my country's high-speed rail is a well-known brand for going to the world. China's high-speed rail has become the unquestionable world number one in terms of mileage, coverage, speed, etc.
However, everyone knows that China is the number one in the world's high-speed rail, so which country is the second in the world? Most people think that the second may be a powerful country like the United States and Japan, but they don’t know that the second thing that is the Spain, which has a weak sense of existence in Europe.
Speaking of Spain's high-speed rail history, it is even more legendary from an unknown person to stepping down the United States, Japan and other countries step by step.
The rise of the world's high-speed rail
Before World War II , rail transportation was at the forefront of the world. After World War II, it was a major turning point. After World War II, cars and civil aviation passenger planes gradually developed. Compared with trains, cars can achieve "from the doorstep to the doorstep", which is very convenient and the speed is not inferior to the honest trains before, not to mention the speed of the plane. The trains are at a disadvantage and are gradually eliminated, so European and American countries have begun to dismantle their tracks one after another. The "decline" of
train has been going on for decades until before the Tokyo Olympics in Japan in 1964, the world's first high-speed railway - the Tokaido Shinkansen , which was put into operation, was put into operation, which shocked many European and American countries, and many people really wanted to experience it.
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th those European and American countries might think that if we don’t demolish the railway tracks and transform the trains with the development of technology, maybe the world’s first high-speed rail gimmick is theirs. It’s too late to regret, which really aroused the hearts of European and American countries to revitalize railway transportation.
Of course, the first thing that emerged is not Spain we are going to talk about today. Italy first proposed a railway construction plan in 1966, and it took four years to prepare. It only started to build a high-speed railway from Rome to Florence in 1970. The technology has been derailed for so many years, and the efficiency is extremely low. A railway has been built for 22 years.
France is not willing to lag behind, and the southeast line of the TGV high-speed railway built in 1981 also caused a sensation. This high-speed railway has made France the leading country in high-speed railway technology. Federal German is not a vegetarian. In 1988, they set a miracle in the first time in history that the speed of wheels and rails exceeded 400 kilometers per hour. This speed is now the fastest for my country's civilian high-speed rails!
After all, the countries mentioned just now had relatively developed industries before World War II, and were also the first batch of countries to carry out the industrial revolution . As the saying goes, "a lean camel is bigger than a horse." Although their technology has been stranded for so many years and has been striving to catch up, their achievements are still remarkable. They never thought that the Spanish high-speed rail will now become the second in the world.
, the "unknown" Spanish high-speed rail became the "second in the world"?
In the late 1980s, Spain planned to build a high-speed railway to connect the central Castilla-La Mancha Autonomous Region with the economically backward Southern Andalusia Autonomous Region. They knew that their technology was not enough, so they planned to introduce foreign high-speed rail technology, which led to the fact that France and the Federal Republic of Germany competed for the first order of high-speed rail in Spain at that time.
This is the first journey that Spain has experienced - if you don't have it, you must introduce it. Of course, it is not just for use, but more importantly, explore the technology and then slowly turn it into your own use. Although
is almost based on introduction, Spain has not low requirements for the quality and speed of high-speed rail. Spain's first high-speed rail adopts bidding method, with a designed speed of more than 270 kilometers per hour. The cooperation between the Japanese Shinkansen and Spain with 220 kilometers per hour was not achieved. The German Siemens product was relatively advanced at the time, but due to insufficient market experience, it was still eliminated. In the end, the French Alstom won the cooperation with Spain.
Spanish local brands have made efforts, but unfortunately the local company Talgo has only plans and has not made any finished products. Even if they intend to cooperate with local brands, there is no way.Is there really no way to make
by yourself? Let’s take a look. The first-generation EMU AVES100 of the high-speed train of the Madrid to Seville High-speed Railway is the TGV-A EMU introduced by Alstom, France. The Madrid to Barcelona high-speed train also introduced the German Siemens ICE EMU.
Spanish local equipment manufacturer Talgo, like our Chinese Huawei , started its own research and development at the beginning of introducing American chips, keeping a low profile for more than ten years, and once shocked major countries.
As early as 1998, Talgo began to cooperate with Bombardier Canada. In 2000, it successfully removed the Talgo350 EMU, which had a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. Spain finally has its own technology and its own high-speed rail brand.
Talgo350 EMU is nicknamed "Pato", Spanish means duck, and the duckbill design reduces noise at the top speed. Talgo350 won 16 orders for the Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail in the 2001 bid, marking the start of operation of the Spanish local EMU AVE S102, which also means that Talgo has entered the high-speed rail manufacturing market.
This is the second journey that the Spanish high-speed rail has experienced - slowly absorbing the introduced high technology, and then converting it into your own things, and ultimately building your own brand. The step of
is actually the most difficult and critical. Many technical problems need to be overcome, and they do not have direct technical guidance, but they still survived. From then on, they will clear the clouds and see the sky, and no longer have to rely on other people's technology, and will not be "bottled".
has its own technology, of course it has to try it. So Spain began to plan its first high-speed rail line, but usually every "first" is questioned, and Spain's first high-speed rail is not smooth all the way. After experiencing many doubts and ups and downs, Spain's first railway was finally planned to be built between Madrid and Seville, and it took advantage of the good opportunity of Seville World Expo to start construction.
is similar to Japan. Spain's first high-speed rail was put into operation on the opening day of the Seville World Expo in 1992. This is a smart move. The impact of the operation on this day is absolutely overwhelming. Although
is the first high-speed rail in Spain, its speed is not inferior in all aspects. The maximum operating speed can reach 300 kilometers per hour! It only takes about 2 and a half hours to get from Madrid to Sevilla. The two places are connected, which brings great economic benefits to the line.
has one and two, and from then on, the Spanish high-speed rail can be said to have truly risen.
Let’s first look at the overall distribution of Spain in order to better understand their ideas for building high-speed rail. There is a word used to describe Spain - "hollowing". Spain's population is mainly distributed in Madrid in the central region, Barcelona in the northeast, Valencia in the eastern region and Seville in the southern region. Madrid is close to two mountains, the Iberian Mountains and the central mountain range. The rural areas around the Iberian Mountains have very poor infrastructure and communication is not good. Although there are broken rails, the speed is only 30 kilometers per hour, and even the tractors next to it cannot catch up.
After understanding Spain's basic distribution, it will be simple. With the Spanish capital Madrid as the center, it spreads to the surrounding major coastal cities, and builds high-speed rail lines throughout the country. From this perspective, the Spanish high-speed rail is also comprehensive.
This can be summarized as the third journey of the Spanish high-speed rail - building a high-speed rail network based on actual conditions, creating a high-speed rail line connecting various densely populated areas, and developing the economy along the route. Take our country for example, the population is mainly distributed in coastal areas, major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and industrial zones in the Pearl River Delta. The high-speed rail running through the north and south is naturally relatively developed, and the high-speed rail between big cities is also very powerful. Spain also considers the same. It is best to formulate a route that suits its own country based on its actual situation.
What is the current development status of the Spanish high-speed rail?
Recently, there seems to be no movement in the Spanish high-speed railway. Only the Mediterranean Corridor high-speed railway two years ago made the eyes of all countries.This Mediterranean Corridor high-speed railway takes about 7 years from Tarragona to Laldea in just 47 kilometers. Spain's work efficiency can be said to have declined seriously!
However, we all know that the outbreak of the new crown epidemic at the end of 2019 has seriously affected the development of the global economy, and the normal life and industry of the global people are also deeply affected. The construction period of Spain's high-speed rail is naturally delayed. In this way, the development of Spain's high-speed rail cannot be considered a regression, and at most it has been stagnant for a period of time.
In addition, Spain is still preparing for the Algecilas high-speed railway from the border between the West and France to the Algeciras on the Strait of Gibraltar . The epidemic has not completely disappeared, and I don’t know when it will be completed!
This is probably what the Spanish high-speed rail is like now, and its technical level is relatively high. It is external reasons that hinder the development of the Spanish high-speed rail in the past two years. However, we can foresee that when we overcome this global difficulty, the Spanish high-speed rail will inevitably improve steadily and continue to develop better and stronger.
How does the Spanish high-speed rail compare with the international level? So what about the comparison with China, which is ahead?
Let’s compare the mileage first. According to the 2018 national high-speed rail mileage ranking list, the longest China high-speed rail mileage is 40,000 kilometers, the second Spain is just over 3,400 kilometers, and the third Germany is only a little over 3,000 kilometers. This shows that China is really much stronger.
But our country is vast and has a large population, Spain has a small area and a small population. Spain’s land area of 500,000 square kilometers is only 47 million, and Spain’s land area is only as large as Sichuan. Their population is equivalent to the sum of the permanent population of Beijing and Shanghai. The reference value of single-mileage is not much higher. In terms of per capita high-speed rail mileage, Spain is still 2.5 times that of ours.
So in terms of high-speed rail mileage, Spain's level in the world is quite good, second only to China. In terms of per capita mileage, Spain is better than China, and it is definitely quite good internationally.
Let’s look at the internal structure of the high-speed rail. Each second-class carriage in the Spanish high-speed rail has two bathrooms. There are only one in China. There are luggage racks at both ends of the carriage. The connection is connected to the glass doors that are isolated from the seat area. The small table area in the seat area is much larger than that in the economy class of the airplane. Although the price of the Spanish high-speed rail is a bit expensive, it is also worth it.
Spanish high-speed train is abbreviated as AVE. It uses French technology and a maximum speed of 300 kilometers per hour. AVE is amazing. It once set a record of 12,338 passengers a day, which is also a relatively top in the world.
technology is also not inferior to Spain. In the initial introduction of strong German and French technologies, on this basis, the Spanish local high-speed rail was developed, with the speed of the country, and its quality was even stronger than other countries, because most parts of Spain have Mediterranean climate . In order to overcome the damage caused by climate factors to the high-speed rail, they can only work hard on materials and processes. Therefore, both technology and quality have certain advantages compared with international level and China.
Whether it is the Spanish high-speed rail or our China high-speed rail, we can be regarded as latecomers. We are decades later than those developed countries, but we have caught up in a short period of time. By introducing, digesting and absorbing foreign high-speed rail technology, our country's high-speed rail has developed and finally reached a leading position.
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