——Explanation of the lies of Western ideological hegemony (3)
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"De-ideologization" is also called "non-ideologization". It is the cultural trend of ideological that emerged in the 1950s. With the evolution of the world political pattern, Western capitalist countries have used the tool for ideological infiltration into developing countries and socialist countries. Its essence is negative about the diversity of ideology and uses "de-ideologization" as a means to achieve ideological westernization and capitalist ization.
The background of the emergence of the "de-ideology" trend
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the world entered an era of mutual struggle between the two major ideological camps of socialism and capitalism. Although these two ideologies had a brief cooperation in World War II and World War II Anti-Fascist War, they did not affect the nature of the struggle between the two, and became increasingly fierce with the rise of International Communist Movement after the war.
" World War II " ended, the Western capitalist camp led by the United States took the Soviet socialist camp as its next opponent and began to use all means except war to curb the development of the Soviet Union and its socialist countries. From the Churchill " Iron Curtain Speech ", to the release of " Trumanism ", to the establishment of "NATO" organization , it all reflects its all-round hostility and blockade against the Soviet socialist camp in terms of military, politics, science and technology, diplomacy. In order to fight against the "NATO" military alliance, Eastern European socialist countries led by the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Treaty Organization in in 1955, marking the formation of a "two-level pattern" of the US-Soviet hegemony.
Churchill delivered an "Iron Curtain Speech"
Facing millions of Soviet armed forces, coupled with the destructive power brought by the two world wars , the United States realized that the price of war confrontation with the Soviet Union may be unbearable. Through cultural infiltration and aggression, peaceful evolution was implemented to achieve the goal of the collapse of the Soviet socialist camp from within, and it became the main means to curb and hinder the development of socialism.
In 1950, the CIA took the lead in establishing the "Cultural Freedom Conference" organization. It was dressed in the guise of "cultivating cultural exchanges around the world and striving for cultural freedom". It used newspapers, magazines, books and other publications, cultural, educational, academic exchange seminars, literature, art, music exhibitions, and a series of high-standard honors and awards to achieve the purpose of ideological infiltration and peaceful evolution. The "de-ideology" trend emerged under this major background.
"De-ideologization" thought trend transformation process
2.1 Origin: The emergence and bankruptcy of the "non-ideologization" theory
In September 1955, at a regular meeting held by the Western Conference for Cultural Freedom, French sociologist Aaron claimed that the root causes of the profound ideological conflict inherent in the first half of this century (20th century) have disappeared to a considerable extent, and "uncompromising socialism and uncompromising liberalism" have no status, that is, the era of "ideological quarrels" has ended. Hills, one of the leaders of the organization, even said "The End of Ideology?" 》 As the title of the paper, it set off a trend of "end of ideology" in the Western cultural circle.
In the following decade, Western bourgeois thinkers and sociologists vigorously advocated the decline or end of ideology by publishing related papers, books, holding seminars, etc. The more representative ones include Bell's "The End of Ideology - On the Exhaustion of Political Thought in the 1950s", Psette's "Politics: The Social Foundation of Politics", etc., and its main purpose is to demonstrate the "declining of ideology", believing that "non-ideology" is a necessary factor in "post-industrial society", so that the slogan of "defeating ideology" can be widely responded and disseminated in various fields such as Western economy, philosophy, history, and society.
The Western "de-ideology" view believes that the values of "eternal" and science and technology occupy the position of "stale" and limited ideological values, and science and technology are the source of solving all economic and social contradictions. This concept was instantly slapped in the face with the ever-intensified domestic and foreign contradictions and world situations caused by the world economic crisis spreading in the Western capitalist world in the late 1960s and early 1970s, declaring the bankruptcy of the "non-ideological" theory and technological determinism of the Western capitalist camp.
2.2 Reconstruction: From the "non-ideologization" theory to the "re-ideologization" concept
With the bankruptcy of the "non-ideologization" theory and the increasingly sharp international and domestic social contradictions, the Western capitalist camp continues to seek a new ideological theory to support the "legality" of its class position. The concept of "re-ideologization" gradually enters the vision of Western bourgeois thinkers and reconstructs and interprets it, making them more aggressive in their attacks on socialism.
To make things right, the makers of the Western "non-ideological" theory claim that they never oppose ideology itself, but are just "misunderstood". In his article "There is no end to Ideology" (1972), Lipse pointed out that Bell's "end in Ideology" specifically refers to "a complete series of revolutionary theories of fanatical attachment to the class struggle theory of proletariat against the existing system is becoming more 'decline'", that is, the "outdated" and "decline" of Marxist ideology theory. Bell also explained and responded to the above views in his works such as "The Advent of Post-Industrial Society" and "The Cultural Contradiction of Capitalism".
In the process of seeking new ideological theoretical support, bourgeois thinkers "restore reputation" for ideology, so that the ideology that represents the interests of the bourgeoisie will reappear in front of the world after a re-emergence. Federal German Sociologist Lenberg's book "Ideology and Society" seeks to find effective means of ideological struggle, publicly recognize the value of ideology, and points out that ideology is "a tool for people to determine direction and control behavior in the world around them." The book "The Ideology of America" written by American scholars K. Dobbier and P. Dobbier is to promote American ideology in all aspects and serve the monopoly of bourgeois rule.
2.3 Alienation: Cultural erosion under the garment of gorgeous rhetoric
After the end of World War II, in the process of the ideological confrontation between capitalism and socialism, Western capitalist countries, relying on their relative advantages in economic development, scientific and technological progress, and living standards, carried out all-round ideological infiltration into socialist countries by any means to achieve their peaceful evolution.
Western capitalist countries vigorously advocate the concepts of so-called democracy, freedom, human rights, and universal values that transcend classes to the socialist camp, and allow these gorgeous rhetoric to penetrate into socialist countries through newspapers, magazines, academic exchanges, literary performances, television and radio stations, commodities and other carriers, vigorously promote Western capitalist values, and subtly influence the people's thoughts of the socialist countries.
At the same time, while spreading the ideology of Western capitalism, they distorted the history of the socialist country, amplified the problems of the socialist country, and attributed the problems of the socialist country to problems in the national ideology and political system, so that the ideas and historical nihilism that advocated Western culture spread in the socialist countries in Eastern Europe. Coupled with the internal contradictions of the socialist countries themselves, the socialist countries in Eastern Europe were defeated in the ideological struggle, making it an important inducement for the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in .
The disaster of "color revolution"
"de-ideology" hypocritical essence
Through the review of the development history and main views of the Western "de-ideology" thought, it can be seen that the "de-ideology" promoted by Western capitalist countries led by the United States is not the issue of some domestic "public intellectuals" who put aside the struggles or differences in the ideological field, seeking common ground while reserving differences and common development. Their "de-ideology" serves to consolidate bourgeois ideology, curb Marxist ideology, implement "color revolution" and peaceful evolution in socialist countries. Its essence is to realize the westernization and capitalization of ideology.
Looking at the history of the two ideological struggles between capitalism and socialism, the "de-ideology" strategy implemented by Western capitalist countries has largely led to drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. At present, it regards our country as the number one threat and "imaginary enemy", and has never stopped ideological infiltration into our country. The repeated distortions of history, slandering revolutionary heroes, and even the recently exposed "toxic textbooks" incidents are all the concrete manifestations of Western ideology under the guise of "de-ideology" and are worthy of high vigilance!
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