Society always survives and develops on the basis of summarizing historical experiences and lessons. Ming Dynasty had the possibility of reform and development becoming adapted to the industrial and commercial economic system. The historical facts of the Ming Dynasty clearly pointed to this possibility; it may be conditional. Instead of denying this possibility, it is better to study the specific historical conditions that constitute the objective possibility of historical movement.
1, Hub
According to historical facts, the Ming Dynasty was in a period when the superstructure needed to adapt to the economic base change. The tragic historical lessons of the Ming Dynasty, which entered modern history, failed to handle the relationship between the economic base and the superstructure of industrial, commercial and taxation government, led to the defeat of the Suozhen Jiashen and the hilarious historical lessons of the Qing Dynasty entering the pass and returning to the ancient history should be correctly summarized. The economic foundation has sent a message of reform to the superstructure. The development of productivity is a factor of revolutionary progress. The industrial and commercial economy that cannot be suppressed by commerce policies has magically opened up the "Pandora Magic Bottle" or "Shangri-La" hub that affects politics, economy and society. The agricultural finance of the Ministry of Revenue established by Emperor Hongwu Zhu Yuanzhang is no longer enough to be used for the state (it is said that the original tolerance fee of a few coins of silver was also dozens of taels of silver); but the unregulated small treasury of industrial and commercial taxation can support the three major collections of Wanli and settle the holes of the agricultural taxation .
2, vicious circle
According to Chongzhen , after taking power, forced killing Wei Zhongxian abolished industrial and commercial tax and increased agricultural tax to force anti-peasants. Li Zicheng, who held the emperor's administrative responsibility, had a peasant uprising. Li Zicheng , under the call of the political program of "welcome the King of Breaking, the King of Breaking will not pay food when it comes." He led his troops to capture the imperial city and force Chongzhen to die. The emperor of the Dashun Dynasty became a wedding dress for the Qing Dynasty who entered the pass! History seems to have taken the path of cutting feet and walking on the right foot; is it the feudal dynasty that is over? It seems that it is not. After the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, it carried out a massacre, and the whole country was ruined, the people withered, destroyed, regressed and returned to poverty, and recovered the original low farming economy after dying, a new dynasty was established again. After the whole process of work and food was paid, agricultural taxation was restored, and another low-level cycle began; all these seem to show that the rise and fall of political and economic forces had the possibility of variables in the direction of history!
3, a history. If the people of ancient China were too obsessed with the emperor's dream, the emperor owned absolute power privately; even from 1522 to 1566, there was such a shrewd 0,000-shou Emperor (successfully became the emperor for 45 years); he was also scolded by Hai Rui : Power is privately owned by the emperor of the Zhu surname, and you should not let the minister take responsibility for the exercise of power. Hai Rui, who scolded the emperor like this, was highly praised by people.
History proves that if we want to continue the prosperous Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen could not be the emperor, and Li Zicheng could not be the emperor; according to the political correctness of the feudal dynasty, Wei Zhongxian, who was the powerful and eunuch, was nailed to the pillar of shame, but the anti-Qing generals of the Southern Ming summed up historical experiences and lessons, but shouted loudly, "If Wei Zhongxian does not die, the Ming Dynasty will not die" and cursed the Donglin Party people who ruined the country. Is it true (according to the "sound of wind, rain, reading, The Donglin Party members who were concerned about family affairs, state affairs, world affairs, and everything was concerned about" revealed the historical information of criticism. Tianqi Emperor When the Ministry of Households resisted tax reform, secretly authorized the eunuch Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch of the Lijian, to collect industrial and commercial taxes, which was indeed contrary to the ancestral system; Wei Zhongxian sent people to inquire about the wealthy industrial and commercial majors who abused their power and wanted to add crimes. Why did they rush to rush to the emperor's orders and confiscations were indeed evil? The Donglin Party members chose to scold Wei Zhongxian to protect the imperial throne and emperor's reign)? \It seems that there is still no light when I pressed my treasure on Wei Zhongxian!
If Chongzhen did not force Wei Zhongxian to kill, or even if he abandoned Wei Zhongxian but did not abolish the industrial and commercial tax, it would really lead to a reform drama; instead of letting power be unrestricted, the Donglin Party members who spoke for the industrial and commercial class would inevitably require the inclusion of industrial and commercial taxation policies in the Ministry of Revenue regulations. Isn’t this a Magna Carta similar to the British restricting royal power?
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