No matter where they come from, what kind of work they are engaged in, and what kind of beliefs they have, they all have a common characteristic. The above characters and organizations are all Nobel Prize winners.

Supreme awards

Marie Curie , Yang Zhenning , Li Zhengdao , Tu Youyou, International Atomic Energy Agency , International Committee of the Red Cross ...

These well-known figures and the contributions made by the world organization to mankind have far-reaching influence.

biomedical recipients, Tu Youyou

No matter where they come from, what kind of work they are engaged in, and what kind of beliefs they have, they all have one common characteristic.

and above are all winners of Nobel Prize .

Alfred Nobel , the blasting master who brought violent chemical impacts to mankind, has contributed to engineering and industry all his life.

Although he experienced ups and downs in his life, he enjoyed the money that the invention of explosives brought to himself.

But this great scientist had no children after his whole life. In the end, he left a special sign for his Will .

Nobel Prize affirms science and culture

sets up five awards for its remaining achievable assets, namely physics, chemistry, biomedicine, literature and peace, and is named " Nobel Prize ".

The purpose of setting up this award is to inspire scientists who contribute to the world. It is with them that this society can progress and develop.

Nobel wrote multiple wills in his life, and the last work he created more than a year before his death was signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris in November 61895.

It is this legacy work that ultimately became everything that witnessed the glory of human history. Nobel bequeathed his total assets 94%.

Nobel's will on the award

This money almost came from his explosive invention and commercial transactions. At that time, it was 31 million Swedish kroner , which was equivalent to US dollars .186 billion , and the euro in 2008 was converted to .15 billion .

However, people at that time could not believe that Nobel would leave such a wealth in his will. Out of his attitude towards protecting the will, this project was not approved by in the Norwegian Parliament on April 26, 1897.

From the early 20th century to the 21st century , the Nobel Prize has a history of more than a hundred years.

Everyone standing at the award ceremony has made changes to the world, and later people added a new economics award.

Nobel Prize winner in Economics

However, according to tradition, the Nobel Prize is still the original five awards.

The past Nobel Prize and Economic Science Award have been awarded 567 times and given to 889 winners.

Among them, 26 awards were awarded peace prizes to relevant organizations.

Because some winners have won awards many times, such as Madame Curie .

Considering the number of repeated awards, the total number of actual awards of is 860, and 22 organizations .

But the problem is that although Nobel himself had a lot of wealth at that time, his personal wealth was to be taken out in the end.

awards for so many years, and there are more than one winner every year. How did the prize money for this award be brought out later?

No matter how rich you have, you will spend it all

inheritance of wealth

Considering that Nobel's own wealth is indeed a big deal, executors of will Ragna Solman and Rudolph Lille Jacquest established Nobel Foundation to manage Nobel's legacy.

Although Nobel himself expressed his planning of property in his will, the plan was not complete.

and due to other obstacles, it took 5 years to be established. As of December 31, 2020, the assets controlled by the Nobel Foundation reached 65.176 billion Swedish kroner , which is equivalent to the contract year exchange rate US dollars of approximately .63 billion .

Today's Nobel Foundation

As mentioned earlier, this will was not approved by the parliament until 1897. Shortly thereafter, the Parliament appointed members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which will award certificates to contributors to peace. Appointments such as

were quickly followed by other award-giving institutions. In the early 20th century, Oscar II promulgated the newly formulated charter by the Nobel Prize, and the Nobel Prize finally had a complete awarding process.

But since the alliance between Swedish and Norwegian was dissolved in 1905, the responsibility for awarding the Nobel Prize was shared by the two countries.

so Norwegian Nobel Committee member will become the issuer of Peace Prize , while Swedish will award the awards for other awards .

Nobel Prize Museum

But the most important thing at the moment is how to manage this money.

Another important task of the Nobel Foundation is to display the Nobel Prize to the public, which is equivalent to publicly providing the content of the award, and to be responsible for informal activities and issues related to the award of the Nobel Prize.

In addition, in order to ensure that the program is legal and legitimate, the Nobel Foundation will not participate in the selection process of the Nobel Prize in any way.

Basicly, the Nobel Foundation is more like an investment company , conducting investment activities through various means to create a solid financial foundation for the Nobel Prize and related administrative activities.

and the Nobel Foundation in Sweden has exempted all taxes from 1946, including the U.S. investment tax.

So starting from 1980 , the Nobel Foundation's investment will make more money than before.

is why the prize in this period was SEK 1 million, but it increased to SEK 10 million in 2008.

Executive Director of the Nobel Foundation Hextan

In addition to the foundation leading the activities, 1965 , the foundation initiated the Nobel seminar.

The conference is dedicated to finding discussions that can bring major breakthroughs to the field of human science or culture and society.

In this seminar, the traditional five awards became an important backbone and participated in the award discussions during the Cold War period in the 1980s.

and the Economics Award consists of the Swedish Bank's Three Centennial Foundation and the Valenburg Foundation.

Today, the capital investment of the Nobel Foundation is mainly used for 50% of stock investments, 20% of bonds, and 30% of other investments in , mainly involving hedge funds and real estate .

related distribution can change 10%, with certain flexibility.

Nobel Foundation investment

But the investment in the 2008 Nobel Prize changed, other investments were reduced in part and added to stocks used in the United States and Europe, while the rest remained basically unchanged. So from this perspective, the Nobel Prize also indirectly reflects the economic performance of Europe and the United States.

Interesting news about the Nobel Prize

According to the annual report of the relevant organizations, the Nobel Foundation's investment goal is to achieve a minimum annual return rate of , which is at least higher than the inflation rate 3.5% . As mentioned above, many global political and economic activities have changed the most obvious in the 20th century due to the influence of the foundation.

After roughly understanding Nobel Prize , let’s take a look at other interesting things about the Nobel Prize.

For the award presentation process, once the Nobel Foundation and its guidelines are in place, the Nobel Committee will collect nominations for the award and then send the preliminary list of candidates for to the award presentation agency .

The past and present shortlist

In the first Nobel Prize Ceremony of , Physics prize , the shortlist cited William Rongen's X-ray discovery, and Philip Leonard 's work in cathode rays.

Finally, the awards awards college decided to award the award to roentgen .

For the Chemistry Award, the problem faced by the college at that time was that there were too many excellent chemists, and how to present the award was a problem.

Academy received 20 award nominations at that time, and the final chemistry award was taken away by Vanthoff .

and Literature Prize After consideration by the Swedish Academy, the award was finally awarded to Sully Prudholm .

However, the award of the Literature Award caused quite a lot of controversy at the time, because there was a great writer named Tolstoy .

Leo Tolstoy may be the winner of that year

Many people think that Prudholm is just a mediocre poet, but Feldman's explanation is that the members of the academy are more prefer Victorian literature , and Prudholm is very fond of them.

So it is not difficult to see that too subjective is an important factor affecting the award. The

Biomedical Prize was awarded to German physiologist and microbiologist Emil von Belling in the 1890s. In the 1890s, Belling developed antitoxin for the treatment of diphtheria, which saved many people.

Peace Prize was finally awarded to Swiss Jean-Henry Dunnan . Perhaps this name sounds a bit strange.

But he is the founder of the International Red Cross Movement and the initiator of the " Geneva Convention ".

Jean Henry Dunnan and his achievements

It is said that German technology performed strongly in the early 20th century, but considering Germany's behavior in WWII , many scientists missed the Nobel Prize during WWII.

In addition, Nobel Prize cannot posthumously award , so if you miss this village, you will not have this store, and you can only wait for the next amazing discovery.

Economics Prize was established in 1968. In order to celebrate the 300th anniversary of its establishment, the Swedish Central Bank donated a large amount of funds to commemorate the Nobel.

Nobel, as the founder of this award, has been making changes for science and human progress throughout his life.

is precisely because of such a group of scientists that the direction of human civilization is not just a simple invention or creation today. What’s more important is that it symbolizes every step of the entire human society towards the future.