not only used it in the past dynasties, but also expanded the scope of punish them, gradually developing from the "Yi three tribes" to "Yi five tribes, seven tribes," Eight tribes, nine tribes", and even "Yi ten tribes" ("Ming Shilu": "Xiao Ru was in the Jianwen dynasty and served as a bachelor of Zhiwenyuan Pavilion. When Jing was difficult to enter, he would not follow the imperial edict. Yi ten people ").
When the "Yi Jiu" originated is still unknown. The only time in ancient Chinese history that Zhizhi clearly recorded "Zhu Jiu" occurred in the end of the Sui Dynasty, "Sui Shu. Criminal Law Zhi" contains: "and Yang Xuan Gan, the sin of Emperor Zhu and the Jiu", 613 When Emperor Yang of Sui went to Goguryeo for the second time, Yang Xuangan took the opportunity to rebel and stationed troops in Liyang. Later, he was defeated by General Yuwenshu. Then Emperor Yang of Sui punished his nine clans. Therefore, judging from the few records in the history books, the Yijiu ethnic group is not the law officially recorded in the law book. It is not a law, but a punishment method based on the emperor's will. Simply put, it is a "hidden rule". ".
As for the "Yi Jiu", which nine tribes were killed, it is even unknown because of the lack of historical data. At present, there are four kinds of sayings about the "Yi Jiu",
第一类, Father Clan Nine. 东汉经学郑玄曾言: "Nine races, from the top to the great ancestor, down to the great-grandson, where the nine tribes", refers to the great ancestors, great grandparents, grandfathers, fathers, sons, grandsons, still-grandsons, great-grandsons, and great-grandsons These nine generations.
Great grandfather, father and body. Body and son, children and grandchildren. From descendants to Xuanzeng. It is the nine races, the relationship between people. ——《三字经》
This is the saying in the Three Character Classic, counting four generations from oneself, father, grandpa, grandpa's father, grandpa's grandpa, andCount down four generations, son, grandson, grandson's son, grandson's grandson. These eight generations plus oneself, the whole nine races. This argument is the most widespread, because the relatives from the great ancestor down to the great-great-grandson are the widest. Assuming that each family had five births in ancient times, from the great ancestor to myself, I would have 3124 brothers and sisters (excluding myself), plus 624 uncles. (Excluding the father), and 124 grandpas (excluding the pro-grandfather), and then I won’t count them. Looking down, I might have 15,615 nephews and nieces (excluding my own children), so there are 19,495 people in total, as well as wives and concubines. It doesn't count. Assuming that each person has only one wife and two concubines, 77980 people, nearly 80,000 people, will be killed at one time. This means that an entire ancient small county was slaughtered.
二种、Father family four, mother family three, wife family two. "Father's four" refers to the son of aunt (aunt's children), sister's son (nephew), daughter's son (grandson), and his own family (parents, brothers, sisters, children). "Mother Family Three" means the mother's father (maternal grandfather), mother's mother (maternal grandmother), and Cong mother and son (maternal uncle). "Second Wife Family" means father-in-law and mother-in-law.
第三类、 Father clan four, mother clan three, grandma clan two . "Father's four" refers to the four generations of the father's clan (grandpa grandfather, grandpa grandpa, grandpa, dad), aunt's family, sister's family and daughter's family. "Mother tribe" refers to the upper and lower 4 generations of the mother clan (grandma grandma, grandma, grandma, mother), grandfather's family, and mother's family. "Grandma Clan II" refers to the 4 generations of the grandmother clan (grandmother-in-law, grandmother-in-law, grandmother-in-law, mother-in-law), father-in-law's family.
四种、 Father five families, mother four families. "Father Five Clan" means great-great-grandson, great-grandson, grandson, son, and body. The "four families of mothers" are mother, queen (grandmother), great queen, and high queen.
No matter what the above is, the people involved are very wide. If the nine ethnic groups are really killed, the number will be as small as a thousand, and as many as 10,000, it can be said that the involvement is very wide. So, because there are too many people involved in the killing of the nine races, this kind of killing is really hurting the heavens and peace, so the kings of the past will rarely use this punishment. After all, they are also afraid that they will go to 18 hells after death. Therefore, there are very few records on the implementation of the Jiu Clan in history, which can be explained.
Let’s take a look at the number of people recorded in the Fang Xiaoru incident of the most famous Zhu clan in history:
In the history of the Zhu clan, the most famous is Fang Xiaoru in the Ming Dynasty. , He was killed by a whole ten tribes (the tenth tribe is his protégé, it can be said to be extremely wronged), which is the highest in history, and no one has surpassed it so far (and no one wants to surpass it. .....).
After Ming Chengzu Zhu Di seized the throne, he ordered Fang Xiaoru to draft an edict for his succession. However, this Fang Xiaoru refused to accept the throne and even scolded Zhu Di for "usuring the throne." Zhu Di asked Fang Xiaoru if he was not afraid of being punishable by the Nine Clan? Fang Xiaoru straightened his chest and said, "Why don't you punish my ten clans? Because Fang Xiaoru didn't draft the edict according to Zhu Di's intention, Zhu Di, who was furious, punished the ten clans. In addition to those individuals just now, Zhu Di added him I have to say that Zhu Di is really cruel to the bones...
According to Ming History records, in the case of Fang Xiaoru from the tenth clan who was killed, a total of 873 people were killed. Execution, more than two thousand people were exiled to serve as the army. By the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there were still more than 1,300 descendants who had been exiled because of Fang Xiaoru’s conviction. The total number of people involved reached more than four thousand.
Although "Zhu Jiuzu" often appears in TV dramas, there are not many people who clearly record "Zhu Jiuzu" in history books, such as Li Shanchang, Hu Weiyong, Huang Zicheng and Fang Xiaoru, who was "punished by the ten tribes", etc. The "Yi tribe" and "chu tribe" appear most frequently in history books.
It must be said that cruel punishments such as the extermination of the nine tribes are used to deter the world. For the subjects, it is a bit similar to the current nuclear bomb, deterrence is greater than reality, it is used to scare people, not really used. As Xunzi said: "If you don't teach and punish, the punishment is complicated and evil is invincible; if you teach but you don't punish, the treacherous people won't be punished" , so that those who are unscrupulous will know the cruelty of the criminal law, so they don't dare to do it against the world The matter of rule can also be regarded as a preventive measure against crime.
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