Warring States era, various princes fought endlessly. In order to inspire and reward, a system of vassals was born in Zhou Dynasty . This is vassal lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord lord
Shang Jun Wei Yang
But at the end of the Warring States Period, a brand new title appeared in various countries, namely titled Marquis, such as Lu Buwei Wenxin Hou , Wang Ben Tongwu Hou , etc. You should know that Hao is a common arch of archers during the Warring States Period, and archers are basically children of the royal family and people with great meritorious deeds, and they have always existed, but marquis is more sensitive. After all, the titles of many vassal states actually come from the canonization of the Zhou emperor, such as Qin is just an earl vassal state, but why did all countries later sign a marquis who were "higher" than themselves?
The fourth prince of the Warring States Period
The origin of the lord
The lord began as early as the early Warring States Period. Under the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty, the lord belonged to the level of nobles and officials, so each prince could enthrone the lord himself, and it did not require the lord of the Zhou emperor. The well-known Shang Yang was actually named Shang Jun in Qin, that is, the lord of Shang. "Records of the Grand Historian" records: "Shang Jun is the evil prince of Wei, whose name is Yang, his surname is Gongsun, and his ancestor is Ji's surname" .
From here, we can see that Shang Yang was called Gongsun Yang . His ancestors came from the Ji surname and belonged to Wei. They were also called Wei Yang. After being named Shang Jun, they took their fief as their surname and called Shang Yang. Therefore, Shang Yang Shang Yang means the person named Yang in Shang.
jun actually belongs to the first-level official
In addition to Shang Yang, there were many monarchs who were granted during the Warring States Period, and they were also titled by many top powerful ministers in the Warring States Period, such as Chu State Chunshenjun, Wei State Xinlingjun, Zhao State Pingyuanjun, Qi State Mengchangjun, Yan State Chang State jun Leyi , Qin State Wu'anjun Bai Qi, Wu Xinjun Zhang Yi , etc. Before
, the ceasing king had a fiefdom, and the title of the ceasing king was also related to these places, such as Xinling and Chunshen. These are all place names. They can manage these places and even recruit private soldiers. However, in the later period, the ceasing king and the fiefdom had long been separated. The ceasing king only enjoyed the fiefdom of the fiefdom and had no management rights. Therefore, the ceasing king behind could no longer pass the privileges of his fiefdom to his descendants, so there was no need to choose the fiefdom to seal the king. He could give him a good name at will. Therefore, there was a ceasing king like Wu'an Jun, who was not a place name.
Xinling Jun steals the talisman to save Zhao
It is worth mentioning that the name Wu'an Jun is not unique to Bai Qi. Zhao Wang believes that Li Mu is also qualified to use this title, so he gave Li Mu the name Wu'an Jun, turning the nobles and officials of the Spring and Autumn Period into a new title in the Warring States Period.
The countries before the marquis were
During the Warring States Period, the marquis could only be enthroned by the Zhou emperor, namely the fifth-class title Duke of the Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of the Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin State was only the Count and was not considered a Marquis. Although Qin State itself called Dukes internally such as Duke of Qin Xian and Duke of Qin Xiao , it could only be called Dukes externally. There is no way, who would make it nice to call Dukes?
Qin State can still be called a lord, and what's worse is Chu State, because he is just a viscount and can only be called Chu Zi to the outside world. Therefore, the king of Chu State always wanted to upgrade his title, but he was not enthroned. In the end, Chu State was unhappy and said, ", my barbarians are also ." He ignored the title system in the Central Plains and called himself the king, which was the same level as the Zhou emperor. However, other vassal states originally saw that Chu State was a barbarian, so he let him go.
Chu State's territory
Qin State's title
At this time, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang's reform to inspire the Qin people with military merits, so he introduced the 20-level military merit title system, among which the titles set by Qin State are as follows:
Level 1 Gongshi, Level 2 upper level, Level 3 Hairpin, Level 4 No update, Level 5 doctor, Level 6 official doctor, Level 7 public doctor, Level 8 public passengers, Level 9 Five doctors , Level 10 left president, Level 11 right president, Level 12 left president, Level 13 middle president, Level 14 right president, Level 15 young master, Level 16 Daliang master, Level 17 Siche master, Level 18 big master, Level 19 Guanneihou , Level 20 Marquis (Chehou).
Title and inheritance
In fact, there were only eighteen levels at that time. Cao Wei Minister Liu Shao The "Letter System" recorded in the "Letter System" of Liu Shao is also the eighteen levels. At that time, the highest was the Grand Secretary. The two highest levels were not set at all during Shang Yang's reforms, but were gradually improved and formed after the later period. First of all, the Zhou emperor was nominally the lord of the princes, and the name of the Hou overlapped with the fifth-class title. Secondly, Shang Yang himself made contributions to the reforms and only awarded the title of Daliang, which was not even the Grand Secretary. Perhaps Daliang was the highest award outside the Qin Duke. When will
be granted a marquis
So when did the marquis appear? When the Warring States Period rituals collapsed and the music became more thorough, after all, everyone was a marquis, counts, and viscount . In the future, they could only be granted the title of nobles and officials. It was impossible to grant the title of marquis who were on par or even higher than their own. However, once the vassal states became King of Qi, King of Wei, and King of Zhao, it would be natural to be granted the title of marquis.
Xuzhou Prime Minister
Therefore, the vassal states began to complete a process of becoming kings, and they respected each other's kings. First of all, the two protagonists of Xuzhou Prime Minister Wei and Qi Weihou. The Wei State, which dominated the war in the early Warring States Period, suffered a crushing defeat in Maling Battle , and finally recognized himself. So Wei Huihou took the initiative to give up his overlord position and came to Xuzhou to ask the Marquis of Qi Wei as the king. The Marquis of Qi Wei would naturally not refuse, and called the King of Qi Wei. The King of Qi Wei also reciprocated his favor, so he also asked the Marquis of Wei as the king, and the King of Wei Wei to be the king.
Seeing that Wei and Qi were shamelessly kings, other countries could not stand it anymore, so Chu, Zhao, Yan, and Lu, came directly to attack Qi. The most unpleasant one was Chu. After all, Chu was powerful at that time, and he claimed to be the king, so everyone could tolerate it. The King of Chu felt that he was on par with the Emperor of Zhou and was the best of all the vassal states. Now Qi and Wei were also called kings, and they were actually on par. So King Wei of Chu 2 was unhappy and directly led his troops to attack Qi. As a result, while fighting, the collapse of the Warring States ceremony became even worse.
Qin Huiwen King
As he fought, Wei State wooed Han Weihou , and asked Han Weihou to call the king Han Xuanhui . Soon, when no one asked the king, Qin State, he called the king, Qin Huiwen King. Later, in order to fight against Qin State, Wei State and Han State, invited Zhao State, Yan State, and Zhongshan State to be king together. In the end, The Prime Minister of the Five Kingdoms , everyone called the queen, and the title of marquis was basically no obstacle, so all countries began to be granted marquis.
Qin State conferred Wei Ran as Ranghou , Fan Sui as Yinghou , Lv Buwei was Wenxinhou, Lao Ai was Changxinhou; Qi State conferred Zou Ji as Chenghou, etc.
Which is the higher status of the marquis or the monarch
This time, the monarch rank is the higher status of the monarch or the monarch rank? According to the level, marquis is actually the second only to the monarch in the country of the monarch. Generally, people who give great contributions. At the same time, the monarch usually has their own fiefdom, which can be directly managed . For example, Shang Yang wanted to go to his fiefdom to organize resistance later, but the marquis had not yet come out, so the monarch naturally had the highest status.
Wuan Jun Bai Qi
But in the late stage, the title of the lord has nothing to do with the fief. The name of the lord also comes from some nice names, such as Wu'an Jun's Wu'an, etc., and the marquis has begun to be rewarded, and it is extremely rare. Even famous generals like Wang Jian did not award the marquis when they destroyed the country, which is enough to show the preciousness of the marquis. When they were later, they were still named Wucheng Marquis. With the Qin generation, they only had seven marquises in total. It can be seen how difficult it is to obtain the marquis in the late stage.
WenxinjunLu Buwei
So If everyone has fiefdoms, then the status of the marquis and the marquis are the same , and there are even private armed forces. But if there is no fiefdom, then the marquis is still higher than the marquis 2. Of course, whether the marquis or the marquis are enthroned, they are the highest honors in the vassal states of various countries. During the Warring States Period, those who can enthrone the monarch were either representatives of the royal family or those who have made great contributions, except for Lao Ai and others.
After the Warring States Period, the system of monarchy was completely over. Qin Shihuang implemented the system of county system, established a system of 20th-class military titles, completely abolished the fiefdom and titles, and retained the marquis, but basically they were false seals, and enjoying salaries could not be governed.
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