Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: 184-589
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, heroes emerged together.
The unified civilization gradually split under the competition for many separatist forces.
From the Three Kingdoms to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Chinese Empire can only be described as "chaotic", but the important task given by the times to this history is "reconstruction".
Yellow Turban Rebellion , also known as Yellow Turban Rebellion , refers to the peasant uprising in China in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. There were two larger forms, namely the Yellow Turban Rebellion led by Zhangjiao and others in 184, and the civil unrest that occurred in 188 that was more scattered and difficult to conquer.
184 (Jiazi year), Zhang Jiao made an appointment with believers to rebel against the Han Dynasty on March 5 with the slogan "The sky is dead, the yellow sky should be established, the year is in Jiazi, and the world is lucky."
"Cangtian" refers to Eastern Han , and "Huangtian" refers to Taiping Dao. And according to the Five Virtues End and End theory, the Han Dynasty is fire virtue, fire produces earth, and earth is yellow, so all believers tied yellow turbans to mark the symbol of replacing the corrupt Eastern Han Dynasty.
Zhangjiao sent someone to write the word "Jiazi" on the government office as a memory. On the other hand, Ma Yuanyi sent to Luoyang to collude with eunuchs, wanting to cooperate inside and outside.
However, one month before the uprising, Zhang Jiao, a disciple named Tang Zhou , reported to Ma Yuanyi, the inner respondent from the capital. The officers and soldiers vigorously arrested and killed believers who believed in Taiping Dao, and killed more than a thousand people.
Because the incident happened suddenly, Zhang Jiao was forced to attack in February one month in advance, which is known in history as the Yellow Turban Rebellion or the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
Zhang Jiao called himself " General of Heavenly Duke ", Zhang Bao , Zhang Liang is the "General of Earth Duke" and "General of Ren Gong" in the northern Jizhou area, while Zhang Mancheng raised an army in Wancheng, while Bo Cai and Peng Tuo fought in Yuzhou .
Within one month, war broke out in all eight prefectures and twenty-eight counties across the country, and the Yellow Turban Army was unstoppable and was intimidating the capital.
1.1. Taiping Dao: 180
Taiping Dao, Chinese Eastern Han Taoist , the leader is Zhang Jiao.
Zhangjiao regards Huangtian as the supreme god, believes that Huangtian creates the world and creates human beings, and believes that Huangdi and Laozi , believes that the world during Huangdi was a peaceful world, and is the most beautiful thing for mankind. In this peaceful world, there is neither exploitation and oppression, nor hunger, cold, disease, nor fraud, and theft, and everyone is free and happy.
On this basis, Zhang Jiao proposed the ideal of "to achieve peace", which is also the basic doctrine and religious ideal of Taiping Taoism.
Taiping Road creation background: In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, politics was dark and people's livelihood was withered.
In the court, eunuchs and foreign relatives were intrigue and took turns to disrupt the government.
In the local area, powerful landlords and separatist warlords committed crimes, and suffered years of famine, resulting in the tragedy of "death sleeping with each other" and "people eat each other".
It was in this situation where the general public was suffering and had no way to survive that Zhang Jiao, a native of Julu, Jizhou, founded the Taiping Road, formed the Yellow Turban Army, and put forward the ideal of "to achieve peace", educating the people with good Taoism and overthrowing the dark reactionary rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty as their goal.
Zhangjiao believers were everywhere, and they launched the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and were suppressed by the court and died after years of war.
Taiping Taoism is one of the two major sects of early Taoism, and the other sect is the Five Doks of Rice Taoism.
During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, it was popular in the eight prefectures of Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan and Yu.
1.2. Lu Zhi: 184
Lu Zhi , with the name , Zigan , Zhuojun Zhuo (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province), a politician, military strategist, and scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and wrote "Shangshu Zhangju" and "Three Lises Interpretation" and all of them are lost now.
Lu Zhi has a strong personality and noble character. He studied under the Taiwei Chen Qiu , the great scholar Ma Rong, etc. He was the senior brother of Zheng Xuan, Guan Ning, and Hua Xin . He served as the prefect of Jiujiang and Lujiang, and suppressed the barbarian rebellion. Later, he collated classic Confucian books in Dongguan with Ma Riyi [dī], Cai Yong [yōng], etc., and participated in the continuation of "Han Ji".
During the Yellow Turban Rebellion, he was the General of the Northern Central Army. He led his army to fight with Zhang Jiao, and was later framed and imprisoned.
After Huangfu Song pacified the Yellow Turban, he tried hard to save Lu Zhi, so he was re-appointed as the Minister of State.
was dismissed from office because of his admonition. He lived in seclusion in Shanggu Jundu Mountain. Later, he was invited by Yuan Shao to be a military advisor.
In the third year of Chuping (192), Lu Zhi died.
During the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was granted the title of Liangxiang Bo during the Northern Song Dynasty.
North China famous general Gongsun Zan, as well as Liu Bei, later Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, were all disciples of Lu Zhi.
1.3, Beigong Boyu : 184
Beigong Boyu: One-piece " Beigong Yu " (or the name is Yu, the name is Boyu, not detailed).
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Qiang tribe civil rebellion was a leader, one of the warlords in Liangzhou, Huang [huáng] (now the Huangshui River Basin of Qinghai Province) Yiconghu (belongs to the Xiaoyuezhi).
In 184 AD, in order to respond to the uprising of the Taipingdao leader Zhang Jiao, he jointly launched a rebellion with the local tyrant Song Yang and others of Xiliang, and later recruited Han Sui, Bian Zhang and others into the gang.
In 187 AD, Han Sui launched a mutiny and killed him.
1.4. Huangfu Song: 184
Huangfu Song , whose courtesy name is Yizhen, was from Anding Chaona, Liangzhou (now Pengyang, Ningxia), a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China, son of Huangfu Jie, the prefect of Yanmen, and nephew of Huangfu Gui, the general of Liao.
Huangfu Song once participated in the quelling of the Yellow Turban Rebellion and became the Taiwei.
Huangfu Song was born into a family of generals and was initially cited as a filial and honest person and a talented person.
During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, Huangfu Song was conscripted as the Minister of the Secretariat and moved to the prefect of the Northern Territory.
After the Yellow Turban Uprising broke out, Huangfu Song and Lu Qiang submitted a memorial to lift the party ban and were awarded the Left General and led the army to suppress the Yellow Turban Army with Zhu Jun.
After the war, Huangfu Song was appointed as the General of Left Cheqi and Cavalry, and led the governor of Jizhou, and was granted the title of Marquis of Huaili.
After Huangfu Song took office, he submitted a request to reduce the taxes for the people of Jizhou for one year. Later, he was dismissed for offending the powerful officials Zhao Zhong and Zhang Rang and was renamed the Marquis of Duxiang.
In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Huangfu Song was appointed as the left general and defeated the rebels of the kingdom.
When Dong Zhuo was in power, Huangfu Song was framed by Dong Zhuo. Only after his son Huangfu Jianshou pleaded for mercy could he save his life.
After Dong Zhuo was executed, Huangfu Song became the general of the Western Expedition and destroyed his clan.
Huangfu Song served as General of the Chariot and Cavalry, Taiwei, Guanglu Dafu, Taichang and other positions in his later years.
In the second year of Xingping (195), Huangfu Song died and was awarded the title of General of the Cavalry.
During the Tang Dynasty, Huangfu Song was ranked 64 generals in the King of Wucheng Temple;
During the Song Dynasty, Huangfu Song was ranked one of the seventy-two generals in the Martial Temple, march 5march.
1.5, Zhang Jiao: 184
Zhang Jiao , from Julu (now Ningjin, Hebei), leader of Taiping Road and leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao obtained the "Hidden Qing Shu " (i.e. "Hidden Jing ") passed down by Yu Ji and others. He took religion as his mission to save the world, and used some of the religious concepts and social and political thoughts to establish the Taiping Dao with Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang, and preached around the beginning of Emperor Ling Jianning (168-172).
After more than ten years of hard work, Taiping Dao has developed into a Taoist organization with hundreds of thousands of Taoist disciples in eight prefectures, including Qing, Xu, You, Jing, Yang, Yan, Ji and Henan.
Zhangjiao called himself " great wise mentors ". He established a "party" for military and political integration according to the region, with a total of 36 parties. The leaders of all parties were called "Qu Zheng", which had a great influence among the people.
First year of Zhongping (184), Zhang Jiao took the slogan "The sky is dead, the yellow sky should be established, the year is in Jiazi, the world is very lucky", and he called himself " General Tiangong " and led the masses to launch an uprising, known in history as the "Yellow Turban Uprising".
Soon after, Zhang Jiao died of illness, and the rebel army was quickly suppressed by the Han Dynasty.
Zhang Jiao's Yellow Turban Uprising shocked the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty and directly led to the warlords' separatist and melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which then evolved into a three-legged situation. At the same time, it is also the first peasant uprising led by religion in our country's history. It has far-reaching historical significance and laid the historical pattern of Taoism's spread and development mainly in the lower class of society in the future.
1.6. Zhu Yi: 195
Zhu Yi, characters Gongwei, Kuaiji County people (now Zhejiang Shangyu), famous generals in the late Eastern Han Dynasty .
He once led his troops to quell the civil unrest in Jiaozhi at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Yellow Turban Rebellion.
Later he tried to attack Dong Zhuo but failed. After Dong Zhuo's death, he was summoned by the court and went to the Eastern Han Dynasty court under the control of Dong Zhuo's remaining troops such as Li Jue and others, intending to take back the power of the court from the generals by taking advantage of the opportunity of Li Jue and others to fight. However, during the battle between Li and Guo, he was forced to stay hostage by Guo Si [sì], and died of anger.
2. The heroes of the late Han Dynasty: 184-220
The heroes of the late Han Dynasty is the general term for the princes who ruled the land in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the empress dowagers such as Yan, Liang, and He had no political talents and virtuous character. They either had too much selfish desires or were indecisive, which made the power of relatives and eunuchs rampant in the court, and the government was declining.
After Emperor Ling of Han ascended the throne, he was addicted to wine and sex, and reused eunuchs. Finally, the Yellow Turban Rebellion that shocked the court and the country broke out in the first year of Zhongping.
In the process of attacking the Yellow Turban Army, local tyrants rose up and took the opportunity to separatist the country, thus forming a separatist trend of the princes at the end of the Han Dynasty.
The main characters of the heroes are: Gongsun Du , Liu Yu, Gongsun Zan [zàn], Yuan Shao, Cao Cao, Sun Ce, Yuan Shu , Liu Biao, Liu Yan, Zhang Lu, Tao Qian, Liu Bei, Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo, Li Jue, Ma Teng , Zhang Xiu, Shi Xie [xiè] and many other princes.
2.1, Liu Yu: 188-193
Liu Yu, characters Bo'an , native of Tan, Donghai (now Tancheng County, Shandong Province), the fifth generation grandson of Liu Qi, the son of Emperor Guangwu of Han, Liu Xiu, Donghai Gong, King Gong of Donghai, and Liu Qi, was successively the governor of Youzhou, the prime minister of Gan Ling, Zong Zheng, the Grand Sima, Xiangben [bēn] Hou and the Grand Tutor, and his son was Liu He.
Liu Yu is a royal relative with a very high reputation in contemporary times, with a gentle and kind personality.
In the fourth year of Chuping (193), Liu Yu gathered 100,000 people to attack Zan because of the increasing disagreement with Gongsun Zan. However, he was betrayed by Gongsun Ji. He was defeated by Gongsun Zan and fled to Juyong. He was eventually captured. He was slandered and rebelled by Gongsun Zan and then beheaded at Ji [jì].
After Gongsun Zan killed Liu Yu, he was criticized by many parties and lost the hearts of the people, and gave Yuan Shao an excuse to launch an army to attack.
2.2. Liu Biao: 190-208
Liu Biao (142-208), whose name is Jingsheng , is from Gaoping County, Shanyang County (now northeast of Yutai County, Jining City, Shandong Province). He is the ninth generation grandson of Liu Jiao, the son of Liu Yu, Liu Yu, [láng].
Liu Biao is more than eight feet long (about 1.86 meters), has a gentle and magnificent appearance, indecisive personality, but has the style of a Confucian.
He was a separatist warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and led thousands of miles of Jingchu. He was also one of the famous party and bribery scholars at the end of the Han Dynasty.
Liu Biao was well-known in the world when he was young and ranked "Ba Jun".
In his early years, he was appointed as the chief general He Jin and became a clerk [yuàn] and served as the chief clerk of the Northern Army.
descendants Wang Rui is " Jingzhou governor" , supplemented by Kuai [kuǎi] brothers, Cai Mao [mào] and others.
Li Jue and others entered Chang'an. Liu Biao sent an envoy to pay tribute and was appointed as "General of Zhennan , Jingzhou Mu , ban Become Wuhou , House , House , House ", House ".
During his time in Jingzhou, Liu Biao was kind and powerful, and he was able to induce others to be vigilant, so that the people could be convinced, and he also taught the scriptures and education, loved the people and raised the scholars, and calmly protected himself. He was in the distance with Yuan Shao, and was close to Zhang Xiu, and accepted Liu Bei. He had thousands of miles of bases and had more than 100,000 armors, and dominated Jingjiang. He first killed Sun Jian and then fought against Cao Cao.
However, Liu Biao was very suspicious of human nature, and was better than talking, and had self-confidence, but had no ambitions in all directions. Later, he even pampered his wife Cai, so that his wife Cai Mao and others could gain power.
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness.
Cai Mao and others abolished the eldest son and appointed the youngest son, and mainly expressed their sub-children.
Cao Cao fought south, Liu Cong surrendered to the state, and Jingzhou was then deceased.
2.3. Ma Teng: 192-212
Ma Teng , the name , lived to be a , was a military general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty in China, descended from Ma Yuan, a general in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. His father was Ma Ping as the county magistrate of Langan County. Later, he stayed in Longxi because of his loss of official position. Ma Teng was the father of Ma Chao, the military general of Shu Han, and there were two sons of Ma Xiu and Ma Tie .
Ma Teng is more than eight feet long, has a big body, a heroic face and a virtuous personality, and is respected by everyone.
In the late years of Emperor Ling of Han, Ma Teng was engaged in the army by the prefecture and county offices, and was in charge of his subordinates. He was moved to a general.
Liangzhou Governor Geng BiAfter the rebels were killed, Ma Teng, Bian Zhang, Han Sui and others initiated a joint incident in Liangzhou.
In the third year of Chuping (192), Ma Teng and Han Sui led their troops to Chang'an and were appointed as the General of the Western Expedition.
In the first year of Xingping (194), Ma Teng attempted to connect Shao and others to kill powerful ministers Li Jue and Guo Si, but was defeated by him and had to return to Liangzhou. He was pardoned and appointed General Andi. Later, he and Han Sui became brothers of different surnames.
In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Ma Teng became General of the Southern Conquest and opened his palace. After
, Ma Teng and Han Sui were in a quarrel and attacked each other.
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Ma Teng became a former general. He was granted the title of Marquis of Huaili and stationed in Huaili. After
, Ma Teng followed Zhang Ji's advice and entered the North Korea to serve as the guard of .
In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), his son Ma Chao rose up to resist Cao Cao.
th year, Ma Teng and his two sons were both killed by Cao Cao, and the three clans were destroyed.
2.4, Gongsun Zan: 193-199
Sun Zan , with the name Bo Gui [guī], a figure in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, a native of Lingzhi of Liaoxi, Youzhou, was once the General of the Central Army, was granted the title of Duting Hou, and the Governor of Youzhou. He worked with Liu Bei and Liu Deran .
When guarding western Liaoning, he fought with Wuhuan, Xianbei and others. He chose all the white horses as the vanguard and called himself " white horses Yiqu ".
At that time, Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to station in Yuyang City to resist Dong Zhuo. Yuan Shao sent Zhou Ang to seize the place where Sun Jian was stationed. Yuan Shu sent Gongsun Zan's relative Gongsun Yue and Sun Jian to attack Zhou Ang, but he did not win. Gongsun Yue died in the trap.
Gongsun Zan blamed Yuan Shao for his brother being killed, and fought with Yuan Shao for years in the north.
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), he was defeated by Yuan Shao. He first hanged all his sisters, wives and children to death, and then burned himself to death. When Gongsun Zan was burning himself, Yuan Shao's soldiers climbed the high platform where Gongsun Zan was located and beheaded him.
2.5, Lv Bu: 194-199
Lu Bu , characters Fengxian, Bingzhou Wuyuan County Jiuyuan (now , Baotou Jiuyuan District, Inner Mongolia), famous generals and warlords in the late Eastern Han Dynasty .
Lu Bu is famous for his bravery and is known as the "Flying General". There is a saying that "Lu Bu is among men and red rabbit is among horses". He has successively served for the generals of Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo . He also served for Yuan Shao . Later, he took advantage of Liu Bei to fight with Yuan Shu and occupied Xuzhou , forming his own power.
In the third year of Jian'an (199 AD), he was defeated and executed by Cao Cao in Xia Pi.
2.6, Zhang Lu: 194-215
Zhang Lu , whose courtesy name was Gongqi (" Later Han Book " was called Gongqi), his ancestral home was Feng County, Peiguo (now Feng County, Jiangsu), a warlord who separatisted the Hanzhong area at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is said that he was the tenth generation grandson of Zhang Liang, the Marquis of Liu of the Western Han Dynasty, and the grandson of Zhang Ling (Five Dou Rice Road) of the ancestor of the ancestor .
Zhang Lu is the third generation of Tianshi (known as the division master) of the Five Doks of Rice Path. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he successively attacked and killed the Hanzhong prefect Su Gu and other Sima Zhang Xiu and then seized Hanzhong, and spread the Five Doks of Rice Path here, and called himself "Shijun".
He Xiong occupied Hanzhong for nearly thirty years and later surrendered to Cao Cao, appointed as General Zhennan, and was granted the title of Marquis of Langzhong, with a fief of ten thousand households.
The 21st year of Jian'an (216th), Zhang Lu died and his posthumous title was "Yuan".
In the first year of Zhida (1308), the Emperor of Zhengyi was posthumously named "Zhengyi Master Taiqing Zhaohua Guangde Zhenjun".
Some people believe that Zhang Lu is the author of "Laozi Xianger Notes".
3. Reset the state governor-governor system: In 188 AD (the fifth year of Zhongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty), in order to strengthen the control of prefectures and counties and prevent the peasant army, the Eastern Han Dynasty changed the state governors in some important areas to state governors. As a result, "the state responsibility is important, and it starts from now on."
local separatist state began to appear.
3.1. Liu Yan: 188
Liu Yan , with the name Junlang ("Supplementary Notes on Huayang National Zhi School" Yundang's name Junlang), a native of Jingling, Jiangxia (now Tianmen City, Hubei Province), a descendant of Liu Yu, King Gong of Lu of the Western Han Dynasty (the fourth son of Emperor Jing of Han), was a warlord who ruled over the separatist warlords at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was appointed as the governor of Yizhou, Hou of Yangcheng.
The separatist forces he established as the state governor were the earliest batch of the Three Kingdoms era, and they lasted for a long time.
In the first year of Xingping (194), Liu Yan died of a sore on his back. His son Liu Zhang then took over the governor of Yizhou. It was not until his son Liu Zhang surrendered to Liu Bei in 214.
Liu Yanchu was appointed as the Central Secretary of the Han Dynasty, and served as the Chief of Luoyang, the Governor of Jizhou, the Prefect of Nanyang, Zongzheng, and Taichang. Later, because Yizhou Governor Xie Jian gathered heavily in Yizhou, and greed became a trend. In addition, the world was in chaos at that time, Liu Yan wanted to gain a place to settle down and control the country.
So Liu Yan asked the court to be the governor of Yizhou, enthroned the marquis of Yangcheng, and went to Yizhou to rectify the administration of [chì].
号【qiè】Jian was killed by the Yellow Turban Army. Liu Yan entered Yizhou and sent Zhang Lu to occupy Hanzhong. Zhang Lu cut off traffic and killed Han envoys. From then on, the roads between Yizhou and the central government were blocked.
Liu Yan further attacked local tyrants and consolidated his own power, so Yizhou was in a semi-independent state.
4. The battle between the Kanto coalition forces and the war against Dong Zhuo: 180-192
The battle between the siege of Dong Zhuo was a battle between the princes and heroes from all over the Kanto to organize local coalitions against Dong Zhuo in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Dong Zhuo, who was in charge of the government, abolished the young emperor Liu Bian, and supported his brother, King Chenliu Liu Xie, as the emperor, and implemented a terrifying rule.Seeing this, the heroes from various places in Kanto raised an army in the name of opposing Dong and elected Yuan Shao as the leader.
But in fact, only Cao Cao, Sun Jian and others actually fought with Dong Zhuo, and other troops only stationed troops without assistance.
Under Sun Jian's continuous attack, Dong Zhuo gave up Luoyang and moved the capital to Chang'an with the emperor. After
, the Kanto princes strife and the Allies broke up, forming a situation of separatist rule.
Since the court was nominally and actually controlled by Dong Zhuo, the open killings among the princes in various places were no longer controlled, and there was no need to use any name to make the separatist wars of the Three Kingdoms fully launched from then on.
4.1. Sun Jian: 190-192
Sun Jian (155-192), characters Wentai , Wujun Fuchun County (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province ), a native of the princes and generals of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Han defeated generals Wuchenghou, Yuzhou Governor, Changsha prefect .
history records his "extraordinary appearance, broad-mindedness, and curiosity".
According to " Three Kingdoms ", he claimed to be a descendant of the great military strategist Sun Wu .
The second son Sun QuanThe queen was reigned as Emperor Wu Lie .
"The Three Kingdoms" commented: "He is brave and firm, and he is lonely and resolute, and he is a little successful. He leads Wen and kills the mountains and mausoleums, and has loyalty and heroic spirit."
5. Yuan Shao: 190-202
Yuan Shao (154-June 28, 202), whose name is Benchu , from Ruyang, Runan (now Runan County, Henan Province), was a warlord and separatist force in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the heroes in the late Han Dynasty.
When he was at its peak, he controlled four prefectures such as Jizhou, Youzhou, Bingzhou, and Qingzhou. He became the general of the Eastern Han Dynasty and became the most powerful prince in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
However, after losing to Cao Cao in the battle of Guandu in the fifth year of Jian'an (200), his strength was greatly damaged and his vitality was severely damaged. Not long after, the Battle of Cangting in the sixth year of Jian'an (201), he was defeated again and suffered a severe blow.
In the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Yuan Shao died of illness after quelling the rebellion in Jizhou.
Yuan Shao is indecisive, lenient on the outside and timid on the inside, and has no vision. Many shortcomings in personality and judgment cannot withstand real challenges, and eventually lead to great destruction.
Yuan Shu, whose courtesy name is Highway, is from Ruyang, Runan (now southwest of Henan Shangshui ), the second son of Yuan Feng , and the younger brother of Yuan Ji , and Yuan Shao .
was initially tiger-bearing general .
Dong Zhuo After entering Beijing, he appointed Yuan Shu as the rear general. Yuan Shu ran away because of fear of disaster.
In the first year of Chuping (190), he raised an army with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and others to fight against Dong Zhuo together. After
, he opposed Yuan Shao and was defeated by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao. He led the crowd to Jiujiang and separatist Yangzhou .
became emperor in the second year of Jian'an (197), and established the title of Zhongshi , but it was not widely recognized.
After that, Yuan Shu was extravagant and debauchery, and levyed heavily, which made the Jianghuai area extremely destruction. Many people died of hunger and their subordinates were disintegrated. They were destroyed by Lu Bu and Cao Cao, and their vitality was severely damaged. Later, they vomited blood in the fourth year of Jian'an (199).
7. Cao Cao: 180-220
Cao Cao (155-March 15, 220), whose courtesy name is Mengde, his nickname is Jili, his nickname is Aman, his old surname is Xiahou, he was from Qiao, Pei State (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), a famous military strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the founder and main founder of the Wei State in the Three Kingdoms era.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos.
Cao Cao conquered the four sides in the name of Emperor Xian of Han Liu Xie, and eliminated the separatist forces such as the Second Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao, Han Sui, and others internally, subdued the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, etc. externally, unified the northern China region, expanded military farmland, developed water conservancy, rewarded agriculture and sericulture, attached importance to handicrafts, resettled refugees, implemented "rental and modulation", and promoted economic production and social stability in the Central Plains.
In the 18th year of Jian'an (213), he was granted the title of Duke of Wei, established the State of Wei, and established the capital of Yecheng.
In the 21st year of Jian'an (216th), he was crowned the King of Wei and rank above the kings.
Dietly in the 25th year of Jian'an (March 15, 220), he died with his posthumous title of Wu.
His son Cao Pi was appointed as the emperor and was posthumously awarded the title of Emperor Wu and the temple name is Taizu.
7.1, Qingzhou soldiers : 192
Qingzhou soldiers, Cao Cao collected 300,000 elite soldiers composed of the remnants of the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Party.
Yu Jin, Zang Ba and others have all led it.
This army has made many military achievements in many battles such as Guandu, Puyang, Wancheng, etc.
Cao Cao ordered Du Xi, Chen Qun and others to improve the military farming system so that the people could support themselves and the army.
Qingzhou soldiers are known as one of the most elite troops in the Three Kingdoms, as famous as Chen Dao's Bai'er soldiers and Gao Shun's trap camp. After surrendering, the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army had more than one million people, including the family members, and tens of thousands of strong and healthy people were compiled by Cao Cao to become a relatively independent "Qingzhou soldiers".
As for those Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army, which were not accepted as soldiers, they focused on agricultural production and used as rear supplies. The Qingzhou soldiers who were compiled were no longer the same as the previous refugee armed forces under Cao Cao's management, and soon they entered the battle.
7.2, Cao Song : 193
Cao Song , with the name Jugao , is from Qiao County, Pei State (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). He is Cao Cao's father and the adopted son of Cao Teng , the eunuch in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the eunuchs of Dachangqiu .
During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, he was promoted to Taiwei by buying official positions, and Taiwei ranked first among the three dukes.
The first year of Yankang (220), Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi succeeded to the Queen of Wei and posthumously respected Cao Song as the Tai King.
In the same year, Cao Pi ascended the throne and respected Cao Song as the Tai Emperor
7.3. Military farming system: In 196,
military farming system . After the Han Dynasty, governments used soldiers and landless farmers to cultivate wastelands in order to obtain military supplies or tax grains, including military farming systems, civil farming and commercial farming systems.
military farming began when the military farming in the Western Regions during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han , and was a military farming in the west.
First year of Jian'an (196 AD) Cao Cao adopted the suggestion of zaozhi [zhī] and Han Hao to recruit farmers to farm in Xuchang, and then obtained millions of hu of grain [hú].
was later promoted to various prefectures and counties, and the farmers recruited the people to farm and farm for the people.
People who work in military farming are exempt from serving military service and corvee , which is called "military farmer".
7.4. Use the emperor to command the princes: In 196,
uses the emperor to command the princes, is also called serving the emperor to conquer the emperor and conquer all directions. The most primitive meaning is to control the emperor and emperor , and issue orders to the world in the name of the emperor. The current meaning is to use the name of the leader to direct others to do things.
Because it was the Later Han Dynasty at that time, it can also be said that the emperor of the famous association, Liu Xie, went to order others.
When warlords were separatist and disputes broke out in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's power was not strong, far inferior to Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu and others, but in the end it was his son Cao Pi who was the first to call the emperor.
What laid a solid foundation for his hegemony was probably the political strategy of "using the emperor to command the princes" and the economic strategy of farming.
"using the emperor to command the princes" gave Cao Cao the political advantage, and the military farming gave him good reserves in economic strength, so that Cao Cao would have no worries in the eastern expeditions and western confrontations in the next few decades.
The battle of Cao Cao's attack on Yuan Shu, is a war of conquest and suppression against the Zhong family regime established by the Han Dynasty court initiated by the Han Dynasty.
Yuan Shu called himself " Emperor " and was regarded as a rebel.
This battle ended with Yuan Shu's defeat and Zhong's regime collapsed.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-