"Shu Road is more difficult than climbing to the sky. ." Shu is located in Sichuan, my country. Not only is the people here simple, but it is also known as a "natural danger" by the ancients for its steep terrain and mountainous mountains.
One thrilling historical events have also occurred on this land.
Many people who are familiar with the history of the Three Kingdoms or have read "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" will be familiar with Shu Han. Whether it is the loyal and righteous Liu Bei or the resourceful Zhuge Liang , we have left a deep impression on us.
can determine that the world's regime needs "time, place, and people". The Liu regime has established its capital in Shu, and there are also heroes such as Kong Ming , Zhao Yun as ministers, which can be said to have all the advantages.
So why was it not Shu Han who ended up seizing the world, but Cao Wei ?
Shu Han initially had the ambition to unify the Central Plains and defeat Cao Wei. For this reason, Zhuge Liang carried out many northern expeditions. So why did Zhuge Liang lose more and win less?
In fact, it can be seen from the first Northern Expedition that A war caused Shu Han to lose 11 generals, which also indicates that this is a bad start.
The disadvantages of Shu Han
The overall advantages of Shu Han, however, are many advantages, but these advantages may also be transformed into disadvantages.
The most important one is that Shu Han has the smallest land area among the Three Kingdoms, and the population is also the smallest among all regimes.
According to statistics, even after years of development, the population that can be used as labor force is only 900,000, while the strong soldiers who can be called regular army are only 100,000,200.
Comparing the 13 million and 5.5 million of Cao Wei and Sun Wu during the same period, Shu Han, which is less than one million, is only one-some of the other two countries.
In the past, the army no longer relies on human sea tactics. The country focuses on developing high-tech weapons and corresponding talents.
In the past, the war was still in the cold weapon stage, so strong and powerful men became the key factor in whether they could win.
And Shu Han can be recharged as an army with a small population, so he is naturally at a disadvantage.
Secondly, there is a small land area, which causes not many available resources. At the same time, although Shu Han succeeds and fails, it is also "natural danger". The terrain of Shu Han is complex, and most of the available land is near the capital.
The steep mountains and basins are not suitable for grazing. In addition, the southwest region was not civilized at that time, so the scattered barbarian also became a major factor in dispersing the energy of the Shu Han regime.
Compared with Cao Wei, which occupied a large fertile land in the Central Plains and Sun Wu, which was conducive to trade in the sea, there were great problems in Shu Han in geographical location.
The last question is certainly unthinkable for many people, that is, Shu Han lacks talents.
You should know that in terms of talent, Shu Han is the place with the most reserves, so why is it now that it has fallen into a situation where "no one can be used"?
In fact, there were indeed many talents surrounding and assisted by Shu Han in the early stage, but with the development of time, these talents either died in battle or grew old. The new generation of strategists also realized the natural disadvantages of Shu Han, so most of them defected to Wei and Wu.
Moreover, the talents in the Shu Han court were gradually divided into two major sects. One was the " Jingzhou faction " mainly composed of Jingzhou people, and the other was the " Yizhou faction " mainly composed of people in the capital Yizhou. The two excluded each other in the government affairs.
even suppressed the other party by controlling the government's affairs in order to safeguard one's own interests, making the politics of Shu a mess.
Zhuge Liang could still suppress them a little while he was alive and manage the court in an orderly manner. However, with the death of a generation of strategists, Liu Chan was not a monarch with a political mind, which made the Shu Han court no longer as clear as it was back then.
The purpose of the Northern Expedition
Logically speaking, Shu Han had just founded the country, and what he needed to do now is to appease the people and develop the economy. So why did Zhuge Liang go the opposite path and choose to carry out the Northern Expedition that was exhausting the people and hurting the money?
On the one hand, it is because Liu Bei's lifelong wish is to support the Han Dynasty, and he never forgets this goal even before his death.
Zhuge Liang had a deep relationship with Liu Bei, and he also knew Liu Bei's desire to revive the Han family. Therefore, after Liu Bei's death, he inherited Liu Bei's last wish, and hopes that in his lifetime he could see the Han family recover again.
The second is to divert the contradictions in the court . The momentum of gangs between the courts was revealed when Zhuge Liang was alive. In order to balance political power, Zhuge Liang must make an action that can divert everyone's attention and bring people's hearts together.
The last reason is that Cao Wei is the strongest among all forces, which is why Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition directly attacked the most powerful Cao Wei. The reason why not choose Sun Wu, who has a greater chance of winning.
At that time, Sun Wu and Shu Han were both recovering their vitality. The difference between the two was not too big, , and Cao Wei had already dominated the Central Plains at that time .
If it continues to develop, it is likely that just like Qin in the Warring States Period, the six kingdoms could not be defeated.
So Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition seemed rash, but in fact he was far-sighted. In the background at that time, he had no other choice but to try his best.
This also makes us today admire his great wisdom.
The Northern Expedition failed
Zhuge Liang carried out 4 Northern Expeditions, the most powerful of which was the first Northern Expedition. Before this Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang also left behind the famous masterpiece " Memorial to the Army ".
Originally, the Shu Han army captured many important towns in Cao Wei along the way, but a failure disrupted Zhuge Liang's overall plan.
The failure is the Ma Su and Zhang He Jieting Battle . Jieting is located in the fortress and is a necessary way to connect other important towns. Only by successfully occupying can a defensive line that is easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Zhuge Liang did not expect that the experienced Ma Su and others would fail here, so the next plan could not proceed smoothly. This gave Cao Wei a chance to breathe and counterattack. The next few wars ended with the failure of Shu Han.
The last Northern Expedition also ended in failure. Moreover, this was not an ordinary failure. Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition could be said to have done his best to the whole country, and all the talents of Shu Han were dispatched together.
The result was not only bad, but these talents and troops were also severely damaged. There were as many as 11 famous generals who died in this war alone, which also led to the lack of successors of Shu Han talents.
So who are these people? answers are Yangqun, Yan Zhi, Ma Yu, Liu He, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Deng Tong, Ma Su, Li Sheng, Zhang Xiu, and the famous Zhao Yun.
The first few of them were sacrificed on the battlefield, and Ma Su, Li Sheng and Zhang Xiu were dealt with by Zhuge Liang with military law because of his failure in a critical war.
Zhao Yun himself did not die in the war, but because he was old and went through many battles, he eventually lost his energy and died of illness shortly after the war ended.
The death of Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang later also means that the replacement of Shu Han and even the entire Three Kingdoms is updated , and the Three Kingdoms in the new era is also completely different from that in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
The blessing of multiple disadvantages and the unavailable people, makes the demise of Shu Han and the dominance of Cao Wei inevitable.
However, although Cao Wei became the lord of the world, he was replaced by the Sima family who had been dormant for many years two generations later. Since then, the Jin Dynasty , which has been opened for hundreds of years, and , and Wei State also disappeared into the long river of history, which is also a joke for history.
Conclusion
In general, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was not a reckless act. If the Jieting war did not fail, then perhaps history would have rewritten from then on. Unfortunately, facts are facts, and history has no ifs.
Zhuge Liang may have realized this later, but because of his persistence in "the kindness of knowing the grace of knowing one's grace", Zhuge Liang carried out three more Northern Expeditions, which was amazing and touching.
Shu Han has failed and history cannot be replaced. The only thing that remains is the "Memorial of the Departure" with every word is still remembered.
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