As we all know, Chairman Mao is the most outstanding military strategist in the world for thousands of years. What are the secrets of a scholar who can plan and win a thousand miles?

As we all know, Chairman Mao is the most outstanding military strategist in the world for thousands of years. He defeated Jiang's "aircraft and cannon" with "small millet plus rifles", and from more than a dozen or seven or eight guns to developing an army of millions; a scholar who can plan and win a thousand miles is able to win a thousand miles. What kind of mystery is there? ,

below, we conduct in-depth analysis from the following three key points.

(1) Everything starts from objective reality, not from subjective wishes.

When was Chairman Mao’s first battle against military force? I believe that many netizens can easily think of the Autumn Harvest Uprising ; however, according to historical records, ten years ago, around November 20, 1917, he was still a student, but he used military service for the first time at Hunan No. 1 Normal School.

According to the recollection of the chairman's classmate and close friend Zhou Shizhao, "After lunch one day, a shocking news suddenly came that the 8th Division of Wang Ruxian was defeated in Changsha City and had already arrived near the Monkey Stone, which was only more than two miles away from the school. However, because he did not know the reality of Changsha City, he did not dare to continue to advance, so he stayed there to rest and went to the nearby farmhouse to grab food."

Now, it was amazing. The entire school was in panic. Just when a large number of teachers and students were at a loss, Mao XX found out in detail the real situation of the defeated army, and learned that the defeated soldiers were trapped in horses and had serious food shortages. He did not know that the Gui army did not enter Changsha City, so he decided to capture the defeated soldiers wisely.

As Chairman Mao, the company commander of the school's student soldiers, immediately organized more than 200 bold and careful classmates on the school to hold wooden guns that they used to practice on weekdays and bring firecrackers. He was ignited on the mountain on the commanding heights of the school without knowing it or ghosts. At the same time, he also contacted the nearby police branch and sent some police officers holding real guns to ambush the front of the student soldiers.

Just as the defeated soldiers were riding at dusk, moving north along the Guangdong-Han Railway under the Miaogao Peak, getting closer and closer to the school, Chairman Mao saw that the time had come, so he asked the police to fire guns on the hill first. The students holding wooden guns set off firecrackers together, shouting: "Gui Army enters the city, it's okay to surrender the gun."

was originally a frightened defeated army. When he heard the sudden shout, he was so scared that he didn't dare to resist. After sending people to negotiate, he actually surrendered the guns. Afterwards, the whole school talked about this matter in anger, saying that "Chairman Mao is like Zhao Zilong of Changshan in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", 'all hell!'"

At that time, there was a classmate named Zou Yunzhen, who once asked: "If the defeated army fights back, what is a good thing?"

Chairman Mao patiently explained that if the enemy really wants to attack the city, he must take advantage of the situation, otherwise, he would hide outside the north gate of Changsha City and avoid it for a while. Therefore, when he heard the shout, he was so scared that he had to surrender.

In fact, the Chairman won a great victory when he first used his troops, achieving the effect of "a defeated the enemy without fighting" in Sun Tzu's Art of War "Attack Chapter". In fact, it is a way of thinking that starts from objective reality and not from subjective wishes, and achieves success. In the Autumn Harvest Uprising ten years later, when some comrades proposed to hold a large-scale uprising in Hunan Province, he decided it was unrealistic.

When he divided his troops into three groups to attack the Qiuhu Uprising troops in Changsha City, he withdrew from the battle and was defeated all the way; he firmly opposed the third regiment he belonged to attack Changsha City alone. After the commanding troops rushed out of the enemy's siege, retreated to Shangping to discuss with Commander-in-Chief Lu Deming, he wrote a letter to the other two troops; he changed the wrong plan to attack Changsha in time and turned to the countryside.

As the Ming Dynasty military book " Hundred Battles Strategies " said: "Whenever fights against the enemy, if the enemy is large and we are few, the terrain is unfavorable, and the strength cannot be fought. We should retreat quickly to avoid it, and the entire army can be fully equipped."

At that time, the size of the troops in the autumn harvest Uprising was impossible to attack the entire line. It is bound to "the city will attack, but there will be no attack," Chairman Mao took the perspective of a politician and strategist; he did not fight for the gains and losses of a city and a place, nor did he fight for the victory or defeat of a battle; he laid a solid foundation for the later establishment of the Jinggangshan base area and "surrounding the city with the countryside," and used "surrounding the city with the countryside," to win the final victory.

(2) The extremely rare military work in Chinese and foreign history " on the protracted war ".

In the 1930s and 1940s, Chairman Mao's military use not only far surpassed the famous generals and commanders at home and abroad during the same period, but also made great achievements in military theory and military works.

Time was transferred to May 1938. Just after only ten months of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chairman Mao published an epoch-making masterpiece "On Protracted War".

Why did Chairman Publish this paper at this time node?

It turns out that in the past ten months, people were talking about the trend of the Anti-Japanese War, which can be described as a mess.

In the Jiang family's camp, some people said: "If you fight the Japanese army, you will lose if you don't have weapons." The air of compromise was once rampant. Others have developed a baseless and blind optimistic tendency toward the prospects of the War of Resistance, which not only estimates the Japanese army very low. He also believed that "as long as there is three months of fighting, the world situation will inevitably change, foreign countries will inevitably send troops, and the war will be resolved."

In the Eighth Route Army at that time, some cadres also placed their hopes on regular wars in order to achieve a quick battle.

It is in this context that in order to refute all kinds of wrong views, Chairman Mao summarized the previous experiences and lessons of Anti-Japanese War , and wrote a 50,000-word "On Protracted War" in less than ten days.

In "On Protracted War", Chairman Mao pointed out: "Since the Sino-Japanese War is a protracted war, it can be reasonably imagined that such protracted war will be specifically reflected in three stages. From the enemy's strategic offensive, strategic stalemate, to the period of our strategic counterattack."

"On Protracted War" was released, it immediately had an extremely profound impact at home and abroad.

US President Franklin Roosevelt

The English version of "On the Protracted War" has been widely praised internationally after its release overseas. According to historical records, the English text of "On Protracted War" is placed on the desks of British Prime Minister and US President Roosevelt without exception. In the Soviet Union, he also placed his desk in Stalin , and he specially asked someone to translate it into the Russian version of "On Protracted War".

, known as " Little Zhuge " among the Chiang army, has a good praise for "On Protracted War". He not only agrees with the views and analysis in the book, but also summarizes the spirit of "On Protracted War" into two sentences: "Accumulating small victories is a big victory, and exchanges space for time ."

The commander of the US military in the Chinese theater General Stilwell , only read "On Protracted War" once, he determined that this was a "wonderful textbook", which also made him deeply aware that the Eighth Route Army that insisted on fighting behind enemy lines and the New Fourth Army's enthusiasm for the War of Resistance. Therefore, he specifically suggested that President Roosevelt "accelerate aid to China" and provide a limited number of weapons and equipment to the Eighth Route Army, which will definitely accelerate the arrival of victory.

After the war, Kondo Kando-yashi Kondo delivered an intriguing speech: "I admire "On Protracted War". It is natural for Japan to be defeated by China,"

(3) "Take one Yan'an and exchange for one of the whole of China."

Friends who are familiar with the history of our army must be very familiar with " Yan'an Defense War ". Little did they know that in the early stage of the Liberation War, the victory of this critical battle that concerns the overall situation was mainly attributed to Chairman Mao's strategic thinking that surpassed ordinary people and took advantage of the situation.

In March 1947, Jiang's family concentrated their direct troops and 20 brigades of Hu Zongnan, Xi'an Pacification Office, Qinghai Ma Bufang , Ningxia Ma Hongkui 12 brigades, and Yulin Deng Baoshan 2 brigades, with a total of 34 brigades of 230,000 troops. Under the cover of 100 aircraft, they attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and the northwest of our army base.

Among them, Hu Zongnan personally led 15 brigades to launch a key attack on Yan'an.

In the situation where the enemy is strong and we are weak, Chairman Mao decisively adopted the tactic of luring the enemy into deep and giving up Yan'an. Just as the newly formed Fourth Brigade and First Guard Brigade of the Northwest Field Army that defended Yan'an, a total of 12,000 commanders and fighters were fighting ten times the enemy, Chairman Mao convened a meeting of several brigade commanders and other regiment-level cadres.At the meeting, Chairman Mao asked inadvertently, which attracted everyone's attention, "We are going to withdraw from Yan'an. What are the soldiers' opinions?"

A brigade commander immediately replied: "The officers and soldiers all support the decisions of their superiors, but as long as the order is issued, the soldiers promise not to let the enemy enter Yan'an."

Yan'an defense battle diagram

Mao The chairman smiled and said, "When we give up Yan'an, the soldiers will have some ideas, and the enemy will brag even more, and like to make trouble for nothing. The whole world knows that there is a Yan'an, and Yan'an cannot be spared, but Jiang's army has concentrated 230,000 heavy troops, and our troops have only more than 20,000. It is difficult to annihilate so many enemies in one fell swoop."

Chairman Mao continued, "Some of our comrades use the slogan of 'not giving up every inch of land' on tactics, regardless of their own strength." Big and big, fighting hard with the enemy in life is wrong. It is right to fight for an inch of land, but it depends on how to fight. 'There are people and lose land, and both people and land are still there; the existing land is lost, and both people and land are lost.' This is an obvious truth. '

In the question of how to guide cadres to defeat the enemy, Chairman Mao once again emphasized: "To defeat the enemy, we must have the correct combat policy. Our combat policy is still to concentrate superior forces and annihilate the enemy in one by one! Fight the weak enemy first, then fight the strong The enemy; first attack the scattered ones, then attack the concentrated ones."

Commander Peng Dehuai

In this way, according to Chairman Mao's instructions, Commander Peng Dehuai commanded the Northwest Field Army with less than 10 bullets per gun, blocking the enemy as much as possible, but not defending to death; he defended for a whole week before withdrawing from the battle, and gaining enough time for our army's command to safely evacuate from Yan'an. If there was enough ammunition at that time, maybe I would have held on for a longer time.

On March 19, 1948, in view of the purpose of our army's blockade, General Peng commanded the troops to evacuate Yan'an. In this battle, our army annihilated one unit of the 1st Division, the 17th Division, the 27th Division, the 36th Division, the 76th Division, and the 90th Division, and annihilated more than 5,200 enemies.

After our army withdrew from Yan'an, Hu Zongnan was ecstatic to release a telegram and open his mouth: "After seven days and seven nights of bloody battles, he captured Yan'an, captured more than 10,000 enemies, seized countless weapons and ammunition, and is under investigation." In order to make the fake play real and gain more benefits, Hu Zongnan sent some American light and heavy machine guns from the army into the so-called "war record showroom", and built many fake graves on both sides of the Yanhe .

but he knew that Hu Zongnan’s forged battle results was not clever, not only were there many loopholes, but even the fake prisoners even made jokes. A 'Prison of War' was interviewed by journalists in several captive teams. Faced with the large number of new weapons seized, the reporters asked politely: "Where did these enemy weapons come from?"

Afterwards, the incident caused Chen Cheng and Bai Chongxi, and used this to accuse Hu Zongnan of missing the opportunity and lying to report his military achievements.

Hu Zongnan

Within 40 days after our army evacuated Yan'an, General Peng sent a small group of troops to lure the enemy to advance towards Ansai , the main force was ambushed in the Qinghuabian area. He successively won the battle of Qinghuabian Battle, Yangmahe Battle, and Panlong Battle, and wiped out 15,000 enemies, giving the enemy a head-on blow.

After more than a year of hard work, on April 22, 1948, Hu Zongnan's hundreds of thousands of troops in the northwest region were dragged down by the fat and thin, and had to lead the remnants to withdraw from Yan'an. A year later, after the three major battles of Liaoshen, , Huaihai, and Pingjin, our army finally rang the bell of victory again. Chairman Mao used his strategic policy to successfully fulfill the promise of "taking one Yan'an for one all of China."

The "Yan'an Defense Battle" has also become one of the most classic examples of the Chairman's use of military force in his life.

To sum up, although Chairman Mao has never attended Whampoa Military Academy , Baoding Military Academy , and the Army Martial Arts School in Yunnan due to historical reasons, he is still the world's leading military strategist.

The key reason is that Chairman Mao’s military use is based on objective reality, with both a realistic style, a far-sighted strategic thinking, and a dialectical view of the relationship between man and land. He is also well-known in the article "Five Thousand Texts of Lao Tzu": "If we want to shrink it, we must strengthen it; if we want to weaken it, we must strengthen it; if we want to take it, we must firmly associate it with it.

In this regard, Chairman Mao also interpreted it from a unique perspective: "If we lose our land, defeat the enemy, restore the land, and expand the land, it is a profitable business. Just like the time lost in sleep and rest, but gaining the energy to work tomorrow. If there is a stupid person who refuses to sleep without knowing this principle, he will lose his energy tomorrow. "

And during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chairman Mao's "On Protracted War" was not only a creative military work with advanced understanding, but also became a member of "The Art of War", "Clausewitz" and "About War", "British military theorist Liddle Hart" and "Strategic Theory", "U.S. Navy military theorist Mahan "The Impact of Sea Power on History", and John Collins Grand Strategy, Swiss military strategist Antoine Henry Yomini's "Introduction to the Art of War", Italian military theorist Du Hei's " Air-Superiority " and "Selected Works of Napoleon", are one of the top ten masterpieces with extremely high academic value in the history of the world.

The historical process not only proves Chairman Mao's wise foresight, but also sublimates his superb military thought and the principle of using troops in every battle, which has attracted attention from the world today.