Red Army adaptation venue
After that, in order to carry out Anti-Japanese National United Front work, we contacted the Kuomintang authorities to obtain military pay, purchase and transport military supplies, and receive personnel from the Eighth Route Army and young people from joining the army, the Eighth Route Army set up offices in major cities across the country.
These cities include: Xi'an, Nanjing, Shanghai, Taiyuan, Changsha, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Dihua (Urumqi), Guiyang, Shaoguan, Luoyang , etc.
At that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated with , and the enthusiasm of the whole people to resist the war was high. The Eighth Route Army Office of the above-mentioned cities was all established in the summer and autumn of 1937.
Among the locations where the Eighth Route Army has offices, there is one city that is the most special, that is Hong Kong.
Although Mao Zedong had never been to Hong Kong, he had a very impression of Hong Kong under the British rule.
As early as when he was hosting the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Training Institute and also served as the Kuomintang propaganda minister, he heard Zhou Enlai, Nie Rongzhen and others talk about Hong Kong, and paid special attention to looking for newspapers in Hong Kong in Guangzhou to understand international trends from it.
He noticed that Sun Yat-sen also used Hong Kong as the activity base for the Xinhai Revolution. During the years of conflicts between Chiang Kai-shek and the Guangxi warlords, whether it was Li Jishen or Li Zongren and other officials, whenever they encountered setbacks or lows, they would avoid Hong Kong and wait for an opportunity to make a comeback.
During the Jiangxi Central Soviet period, the radio station located in Hong Kong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conveyed extremely important intelligence and international dynamics.
After the Long March, he went to northern Shaanxi. He was interviewed by American journalist Snow on security guard. He learned that Snow often passed through Hong Kong, so he asked him to "make" some Hong Kong newspapers to read it at the convenience of the situation. This is his most popular "gift."
After the outbreak of the National Anti-Japanese War, Zhou Enlai talked about the establishment of the Eighth Route Army Office in relevant major cities during the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. He only involved domestic cities, not overseas cities.
After Zhou Enlai and Zhu De left Nanjing, they rushed to Luochuan, Shaanxi on August 22 to attend the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and reported on the Nanjing negotiations, Shanghai War of Resistance, and the National Government's national defense and diplomacy.
At that time, the National Government had agreed to distribute the military expenses and the opening fee for the War of Resistance against Japan in August, and supplements were also being processed and collected.
Mao Zedong had a deep understanding of Chiang Kai-shek's character. During the Luochuan meeting, Mao Zedong once said: "It is of course good for Chiang Kai-shek to give 880,000 yuan of military expenses in August, but we do not think that Chiang Kai-shek will pay military expenses every month, or even more and more in the future."
He did not have high hopes for Chiang Kai-shek to continue to give military expenses and supplies to the Communist Party of China.
A few days later, news came that during the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Nanjing, the Kuomintang authorities promised Zhou Enlai and others that they would give Zhou Enlai and others a military expenditure of 880,000. When the Eighth Route Army Office in Nanjing sent Qian Zhiguang to collect it, it turned into 500,000.
On the contrary, overseas Chinese compatriots set off an unprecedented wave of support and fully helped the Eighth Route Army. Mao Zedong was deeply impressed by this!
For this reason, in September of that year, Mao Zedong thought about the plan of the War of Resistance in the cave in Yan'an, and discussed with Zhang Wentian to establish an Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong.
He believes that this is a unique office and does not need to negotiate with the Kuomintang authorities to say hello. Of course, he has to say hello to the British.
At that time, Hong Kong was a hub international city in the Pacific region and was important for the domestic status of the War of Resistance.
Mao Zedong attached great importance to the establishment of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong. Who should I send to Hong Kong to shoulder this heavy burden?
The representatives or directors of the Eighth Route Army Office that have been dispatched by Yan'an are all senior heavyweights within the party and the army.
After Ye Jianying was transferred, Lin Boqu and Dong Biwu were successively led by Lin Boqu and Dong Biwu.
Peng Xuefeng is the director of the Eighth Route Army’s Office in Shanxi, Li Kenong is the director of the Eighth Route Army’s Office in Nanjing, Xie Juezai is the director of the Eighth Route Army’s Office in Lanzhou, and Chen Yun, Deng Fa and Chen Tanqiu are the director of the Eighth Route Army’s Office in Xinjiang.
The director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Wuhan was first Li Tao and later Qian Zhiguang; the office of the Eighth Route Army in Hunan was established by Xu Teli in Changsha; the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Shanghai was held by Pan Hannian, etc.
Xu Teli
Who is the right candidate for the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong?
In September 1937, leaders of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in a cave in Yan'an to discuss the establishment of the Hong Kong office. Everyone expressed their opinions on whom to serve as the director of the office and raised many candidates.
Hong Kong is an international city under the British rule, a British-style free world, with Cantonese and English speaking on the market, and the Hong Kong government office speaks English.
For China, Hong Kong is a hub for communication, contact and exchanges between the mainland and overseas Chinese.
It should be said that if the propaganda of the Eighth Route Army in China is still restricted by the Kuomintang authorities, the publicity of the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese national united front policy and the performance of the Eighth Route Army's heroic resistance to Japan in Hong Kong will not be bound by the Kuomintang.
At the meeting, the members of the Politburo proposed several candidates.
Hong Kong
Qin Bangxian, namely Bogu , he was an early leader of the Communist Party of China, graduated from Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, proficient in Russian and English, and translated " Communist Manifesto ". He just represented the Communist Party of China in the negotiations on the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident in ;
Later, Bogu participated in the negotiations on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party with Zhou Enlai. At that time, he also served as the Organization Minister of the CPC Central Committee.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Li Kenong had sent Qin Bangxian's younger brother Yang Lin to Hong Kong to set up "Lianhua Company" (the now famous China Resources ) in the name of opening a business to build a contact point in the front site.
Bo Gu serves as the director. His advantages are that he is old, has high status, and has rich negotiation experience in the early stage. He is relatively easy to deal with the Hong Kong and British authorities. Moreover, his younger brother also works in Hong Kong, and his brothers cooperate well.
Wu Xiuquan, a native of Wuchang, Hubei, was guided by Chen Tanqiu and Dong Biwu and was sent to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and entered the Central Soviet Area. After returning to China, he became the translator of Li De, an advisor to Communist International, and participated in the Central Red Army Long March.
wu Xiuquan
In February 1937, Wu Xiuquan was transferred from the Chief of Staff of the 73rd Division of the Red 15th Army to the Secretary-General of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government.
Wu Xiuquan's advantage is that he is proficient in Russian and English, and has long been a translator, and has rich experience in how to deal with foreigners.
Zhang Wenbin is a fellow villager of Mao Zedong in Hunan. He participated in the famous Pingjiang Uprising . After the Long March, he was transferred to work around Mao Zedong. Although he was just 26 years old this year, he has experienced the tempering and tempering of many years of revolutionary war.
Mao Zedong loved talent very much and believed that Wenbin was young and capable of great responsibility. He could not bear to leave him by his side and only worked as a secretary, so he proposed that Zhang Wenbin be responsible for carrying out united front work for the Northwest Army.
Zhang Wenbin lived up to his high expectations and quickly opened up the situation. He made great contributions to promoting a peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident. He was later transferred to the position of director of the Red Army Office in Lanzhou.
Pan Hannian, from Yixing, Jiangsu Province, was responsible for dealing with the 19th Route Army and Guangdong Wang Chen Jitang . He also served as a representative of the Central Army stationed in the 19th Route Army. During the Long March, he was ordered to go to white area to negotiate with the top leaders of the Kuomintang and have rich work experience in the white area.
In the late 20s, Pan Hannian also worked in Hong Kong and was familiar with all aspects of Hong Kong. He was the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Shanghai at that time.
and other candidates were put on the table, but Mao Zedong did not choose any of them. Unexpectedly, he named another person: "I think it's best for him to work in Hong Kong."
Not only Mao Zedong, but in security and Yan'an, everyone has a good impression of a person called "Xiao He".
At that time, in the northwest mountains, especially in remote and barren security guards, the news was so closed! Many people know that we should know the news outside: "Looking for Xiao He in the temple."
It turns out that the Red China News Agency, chaired by Bo Gu, director of the Northwest Office of the Central Soviet Government, is located in a dilapidated temple beside the security guard. In addition, Bo Gu, there are only three people in the club, one of which is "Xiao He", whose name is He Liuhua.
This little He is engaged in a unique job in the Red Army because of his proficiency in the foreign languages of five countries. The Red China News Agency is specifically responsible for writing foreign news and telecommunications for the central leaders. He has to write thousands of words every day, and he has to be responsible for carving wax boards himself. .
These foreign telecommunications releases dedicated to central leaders, which are the predecessors of today's " reference message ".
After the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, the Red China News Service News Agency News Channel continued to receive and report news and telecommunications from foreign countries to central leaders.
Often people do not know the background of "Xiao He". His real identity is only a few senior Chinese Communist Party such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The leader knows. "He Liuhua" is just the pseudonym of this young man with a fat figure. His real name is Liao Chengzhi.
When he first arrived at the security guard in the Long March, although Liao Chengzhi was only 28 years old, he had been a member of the Communist Party of China for 10 years and had been abroad for many years. He studied in Japan and went to Germany, , Netherlands, and other countries to participate in the international workers' movement.
He was in prison for foreigners in Japan and Germany, and after returning to China, he was in prison for the Kuomintang in Shanghai. After being released from prison, he participated in the Long March of the Red Fourth Front Army.
During the Long March, he was persecuted by Zhang Guotao. Because Zhou Enlai was carefully rescued, he was not beheaded by Zhang Guotao.
Many people came to Liao Chengzhi to read the news, and even Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai often came to look for it.
Liao Chengzhi recalled in his later years: "Every day from 11 to 12 o'clock, Chairman Mao must come to see the first-hand news of the day. When Chairman Mao came, he looked, asked, and sat down for an hour or two. "
Liao Chengzhi was active and optimistic by nature, and was also a backbone of the Red Army drama club at that time. He was very humorous when performing on stage and was very good at painting. He often helped people around him to draw portraits, and everyone liked him very much.
Later, Wang Zhen once said: "Chairman Mao had a good impression of Xiao Liao and called Xiao Liao a treasure of our party, which started from that time. "
Mao Zedong valued Liao Chengzhi, and there was another deep reason, because he was the son of Liao Zhongkai, a veteran of the left-wing Kuomintang. His mother, Mr. He Xiangning, was also a senior of the Tongmenghui and a veteran of the Kuomintang, and had a deep influence in the Kuomintang.
Liao Zhongkai
and she strongly supported Sun Yat-sen's cooperation policy on the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. After her husband Liao Zhongkai was killed by the right-wing Kuomintang, she still did not change the cooperation proposal of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
During the Long March, Mao Zedong also He Xiangning made a statement in Shanghai to fight against Japan and save the country, and respected her very much.
Although Liao Chengzhi, who was young, had not yet taken on the heavy burden of the revolution, he had been in the Communist Party of China for ten years and had been under a long-term test in the workers' movement, the struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries and Zhang Guotao.
Plus his parents' background as the founder of the Kuomintang and their influence among overseas Chinese, it should be said that the Eighth Route Army's Hong Kong office has a unique position and a heavy burden. Mao Zedong took a keen eye on Liao Cheng Zhi is the best candidate to carry this burden. One night in early October 1937, after dinner, Liao Chengzhi walked through the city street from Qingliang Mountain in the northeast of Yan'an City where Xinhua News Agency was located, and walked to Fenghuang Mountain in the southwest of the city.
Mao Zedong's former residence at the foot of the Phoenix Mountain
Fenghuang Mountain Lijiayaoyuan was the first place from Mao Zedong to Yan'an. Since the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered Yan'an, he and Mao Zedong often walked on this road.
This is the rule formed by security guards. At nearly midnight, Mao Zedong often walked from his residence to Qingliangshan to find him, read the international comprehensive news telegram he had just finished, and then talked to him about the current situation.
At that time, shortly after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered Yan'an, the Red China News Agency was renamed Xinhua News Agency .
This is Chairman Mao asked him to leave Yan'an and go to Hong Kong. This time he went to see Mao Zedong, and he walked and looked at the ancient city in the dusk.
Entered the stone cave where Mao Zedong lived. After the greetings, Mao Zedong asked, "Xiao He, have you been to Hong Kong?"
Liao Chengzhi said, "My mother was born in Hong Kong. Although I was born in Japan, I often followed my mother in Hong Kong in my early years. I remember one year, the new warlord Chen Jiongming imprisoned my father. My mother was afraid that he would eradicate the root cause, so she sent me and my sister to Hong Kong for refuge."
Liao Zhongkai's family
Mao Zedong said, "I'm afraid your mother and your sister will go to Hong Kong again. The Battle of Shanghai started on August 13 and fought for more than a month. Shanghai may be lost." "I'm going to Shanghai to send Pan Hannian to Pan Hannian." Telegram, the underground party should try to assist Soong Ching Ling , He Xiangning and others to leave Shanghai and go to Hong Kong safely. "
" You are in Hong Kong, you should go to Soong Ching Ling as much as possible to cooperate with her work. In this way, you will become the direct contact between Mrs. Sun and Yan'an. "
After Mao Zedong talked about the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, various places set up Eighth Route Army Offices and said to Liao Chengzhi earnestly:
"Hong Kong occupies a very important and special position in the War of Resistance. Now, the central government has handed over the burden of the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong to you!"
Before going to Hong Kong, Liao Chengzhi stayed in Hankou for a few days, waiting for Zhou Enlai to "question" an explanation from the UK.
Since the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance, the National Government has repeatedly asked the Western, Britain and the United States to come out to "uphold justice", but the British government always treats perfunctory reasons such as "deeply feeling that mediation is very difficult": "I am afraid of trouble before I am not strong enough."
After the fall of Shanghai and Nanjing, the National Government moved from Nanjing to Wuhan in late December of that year, the British Embassy in China also moved to Wuhan to work, and worked at the British Consulate General in Hankou in Jiangbei.
After Shanghai and Nanjing were occupied by the Japanese army, the coastal areas of East China involved the interests of the West, Britain, the United States and other countries, and were damaged. Zhou Enlai visited General Carl, the British Ambassador to China, in Hankou.
Carl said: "I am a soldier. When the Kuomintang army suffered consecutive defeats in Shanghai and Nanjing, the Eighth Route Army of the Communist Party of China won battles at Pingxingguan, Shanxi. Although the scale of the war is not large, victory is valuable for your country!"
Zhou Enlai took this topic and said to Carl: "The Eighth Route Army fought bravely against Japan behind enemy lines, which has been praised at home and abroad. Overseas Chinese have donated funds, medicine and other materials. These money and materials have been transferred from overseas to the mainland, so the British side needs help!"
Carl asked: "What can I do?"
Zhou En said: "General, there is no agency to receive the anti-Japanese war materials we received from overseas in Hong Kong. I want to send someone to Hong Kong to set up an office."
Carl asked again: "Can the office handle the transfer of materials?"
Zhou Enlai further said: "Yes! This office is not publicly listed, but is just a secret activity. This does not hinder your country's neutral status. Please take care of the British authorities in Hong Kong and provide convenience."
Japanese army's massive invasion of China also harmed the interests of Britain in China. Therefore, the CCP's request was agreed by General Carl.
So, after New Year's Day in 1938, Liao Chengzhi, who was waiting in Hankou, took a train to Guangzhou and took a steamer to Hong Kong according to Zhou Enlai's arrangement. Before leaving Hankou, he sent a telegram to his mother and sister who were already in Hong Kong to wake up from their dreams.
Liao Chengzhi One morning after New Year's Day in Wuhan, 1938, Liao Chengzhi, in a suit, met with two other men in suits, in a teahouse in Kowloon.
At that time, the three of them talked in Shanghai dialect. Liao Chengzhi joked: "Three Shanghai Xiaokai came to Hong Kong for white."
The other two, one was Pan Hannian and the other was Xia Yan ; Mao Zedong called Pan Hannian "Shanghai Xiaokai", Zhou Enlai called Xia Yan "Shanghai Xiaokai", and Liao Chengzhi "half Shanghai Xiaokai."
During the conversation, Liao Chengzhi also told Pan Hannian and He Xiayan that he would soon establish a home in Hong Kong, and with a good wife, it would also facilitate his long-term work in Hong Kong.
Pan Hannian said happily: "I have met the young lady of the Jing family, it's a good thing!"
It turned out that before Liao Chengzhi left Hankou, he sent a telegram to his mother and Sister Meng Xing who were already in Hong Kong. When he took the train to Guangzhou to transfer to the Guangdong-Hong Kong liner to the Hong Kong Pier, the scene in front of him really made him overjoyed!
Liao Mengxing
The one who came to the dock to pick up the boat was not my sister Mengxing, nor was my brother-in-law Li Shaoshi, but my girlfriend "Apu" Jing Puchun whom I longed for day and night. She is the daughter of the Shanghai Jushang Jing Hengyi family.
When Liao Chengzhi first came back from abroad, he was thrown into the Kuomintang prison in Shanghai. With the guarantee of , Hengyi, Liu Yazi and Soong Ching Ling, he was released and returned home in March 1933 and met Jing Puchun, who lived on the same street.
The two are familiar with each other and can talk about everything. In August of that year, Mo Chengzhi secretly joined the Red Army. He left Jing Puchun a letter, which read: "If you really love me, wait for me for two years."
Now four years have passed, Jing Puchun comes to Hong Kong from Shanghai to reunite with him this time. The two returned from the dock to He Xiangning's home in Hong Kong, Weilisen Sanbao. He Xiangning also likes this girl very much. It’s time for lovers to get married!
On January 7, 1939, Liao Chengzhi and Jing Puchun held an extremely simple wedding at their home in Morischen Mountain Road. Both He Liao and his family came to congratulate.
In the early 1950s, Liao Chengzhi, Jing Puchun and his wife and his mother He Xiangning took photos in Wuhan.
Soong Ching Ling, who was called "uncle" by Liao Chengzhi, also came to congratulate him, and gave him two exquisite silk fabrics, and hanged a gold necklace around the bride's neck with his own hands.
When Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning were dating Sun Yat-sen in their early years, they often brought their children Liao Mengkang and Liao Chengzhi with them. Therefore, Soong Ching Ling was called "Uncle" by Liao Chengzhi, which was formed due to history and family reasons, which shows how close the relationship between the two families is.
The second day after the wedding, Liao Chengzhi began to look for the location of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong.
Because Pan Hannian has been working in the underground work in Bai District for many years, Liao Chengzhi respected him very much. Pan Hannian put forward two conditions for the location of the office:
1. The office should be located in a downtown city to facilitate contact with people from all walks of life; 2. Whether the office is a building or a yard, it must have a back door, so that it is convenient to evacuate if there is an accident.
Under the leadership of Wu Youheng, Secretary of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Liao Chengzhi traveled through the prosperous areas of Hong Kong and Kowloon to personally inspect the location.
Wu Youheng
Wu Youheng is from Enping, Guangdong. In the winter of 1936, he was only 24 years old and served as the secretary of the Hong Kong Underground Party of the Communist Party of China.
Liao Chengzhi is five years older than Wu Youheng. Liao Chengzhi's mother is from Hong Kong and lived in Hong Kong when she was a child. He smiled at Wu Youheng and said, "I didn't expect that I am half a Hong Konger, and I am not as familiar with the situation in Hong Kong as you, Enpingzi."
Wu Youheng said, "It was completely forced by the situation."
It turned out that when " September 18th Incident ", Wu Youheng was studying in Yiyong Middle School in Guangzhou. He actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement , protesting the authorities' non-resistance policy , and severely denounced the Japanese army to occupy the three northeastern provinces of our country, and was therefore expelled from the middle school.
So he became a primary school teacher to make a living and continued to engage in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. In 1936, he came to Hong Kong to participate in the National Salvation Federation , and joined the Communist Party of China in September of the same year.
In October 1937, he was appointed as the secretary of the Hong Kong Underground Party Branch of the Communist Party of China. In December of the same year, at the founding meeting of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhang Wenbin, Secretary of the Southern Working Committee of the Communist Party of China, announced the appointment of Wu Youheng as Secretary of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.
At that time, the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement in Hong Kong was very active. Wu Youheng had a wide contact with the National Salvation Federation of Hong Kong. He told Liao Chengzhi: "Work needs to make me almost travel all over the streets and alleys of Hong Kong in the past two years."
In the downtown area of Wan Chai, Hong Kong, Wu Youheng and Liao Chengzhi took a fancy to a large house on the 2nd floor, No. 18 Queen's Avenue Central, which is a two-story house facing the street. There are shops downstairs and back doors.
After the Spring Festival in 1939, Pan Hannian came back from Wuhan and looked at the house they chose, and thought it was good.
Pan Hannian believes that Hong Kong's environment is complex. To learn from previous experience in underground work, several additional activity bases must be set up to prevent unexpected events. So Pan Hannian, who is an intelligence expert and experienced, also chose three spare places.
One is the "Nanhua Pharmacy" opened by Hong Kong doctor Ke Lin and his younger brother Ke Zhengping in Shenshuibu, Pan Hannian's first choice for "Nanhua Pharmacy" is of historical origin.
Queen's Avenue in the 1930s
Because Mr. Ke Lin joined the Communist Youth League as early as 1924 and became a formal member of the Communist Party of China in 1926, he maintained a good relationship with Ye Jianying, and later participated in the Guangzhou Uprising . After the uprising failed, he went to Shanghai to cooperate with He Cheng to open the "Dasheng Hospital. ”
After returning to Hong Kong, with the help of Communist Party member Ke Zhengping, he opened the "Nanhua Pharmacy" in Shenshuibu and practiced medicine under the name of "Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy".
He once covered up Li Shuoxun, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, to carry out revolutionary work in Hainan. After Li Shuoxun died, the organization sent his wife Zhao Juntao and his son back to Shanghai, which was received by Pan Hannian.
Pan Hannian highly praised Ke Lin's work and said to Ke Lin clearly: "The War of Resistance Against Japan broke out. Nanhua Pharmacy is very important. You must persevere in Hong Kong. "
At the same time, Liao Chengzhi assigned coherently to be responsible for the "Nanhua Pharmacy" base with experience in underground intelligence.
Ke Lin spoke in his own hospital
Another is Liao Jian's " Indonesian office Zhuang Yishunyuan. "Liao Jian, also known as Liao Anxiang, is upright, chivalrous and generous. He is called " Meizhou Hero ". He also has a gun and holds a considerable civilian armed force.
Pan Hannian believes that the Yishunyuan opened by Liao Jian in Hong Kong can be used as a secret base for underground work. Liao Chengzhi appointed Li Shaoshi to be responsible for the intelligence base for "Yishunyuan".
The Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong was started, but the office sign was not publicly hung, but the horizontal plaque "Yuehua Tea Company" was hung on the door. The outer room of the office was a shop with various teas, and the inner room was a reception office for guests, and the reception people from all walks of life.
At that time, Pacific had not yet occurred War , however, the Japanese army has been eyeing Hong Kong, and the Japanese special forces are very active in Hong Kong.
In order to prevent the persecution of Japanese and Kuomintang spies, Pan Hannian stipulated that all work must be carried out according to the requirements of secret work, organized everyone to learn hidden struggle methods, and formulated strict discipline. It is stipulated that photographs and photos are not allowed to be taken to people.
Eighth Route Army Hong Kong Office staff took a photo
Therefore, we have never found an old photo of "Yuhua Tea Company".
Pan Hannian also stipulated that office members are not allowed to communicate with relatives, friends, or classmates. When going out or before returning, please note I want to be followed by someone, and your residence must be kept confidential.
The main leaders of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong, in addition to Liao Chengzhi, Pan Hannian and Wu Youheng, also serve as the secretary of the office’s party branch and overseas Chinese member.
is transferred by Zhang Wenbin from the Southern Working Committee of the Communist Party of China. He is the secretary of Liao Chengzhi, responsible for handling the daily affairs of the office. has been following Liao Chengzhi for the longest time in Hong Kong.
has cooperated with Liao Chengzhi in Hong Kong several times over the past 0 years. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has also assisted Liao Chengzhi in doing overseas Chinese affairs.
is 3 years older than Liao Chengzhi, and is from Dapu, Meizhou, Guangdong. In his early years, he was influenced by the May Fourth Cultural Movement and participated in progressive cultural activities. He was an old member of the Communist Party of China who joined the Communist Party of China in 1925.
Coherent
After the establishment of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong, the most urgent task was to solve the problem of where to send donations from overseas Chinese overseas.
At that time, in Hong Kong under the rule of Britain, it was not easy to find a bank to collect donations from the Communist Party of China.
Since the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, donations and materials from the Nanyang region and overseas Chinese to support the motherland's war of resistance were all coordinated and sent to the National Government, and then distributed and used by the National Government.
In fact, these donations from overseas Chinese cannot even be distributed to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.
In negotiations with the Kuomintang, Zhou Enlai had long proposed in accordance with Mao Zedong's opinion that the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in fighting against Japan needed to "split and share the exchange."
As early in Wuhan, Zhou Enlai reminded Liao Chengzhi: "Your cousin Deng Wenzhao is a trustworthy patriotic banker, and can help us in Hong Kong. Mr. Deng has a very identity in Hong Kong and has a patriotic enthusiasm for the War of Resistance."
Deng Wenzhao
Have arrived in Hong Kong, Liao Chengzhi mentioned Zhou Enlai's instructions to Deng Wenzhao at the right time, and Deng Xinran agreed to help.
At that time, several Chinese banks in Hong Kong were controlled by the Kuomintang forces. Our party accepted donations from overseas Chinese and foreign friends to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army in the name of Huabi Bank to ensure that these donations were not swallowed by the Kuomintang.
Liao Chengzhi finally solved this problem with his special identity. From then on, overseas Chinese donated money to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army and could send money to the "Hong Kong Huabi Bank Liao Chengzhi" to collect it, and received a remittance of 2.2 million yuan in just a few months. Since its opening in early January 1938, Liao Chengzhi and his colleagues have quickly received gratifying results after working day and night.
only received more than 1.5 medical treatment donated by Hong Kong compatriots to the Eighth Route Army within one month in April 1938.
In contrast, the military expenditure allocated to the New Fourth Army by the Kuomintang authorities at that time was 1.3 yuan per person per month, which was equivalent to the military expenditure allocated to the entire New Fourth Army by the Kuomintang authorities in the early days of the establishment of the New Fourth Army.
After the relocation of the Eighth Route Army Hong Kong Office
At the same time, overseas Chinese donated money to support the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army from Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Malaysia , Philippines and other places. The fruitful work of the
office had a huge impact, and it also caused shock and panic from the enemy. Japanese and Kuomintang personnel stationed in Hong Kong successively raised "protests" to the Hong Kong and British authorities.
In the early morning of March 11, 1939, the British Hong Kong authorities sent detectives to suddenly surround the "Yuanhua Company" and arrested five others including Lian Guan. The authorities' excuse was to "ban anti-British propaganda materials sent from Hong Kong to Indonesia and Malaysia."
Liao Chengzhi immediately reported to Zhou Enlai urgently, and then personally protested to Hong Kong Governor Yang Muqi. The British Hong Kong authorities falsely claimed that they did not know that the "Yuanhua Company" was the Eighth Route Army's Office in Hong Kong.
After Zhou Enlai repeatedly negotiated with the British Ambassador to China General Carl in Chongqing, the British Hong Kong authorities detained , and others until March 15th release on the grounds that they "didn't know that the Guangdong-China company is the Eighth Route Army's Office in Hong Kong."
Between September and October 1938, the Japanese South China Expeditionary Army, which secretly gathered 70,000 troops on Magong Island in Penghu, began to plan to launch the Guangzhou Battle in order to cooperate with the Wuhan offensive.
The Japanese Army's 18th Division , 104th Division and Oikawa Advance Detachment arrived at the mouth of Daya Bay, which was very close to Hong Kong at dusk on October 11. The landing battle of Daya Bay began in the early morning of the 12th.
The login days chosen by the Japanese army were carefully planned. October 10th is the National Day of the National Government. A group of senior Kuomintang officials, including Sun Ke, , Song Ziwen , etc., are preparing to celebrate.
According to convention, senior Kuomintang troops stationed in Daya Bay have all gone to Hong Kong to celebrate National Day. They will not be able to return to the garrison for three or five days.
Soon, on October 13, 1938, the Japanese army landed in Daya Bay. As soon as the news came to Hong Kong, the entire Hong Kong island was shocked! A large number of Guangdong refugees have already flowed into the streets of Hong Kong.
Japanese army landed in Daya Bay
Japanese army landed in Daya Bay, marking the start of the Japanese army's battle to capture Guangzhou. On this day, Liao Chengzhi hurried to Wu Youheng's residence in the West District of Hong Kong, which is a region where Chinese people live in the West District of Hong Kong. It would not be so conspicuous to meet here.
Yesterday he issued an emergency notice, arranging an emergency meeting to deal with the situation with Wu Youheng, Secretary of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zeng Sheng, Secretary of the Sea Employees Union, and other persons in charge on October 13.
When Liao Chengzhi rushed to Wu Youheng's home, several leaders of the underground CCP organizations in Hong Kong had arrived. As the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong, Liao Chengzhi conveyed to them the relevant central instructions: the important task of leading the people in the war of resistance has fallen on the shoulders of our Chinese Communists without hesitation.
Liao Chengzhi held emergency consultations with everyone on specific issues such as organizing anti-Japanese armed forces behind enemy lines, carrying out guerrilla wars, and opening up anti-Japanese guerrilla bases.
At that time, the situation of the Communist Party of China organization in Hong Kong was as follows: Wu Youheng served as secretary had 650 party members under the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zeng Sheng served as secretary with Hong Kong Staff Union had 50 party members, 50 party members from Macau, a total of 750 party members.
Because Huiyang is not under the jurisdiction of Hong Kong, Wu Youheng and Zeng Sheng cannot decide on the matter of going to Huiyang to fight guerrillas, and Liao Chengzhi needs to decide.
Originally, the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong wanted to organize anti-Japanese armed forces in Hong Kong. Long before Liao Chengzhi took office, central leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai had instructions.
Now that the Japanese army is going to attack Guangzhou, the enemy must cut off the traffic between Guangzhou and Hong Kong, and the task of organizing guerrillas to Huiyang to fight guerrillas is imminent.
So Liao Chengzhi said to everyone: "We must draw a group of capable cadres from Hong Kong as soon as possible, and a responsible comrade from the Municipal Party Committee or the Oceanic Commission will lead the team."
After discussion, Liao Chengzhi decided to send one-third of Hong Kong's party members, that is, more than 200 people, to Huiyang to fight guerrillas. When we studied who led the team, Wu Youheng and Zeng Sheng were very enthusiastic and both rushed to ask for a fight.
Wu Youheng said verbally: "Zengsheng, don't argue with me. The reason is very simple. I can shoot, you can't shoot."
Zeng Sheng retorted: "Old Wu, I'm more suitable than you when I go back to Dongjiang to fight guerrillas. First of all, personally, you are 4 people from Enping. In Hakka , the language is not accessible and the people and the land is unfamiliar; I am from Huiyang, and I have a language and understand the situation."
"At the same time, I have carried out anti-Japanese propaganda work in my hometown Pingshan area, united a group of young people, and had a good mass base there."
"Secondly, from an organizational perspective, the party organizations in Danshui and Pingshan areas of Huiyang County are directly led by our Maritime Commission. During my time as the Organization Minister of the Maritime Commission to the Secretary of the Maritime Commission, I have served as the Organization Minister of the Maritime Commission to the Secretary of the Maritime Commission."
"Secondly, from an organizational perspective, the party organizations in the Danshui and Pingshan areas of Huiyang County are directly led by our Maritime Commission. , always responsible for guiding their work. "
" This area is also the hometown of many of our seafarers . Now that my hometown is falling, the villagers are in dire straits, I have the responsibility to go back and organize the masses and carry out the anti-Japanese guerrilla war to save the country, the people, and protect the family and the country. "
Zeng Sheng took a photo with his wife
Liao Chengzhi heard it, nodded and expressed his approval, and said with a firm conclusion: "What Zeng Sheng said makes sense, I think Zeng Sheng will go back. It's too late to ask the central government for instructions, so I decided to do it like this!"
has constant enthusiasm, but you two cannot go back, and the work in Hong Kong is also very important, and leadership is still needed. Comrade Youheng’s responsibility to stay in Hong Kong is not light! "
Liao Chengzhi also analyzed the difficulties and favorable conditions that may be encountered when fighting guerrillas in Dongjiang. He said:
"We just returned without weapons, no funds, and more importantly, we have no experience and may encounter many difficulties. "
" However, we also have many favorable conditions. For example, Dongjiang was a region where the peasant movement flourished during the Agrarian Revolutionary War, and the people had the glorious tradition of revolutionary struggle. "
" Now, our party organization in the Dongjiang area has a good mass base. Now is a good time. After the Japanese invaders landed in Daya Bay, the Kuomintang defenders were defeated and the masses were confused. "
Dongjiang Guerrilla Corps group photo
"In this case, when we go back to carry out the armed struggle against Japan, the masses will definitely support us, and it is estimated that the Kuomintang military and political authorities will not immediately oppose or obstruct us. "
" At the same time, the enemy has just invaded and it is still difficult to gain a foothold for the time being, and the ruling order of the enemy and puppet has not been established. I believe you can open up the situation soon."
Finally, the meeting decided that the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China will select two major cadres, Zhou Boming, Director of the Organization Department of the Municipal Committee and Xie Heshou, Secretary of the Hong Kong District Committee, to cooperate with Zeng Sheng to organize the Hui (Yang) Bao (An) Working Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Zhou Boming is from Dapu County, Guangdong Province. He was sent by the organization to Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Military Scholars as a private, participated in the Xi'an Incident, and studied at Yan'an Anti-Japanese University.
"July 7 Incident" "After he was sent back to Guangdong to work and Zeng Sheng selected several capable cadres from the Haihai Employees Committee to go to Dongjiang together.
Xie Hechou, a native of Fusui, Guangxi, joined the party at the low point of the revolution after the "April 12" coup. He participated in the Longzhou Uprising led by Deng Xiaoping and others.
Xie Hechou
with the assistance of these two backbone leaders of the Hong Kong Municipal Party Committee. Zeng Sheng was very happy. These two had After participating in the military struggle, the three of them quickly devoted themselves to the preparations for returning to Dongjiang to fight guerrilla.
A few days after the meeting, the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Maritime Commission mobilized and found a group of party members and progressive young people to go to Dongjiang to carry out the anti-Japanese guerrilla war behind enemy lines.
On October 21, 1938, Guangzhou fell. From the 24th, Zeng Sheng, Zhou Boming and Xie Hechou formed a temporary working group to lead the first team to organize. They set out from Hong Kong and entered Huiyang area one after another.
The anti-Japanese guerrillas organized at that time only had 25 guns borrowed. The funds for food and other funds were taken by Liao Chengzhi and Wu Youheng in Hong Kong, and Yang Lin's joint company also sponsored them.
The "Huibao People's Anti-Japanese Guerrillas Brigade" organized by the Eighth Route Army's Hong Kong Office was like this, from scratch, from small to large, and later became the "Dongjiang Column of the Anti-Japanese Force that shocked southern Xinjiang!
In view of Liao Chengzhi's outstanding performance during his tenure as the director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Hong Kong, although he did not attend the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he was still elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress, and was the youngest member and alternate member elected by the Seventh National Congress (at the age of 37).
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