On April 23, 1933, a special funeral was held on the streets of Beiping .
There is no lever to start, nor is there any money flying in the underworld. After the clay pot fell to the ground, the group of people wearing mourning clothes marched silently under the gaze of the masses.
"Li Dazhao is immortal!"
"Revenge for the martyrs!"
I don't know who spoke first, but the whole street was instantly ignited by the slogans one after another, and the revolutionary sentiment infected everyone present.
Li Zhenhua, who held Li Dazhao's coffin as the "first son", sang " Internationale " throughout the whole process. With the company of young students in major middle schools and people in the education sector, the crimes of the reactionaries were made public one by one.
For these revolutionaries, they have been waiting for too long this day.
This special funeral has been late for a full six years because of the reactionary suppression.
Soon, the news on the streets of Beiping reached the reactionary government.
Seeing that there were more and more onlookers, the reactionary government quickly sent police forces to stop the funeral team from continuing to move forward, and suppress the patriots who distributed revolutionary flyers.
"Comrade Li Dazhao sacrificed too heroically. I hope that one day his deeds will let more people know!"
Looking at the funeral team that was broken up by the army, a photographer picked up the camera in the chaos and took a picture of this picture of both human and gods indignation.
Why was Li Dazhao, a pioneer of the communist movement, unfortunately arrested?
Abandoned gallows led to the major case 22 years ago
"This cultural relic number is 0001. Everyone must pay great attention to it and keep it properly." After
, the comrade from the Cultural Relics Department of the Peking Municipal Government, who was responsible for escorting the cultural relics, reminded him.
"Just as everyone sees, this gallows were discovered when we counted the Kuomintang prisons not long ago..."
It turned out that after peacefully liberated Peking , some security cadres had entered Peking to take over the Kuomintang Beiping Public Security Bureau.
As the process of counting the items of the Public Security Bureau, a security cadre noticed the gallows placed in the corner.
Years of revolutionary experience made this security cadre realize something was wrong.
Looking at the wooden base in front of me, the gallows were painted with black paint all over their body. The security cadres tried to shake and found that the former was still standing there steadily - If they had not been used, the gallows would not have been assembled so firmly.
Seeing that the matter could no longer be concealed, the Kuomintang policeman who was retained had no choice but to speak helplessly, saying that was the tool to strangle Comrade Li Dazhao. The shocking news of
shocked the security cadres present.
Immediately, they reported to the superior organization, waiting for the next action plan.
During this period, the security cadres also tried to ask about the specific situation of Comrade Li Dazhao's death, but the Kuomintang police, who were afraid of being held accountable, had already shut up their mouths tightly and denied that they had participated in the killing.
As expected, in June 11951, a top-secret red-headed document was placed on the desk of the director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau.
"Action now and thoroughly investigate the serious case of Comrade Li Dazhao's sacrifice as soon as possible!"
Beijing Old Gulou Street is the first target location for investigators.
"Are you Wu Yuwen? As the mastermind of killing Li Dazhao, the pioneer of our party, I want to arrest you now!"
In this way, the culprit who served as the director of the Investigation and Investigation Department of the Beijing Police Department and personally sent Li Dazhao to prison fell into the people's trial website.
A few days later, the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau welcomed a special "guest" - former Director of the Justice Department of the Beijing Police Department Pu Zhizhong.
Pu Zhizhong said that due to his temporary mistakes in thinking, he had participated in the murder of Li Dazhao and had always felt guilty.
I heard that now he can fight for a reduction in sentence by consciously surrendering, so he let go of everything and came to the Beijing Police Bureau.
Immediately afterwards, Pu Zhi re-telled what happened that year. His confession allowed the investigators on the side to keenly capture a person's information.
It turns out that After Comrade Li Dazhao was imprisoned, he was ordered to trial his Judge Wang Zhennan , and also persecuted him.
It was him who ignored public opinion and legal procedures at the last moment and took the opportunity to push Comrade Li Dazhao to the guillotine.
"Catch Wang Zhennan now!"
At the order, the third group of investigators went to Shanghai to capture the criminals.
During the arrest of Wang Zhennan, two other teams of investigators reported that the main culprits of the Li Dazhao case, Chen Xingya and Lei Hengcheng were arrested and brought to justice.
Coincidentally, Chen and Lei were both arrested on the whereabouts of the people's letter of complaint.
As early as 1950, when the national counter-revolutionary suppression movement had just begun, the Shanghai police received anonymous reports from the masses that Chen Xingya, who was once the director of the Beijing police, also participated in the murder of Li Dazhao.
After a trial, Chen Xingya confessed to his crime and calmly accepted police detention.
However, because of inconvenience of transportation, the news that Chen Xingya was arrested was only transmitted to the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in 1951.
In the report letter, the public also revealed that in addition to tortureting Comrade Li Dazhao in prison, Lei Hengcheng also hid the former's gun after Comrade Li Dazhao's death.
During the interrogation, Lei Hengcheng not only admitted that he had used torture on Comrade Li Dazhao in prison, but also confessed in detail the fact that Wang Zhennan knew that he had violated the law. After
quickly integrated the existing information, the third group of investigators decisively dispatched and took Wang Zhennan to the police station for interrogation.
is different from the previous culprits. Faced with the interrogation of the police, Wang Zhennan pleaded not guilty, but instead bit it and falsely accused the police of arresting the good people.
"It's still denied. In a 1927 award document, you have long written your criminal facts clearly!"
When Wang Zhennan's thief was not changing, the investigators angrily showed the ironclad evidence of the search.
It was not until this time that Wang Zhennan realized that there was no power to turn the world back and explained the truth in detail...
The real murderer hidden behind the bloody crime
"In fact, we were also ordered to act in the tragedy in 1927, and the commander behind it was someone else."
In the face of the police's cross-examination, Wang Zhennan calmly stated that Although they were the main culprits in killing Comrade Li Dazhao, , the manipulator behind it was actually the Fengtian warlord - Zhang Zuolin .
As a major warlord who started from the Green Forest, he sang all the way to become the king of Northeast Zhang Zuolin, whose ambitions are growing, extending the tentacles of interests to the international world.
In order to maximize the search for benefits, Zhang Zuolin trained his Fengtian warlords into a powerful army that will do everything and dominate the north.
Such a powerful and prosperous situation quickly attracted the attention of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
In this joint process, as a revolutionary leader with good friendship with the Soviet Union, Li Dazhao contributed a lot of strength to the cooperation between the two sides, which can be said to be the direct reason for the Soviet Union to join the Northern Expedition Army.
Under his lobbying, the Soviet side provided combat guidance and military weapons to the National Army, greatly improving the combat capabilities of the Northern Expedition army.
It is precisely because of this that in 1926, the Northern Expedition team that launched an army from Guangdong successively conquered the two major warlord factions, Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang , and their influence was increasing.
According to the plan, the Fengtian faction led by Zhang Zuolin Warlords are the next target of the National Revolutionary Army to attack.
Due to sufficient preparation and geographical advantages, the Northern Expedition team, which had a grand journey, encountered the largest counterattack since the war started. After four months of fierce battle, it still could not be defeated for a long time, and its disadvantages gradually emerged.
In times of crisis, Li Dazhao stepped forward again and sent three messages to ask General Feng Yuxiang, who was far away in the Soviet Union, to return to China to join the Northern Expedition War, and personally formulate a combat strategy for him.
Such a powerful enemy's intervention hurt Zhang Zuolin's vitality. Since then, Fengtian warlord Zhang Zuolin's dissatisfaction with Li Dazhao has become increasingly strong.
What happened next made Zhang Zuolin hate the latter to the core.
Faced with innocent sacrifice and blood, Li Dazhao stepped forward again, leading the team to shout the slogan "The Fengtian Warlord who overthrew imperialism" while actively formulating anti-Fengfeng plan and launching a long tug-of-war with Zhang Zuolin.
Under his generous speech, the anti-Japanese war was strong in various parts of the country, which directly triggered anti-imperialist and anti-Feng mass demonstrations in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places.
"Now the air that oppresses the patriotic movement is a hundred times thicker than the air that was last year's anti-Straits. "
Such fierce protests made Zhang Zuolin, who was gradually distracted, angry.
Finally, after hearing that his subordinates forced Guo Songling was also persuaded by Li Dazhao before joining the camp of rebellion against Fengtian, Zhang Zuolin could no longer suppress his murderous intention.
He ordered several subordinates to execute Li Dazhao quickly without regard for the laws.
Wang Zhennan's narrative once again brought the investigators back to that chaotic era, and the next sentence made them extremely angry.
"Li Dazhao's execution process lasted for 40 minutes."
The truth that he was late for 24 years
"Don't kill the national soldiers with a temporary intention, but leave them with a thousand years of bad reputation!"
This war involves more than 60 revolutionary patriots, including Li Dazhao.
A month ago, under Zhang Zuolin's crazy suppression, dozens of revolutionary patriots were unfortunately killed, and Li Bohai, who was responsible for contacting the rear of the Communist Party of China, was also arrested one after another.
Li Bohai's arrest made Zhang Zuolin overjoyed.
You should know that as Li Dazhao's favorite student, Li Bohai cannot not know where Li Dazhao is now. As long as he tortures Li Dazhao's whereabouts from his mouth, Zhang Zuolin's suppression will be successful most of the time.
Unexpectedly, before Zhang Zuolin could torture, Li Bohai, who was greedy for life and death, spoke first, hoping to exchange his whereabouts for his own life.
"Li Dazhao is now in the Soviet embassy in Dongjiaomin Lane !"
His unexpected rebellion made the entire revolutionary situation turn over instantly.
Faced with this sudden surprise, Zhang Zuolin, who had always been cautious, did not act directly, but instead pretended to be Li Dazhao's friend and sent a letter to the Soviet Embassy.
After receiving the other party's affirmative reply, Zhang Zuolin was sure that Li Dazhao was indeed hiding in Dongjiaomin Lane.
Immediately, he opened up the power of the empire and prepared to arrest people in the Soviet embassy on a date.
But what Zhang Zuolin didn't know was that at a banquet on the eve of the operation, his combat plan was leaked by his subordinates and spread to the Communists.
"Dongjiaomin Lane, Chinese armed forces are not allowed to enter, it is contained in the treaty..."
"I can't leave, I'm leaving, who will do the business in Beijing?"
Soon, Li Dazhao learned the news. But after analysis, he believed that Zhang Zuolin's possibility of forcing a forcing a force was not high, and retreating rashly would alarm the enemy.
Furthermore, someone always needs to do the revolutionary work.
Just like that, in order to protect more revolutionary comrades, Li Dazhao still chose to hold his troops and only secretly withdrew some comrades.
In desperation, Li Dazhao responded quickly, and quickly burned confidential documents while arranging survivors to hide.
In order to protect his wife and daughter, Li Dazhao himself sat openly on the chair, waiting for the enemy to arrest him.
His reaction was exactly what Zhang Zuolin thought.
Immediately, Zhang Zuolin ordered his subordinates to take Li Dazhao away for interrogation.
After the news of Li Dazhao's arrest came out, all sectors of society responded strongly.
In the initial negotiations, due to fear that China would take the path of strength of the Soviet Union, the great powers agreed to Zhang Zuolin to enter Dongjiaomin Lane to arrest people;
However, as public opinion continued to intensify, the great powers expressed dissatisfaction to Zhang Zuolin on the grounds that "the privileges in China are difficult to protect" and forced him to release people.
, coupled with the solemn protests of the Soviet Union made Zhang Zuolin feel powerless for a moment.
What's more, Li Dazhao, who is already in prison, has always maintained a firm attitude of "no advice" on the secret issues of our party.
At the beginning, Zhang Zuolin predicted that Li Dazhao would not let go, so he specially prepared some severe punishment methods to try to torture the former "justified".
But to his surprise, Li Dazhao cooperated very much during the entire interrogation process, which made him unable to find an excuse to use lynching indiscriminately.
In desperation, Zhang Zuolin had to "soft attack" and let Li Dazhao's fellow villager, his chief of staff, Yang Yuting , persuade him to surrender, trying to use high officials and generous salaries to give out useful information.
"A real man was born in the world. He must not seek leftovers from the warlords for the sake of wealth and wealth, and be a shameless accomplice and slave!"
Facing his former fellow villager, Li Dazhao did not leave any affection. Not only did he sternly reject the other party's request to surrender, he also cursed Yang Yuting, which made Zhang Zuolin feel dim.
Not only that, in addition to frequent setbacks in Li Dazhao, the numerous public opinions from all walks of life also made Zhang Zuolin unable to raise his head.
Beiyang Liang Shiyi, former senior official and president of the internal political discussion meeting of Fengtian warlords, also signaled that Zhang Zuolin would hand Li Dazhao over to the court for handling, "in order to show China and foreign countries and to demonstrate fairness."
Under heavy pressure, Zhang Zuolin eventually lost his mind.
, and his interests were damaged, he attributed all his embarrassing situation to Li Dazhao, and he was determined to kill again.
htmlOn April 23, the "Special Military Court" created by Zhang Zuolin was established. In just 5 days, a verdict was issued, and more than 50 people, including Li Dazhao, were hasty sentenced to death . After the verdict was announced, all sectors of society were furious and carried out demonstrations of all sizes.
But on the other hand, Li Dazhao's reaction was surprisingly calm.
After hearing the verdict that he was about to be executed, his backbone was still straight. Not only did he politely decline the rescue plan proposed by the revolutionary patriots, but he also seized all the time and tried to spread revolutionary concepts to his inmates more.
For him, the guillotine is more like a revolutionary podium.
"We firmly believe that communism is in the world and in China, and we must achieve glorious victory!"
Looking at the brand new gallows in the detention center, Li Dazhao understood that his last moment had arrived.
After a generous speech, he stood up first and was the first to step onto the gallows.
His calmness made the enemy beside him feel so angry that he was so angry that a prison guard rushed forward and knocked Li Dazhao to the ground with one punch.
But for Li Dazhao at this time, he was fully prepared to die generously. Facing the angry enemy, he just smiled sarcastically, and his resolute expression remained unchanged.
Li Dazhao's indifference angered the enemy beside him. They immediately shouted to Li Dazhao, threatening to let him taste the pain.
Immediately afterwards, the executioner pressed the switch on the gallows, and Li Dazhao, who was standing in the center of the gallows, was instantly hung up in the air.
But just as he was about to die, the executioner next to him suddenly dragged Li Dazhao down, allowing him, who was tortured, to breathe fresh air.
Looking at Li Dazhao who was breathless, everyone was puzzled, thinking that the enemy had temporarily changed his decision and would not be punished.
However, before everyone could react, the executioner pressed the switch again and hung up the breathless Li Dazhao again...
After repeated several times, Li Dazhao had been tortured to exhaustion and had no strength to speak.
"Others are killed instantly by hanged , you are intentional!"
The revolutionary patriot who saw all this cursed at the executioner.
They said that if Zhang Zuolin had not been selfish revenge, Li Dazhao would never have been tortured.
However, no matter how everyone protested, the executioners still repeated the hanging operation expressionlessly. The revolutionary patriots could only watch Li Dazhao suffer all the torture and his fresh life gradually withered.
Finally, after a long 40 minutes passed, Li Dazhao, who was repeatedly hung up many times, ended his life in endless pain.
Even so, Zhang Zuolin's anger did not completely dissipate.
After Li Dazhao's death, Zhang Zuolin not only led the team to expel the former's funeral team, but also directly put pressure on him, forcing Li Dazhao's body to be parked in the temple and could not sleep peacefully for six years.
It was not until April 1933 that Li Dazhao's body was removed from the temple and moved to the cemetery of Wan'an Cemetery in Xiangshan.
Conclusion
There have always been many different opinions on Comrade Li Dazhao's real time to be punished.
In the memoir of his eldest daughter Li Xinghua, Li Dazhao was deliberately tortured because of Zhang Zuolin's secret instruction, and was hanged for forty minutes before he was executed;
. Among the witnesses of the execution incident in , Li Dazhao's real punishment time became twenty minutes, and the torture back and forth was also because the executioner did not understand how to use the "foreign thing" of the gallows.
However, no matter what method of confession is, no matter whether the time for confession is long or short, we must see that Comrade Li Dazhao's firm attitude and his life-sacrificing protection for the cause of our party.
It is this selfless sacrifice that has been able to build the unyielding backbone of our Chinese nation.
Pay tribute to countless "Li Dazhao" martyrs!
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