Mingyue's "What Things in the Ming Dynasty" wrote about Chongzhen's suicide in Coal Mountain, which ended abruptly, which made many people feel regretful. Although Chongzhen's suicide seemed to have ended, in fact, most of the areas south of the Huai River were still under the ju

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Mingyue's " What Things in the Ming Dynasty " wrote that Chongzhen that coal mountain suicide came to an abrupt end, which made many people feel regretful. Although Chongzhen's suicide seemed to have ended in the Ming Dynasty, in fact, most areas south of the Huaihe were still under the jurisdiction of Ming Dynasty . It had an army of nearly one million, but in the end it was still defeated by the Qing Dynasty, which was far less than its own. In the intervening gap between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty , Southern Ming , which had existed for 18 years, why did Mingyue not intend to get involved?

until I read the " Historical History of the Southern Ming " written by Mr. Gu Cheng, but I understood the reason. After the Qing Dynasty's cleansing, the history of the Southern Ming was subverted and submerged, making it difficult to see the true face of this history. There are too many puzzles in this history. We only remember a few familiar names: loyal ministers and righteous men Shi Kefa , national hero Zheng Chenggong , and the King of Chuang Li Zicheng . This history is vague and complex. With Gu Cheng's realistic "History of the Southern Ming" first, it is impossible to surpass it even if you write it. It is better to give up.

Gu Cheng is a recognized contemporary master of the Ming and Qing dynasties. "The bench is willing to sit on the bench for ten years, and the article is not written in a single sentence" is a true portrayal of Gu Cheng's history. Gu Cheng has formed a lifelong relationship with Ming History since he sorted out archives at the Ming and Qing Archives of the Palace Museum at the age of 26. After graduating from university, I began to study Ming history, and from then on, a long road to Ming history began.

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Fate goes around in circles, but Gu Cheng's love for Ming History has not diminished at all. His spare time is spent studying Ming History. His primary result is "Li Yan's Questions". During the long research process, the materials and basic arguments for this issue have long been formed. When it was published, it has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad due to its novel views and evidence-based arguments.

Then Gu Cheng published "History of Peasant Wars in the Late Ming Dynasty", which ended the fall of Li Zicheng's Dashun regime and Zhang Xianzhong's Daxi regime in Zhang Xianzhong's Daxi regime. A complete history of the Southern Ming Dynasty is unwavering.

However, the short history of the Southern Ming Dynasty has a wide coverage, the historical process and the connotations of the characters are mixed, and a large amount of information has been destroyed. The remaining information cannot be written directly due to various concerns. Gu Cheng has consulted a large number of archives, collections, private accounts, local documents, and even conducted on-site inspections. More than ten years after the publication of "History of Peasant Wars in the Late Ming Dynasty", "History of Southern Ming" was published by China Youth Publishing House.

Some people say that Gu Cheng has been sharpening his sword for ten years, but only Gu Cheng knows how much effort he has put into "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty", and has been reading materials in various libraries for decades. A steamed bun, notebook, manuscript is a day's preparation. The scale of historical materials that can be reviewed and recorded and copied has far surpassed the works of Southern Ming history that have been published at home and abroad.

But Gu Chengqian found out the truth and searched the information repeatedly. The chapters were changed again and again. After the "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty", the reference materials catalog included more than 500 pages. It is precisely this "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty", which has devoted all his life to life, that today we can read it so heart-wrenchingly, angering and griefing for his misfortune.

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Gu Cheng's " Historian of the Southern Ming Dynasty" came from the Dashun Army conquering Beijing, and the subsequent Qing troops entered Shanhaiguan to compete for the Central Plains, until the demise of the Kuidong Anti-Qing Base in the third year of Kangxi (1664). Emperor Chongzhen's Ming Dynasty in Beijing was destroyed, but the Ming government still controlled half of the Yangtze River and the banner of reviving the Ming Dynasty was unfolding in the south. However, "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty" is not limited to the succession of the throne of the Southern Ming Dynasty, but focuses on the evolution of the national situation and is divided into three lines: the survivors of the Zhu family dynasty and the Han bureaucratic group surrounding it. In the short time of the Southern Ming Dynasty, it was not united and fought hard to fight the enemy, but continued internal struggle, severe internal friction and dispersed, offsetting the anti-Qing forces; the Manchu nobles such as Dorgon and Fulin and other Manchu nobles in a relatively backward production mode, with very limited troops and reserve troops, and finally entered the Central Plains; the most important line is the remnants of the Dashun Army, the more than troops of the Dashun Army, and the more than troops of the Dashun Army, and the more than troops of the Dashun Army, and the more than troops of the Dashun Army.

Gu Cheng was angry at the last change of the Zhu family dynasty; Gu Cheng ruthlessly criticized the invading Qing ruler; and Gu Cheng gave a high evaluation of the peasant uprising army.

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The last Han dynasty in history, with the famous generals once in a century, Zuo Liangyu , Li Dingguo , Zheng Chenggong... have good luck again and again, but because of the bad roots of greed, power, jealousy in human nature, they are trapped in internal struggle again and again, not against the enemy, but against their own comrades.

The darkness of human nature that we can see from "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty" that Gu Cheng's subversive evaluation of some historical figures is Shi Kefa. The most classic one is Shi Kefa. As a national hero as Wen Tianxiang , Shi Kefa, who was as famous as Wen Tianxiang , was honest and dedicated throughout his life, and would rather die than surrender in adversity. He was trapped in Yangzhou and was isolated and helpless. He personally led his subordinates to defend the most dangerous area in Yangzhou and refused Duoduo's temptation to surrender many times.

In the absence of hopeless victory, Shi Kefa wrote a suicide note, arranged the funeral, went to the battlefield without hesitation, swearing to live and die with Yangzhou. After the city was broken, he wanted to commit suicide and was rescued. Facing Duoduo's inducement, he said, "the head can be cut off, but the body cannot be bent", and he was finally executed bravely.

Shi Kefa's unyielding spirit has always inspired future generations. The national integrity of treating death is worth learning from, but Gu Cheng does not think so. In his writing, Shi Kefa lacks talent and strategy, and his narrow ruling idea has led to the regime's choices being wrong again and again. In order to support the new king, he was indecisive, supported Lu and lords, and finally wanted to go to Guangxi to welcome King Gui , wanting to deal with it everywhere, but when he continued to suffer chaos, he eventually missed the opportunity, causing King Fu to ascend the throne, and the four generals formed a four-town pattern, laying the root of disaster for internal struggle.

In response to the issues of Li Zicheng and the Qing Dynasty, Shi Kefa advocated the adoption of " alliance to defeat the enemy ", hoping to use Manchuria's military power to consume Li Zicheng and wait for both sides to be injured and annihilated. This paper-style decision-making essentially led to the collapse of 's Southern Ming Dynasty .

The last Yangzhou defended the city, left his last words, and refused to surrender was Shi Kefa's final choice after he lacked consciousness of the enemy, and he was just obedient and peaceful, trying to balance the left and right but failed. He is a national hero and a mediocre, wrong, stubborn and timid bureaucrat.

Postscript:

How ridiculous should human nature be? Nanming, which could have turned the tables, was constantly internally consuming in such a complex struggle for human nature. Gu Cheng devoted himself to this humiliating history with such unwillingness. So as soon as his "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty" was published, it was sold out of print in 1997, and the old book website was hyped to four or five hundred copies. Fortunately, 25 years later, "History of the Southern Ming Dynasty" returned again, with a certain petal score of 9.3. Hurry up and collect a set of good medicines to cure hypotension, and ensure that he was excited after reading it.