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China has a history of more than 5,000 years, among which the feudal dynasty closest to modern society is Qing Dynasty . Whether the Qing Dynasty's rulers brought progress or backwardness to China, it has little to do with our modern life in nature, and the wheel of history has not stagnated because of this.
But from the internal affairs and diplomacy of the rulers in this history, their civil and military skills, personal charm, cultural character, and even their own family affairs, carefully savor the reasons. If your imagination is rich enough, this information is actually a ticket to take you through time to ancient times.
1. The young throne Kangxi
Emperor Kangxi was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. At the age of eight, he ascended the throne early due to changes in Emperor Shunzhi . Fortunately, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang is also a very powerful politician. With the blessing of his emperor's grandmother and the support of four auxiliary ministers, he succeeded to the throne and had already taken power at the age of fourteen.
If it were today, most of the 14-year-old children were still in the rebellious period of youth. All indicators show that this emperor is not an ordinary person.
reigned for sixty years and was considered an emperor for a long time in the reign of the emperors of various eras, and the country gradually became steadily and vigorous under his rule.
It can be said that Emperor Kangdi was the founder of " Kangqian prosperous ". From the perspective of population base alone, it was precisely because Emperor Kangxi laid a good foundation that a superpower with a population of 300 million during the Qianlong period was established.
Although some problems arose in his later years due to the issue of the heir to the throne, his evaluation of him in historical materials and some film and television materials is still very high, and he is known in history as the "Eternal Emperor".
Emperor Kangxi spent his entire life working hard for the future of the Qing Dynasty, quelling civil strife, expanding his territory, regaining Taiwan, and learning Western technology. Compared with other emperors of the Qing Dynasty, the rank should be the highest.
2. Emperor Kangxi's merits
handles powerful ministers Obai . Oboi was the first obstacle before Emperor Kangxi took power. At this time, Oboi was like Emperor Shunzhi facing Dorgon , with great martial arts skills and outstanding achievements. He had a lot of power in the court, which directly affected Emperor Kangxi's right to speak.
Loyalty or rebellion is all in one thought. Oboi's great achievements are overwhelming, and the court is at its peak. He must be reluctant to give up his desire for power, and naturally he holds tighter and tighter his hands.
If Oboi can choose to retire at this time, he will definitely be prosperous and prosperous in the second half of his life, and the next generation can continue to serve the country.
Finally, under the planning of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang and Emperor Kangxi, Oboi was eliminated, and the transfer of military and political power was completed. However, Emperor Kangxi did not kill Oboi, but imprisoned him for life. This pattern is worthy of being called the "Eternal Emperor".
suffocated the Three Feudal Rebellion. "Three Feudal " refers to Pingxi King Wu Sangui, Jingnan King Geng Jingzhong and Pingnan King Shang Kexi.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, these three The generals of the Ming Dynasty helped the Qing Dynasty overthrow the Ming Dynasty and unify the world, the country handed over the three remote places to these three generals to manage.
did not bring any burden to the country at the beginning. Many years later, small groups developed to a certain number and experienced a qualitative change, which became a burden and threat to the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi began to be in charge of politics at the age of eight. He was well aware of the interests of the court and the local government. He once said: "Since I have been in charge of politics, I have regarded the Three Feudatories, the River Affairs and the Water Transportation of , and I have been reciting it all day and night. I have written it and hung on the pillars of the palace." .
So after dealing with Oboi, Emperor Kangxi couldn't wait to remove the burden on the country.Immediately afterwards, Wu Sangui killed the imperial officials and took the lead in resisting.
However, in the end, history still stood on the side of Emperor Kangxi, although the country paid a heavy price and finally completed the actual management rights of the southern provinces.
Recover Taiwan. From November 21, the 12th year of the Kangxi reign, Wu Sangui rose up and rebelled. By October 29, the 20th year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui's grandson could not stand it and committed suicide for this life. The Three Feudal Rebellion lasted for eight years, and the country and the people were affected by the war.
But just two years later, in the 22nd year of Kangxi, he was preparing to recover the last political armed force of the former Ming Dynasty. According to the ordinary idea, is the country still still rich after the war?
But why did Emperor Kangxi start a war again in just two years?
The reason for this is that it can be said that "pacifying the Three Feudalists" gained huge economic value for the Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, these three vassal kings actually gathered wealth for Emperor Kangxi for many years, and were finally harvested by the state.
The three defeated vassal kings must be like Oboi. Lao Xie regretted not handing over power earlier, lamenting that the young man was afraid of knowing why he had to be the first.
This makes the country rich to attack Taiwan. Based on this data, it can be said that Emperor Kangxi’s ability to integrate resources is not ordinary.
Taiwan has a small area and a small population. In addition to natural danger, it is not very strong in attack. Emperor Kangxi used Hanchen Shi Lang to attack Taiwan, and finally recovered Taiwan, completing the unification of the territory.
defeated the external invasion. The cause and effect of the Sino-Russian Nebuchun Treaty was entangled with Galdan from the very beginning.
As early as the 25th year of the Kangxi reign, the Qing Dynasty had already won the Second Jaxa War. It was considered to have controlled the border dispute in advance for the relationship between the two countries. The always strong side of Tsarist Russia also sent a delegation to actively request negotiations.
In this regard, Emperor Kangxi set the principle for the negotiation leader Suoetu that territorial issues will never be concessions, and that if the negotiation fails, continue to fight. In the Qing Dynasty, if Junggar and Tsarist Russia started a war, the burden would be too long. In ancient times, it was a battle of food and grass and soldiers. It was not a wise choice to start a war.
Compared with Galdan, Galdan can only be considered one province after all, and only internal unity can have the strength to fight against external countries. In fact, Russia is going to war with Turkey at this time, and they dare not easily start a war on both ends, and both sides are afraid of being afraid of them.
After signing the " Treaty of Nibchu ", the situation in the Northeast temporarily stabilized. Emperor Kangxi was finally able to let go of a decisive battle with Galdan.
Emperor Kangxi once led the army to personally conquer Galdan twice, and killed him in front of the formation, dealing with most of the main forces of Junggar, laying a solid foundation for Emperor Qianlong to completely eliminate Junggar.
Emperor Kangxi’s regrets
It is really hard to write about Emperor Kangxi’s faults here, because the achievements he made were pioneering at the time. Such great achievements and great achievements are also understandable with some mistakes and regrets, but the causal relationship is worth our repeated learning.
Construction and government management. In the late period of Emperor Kangxi, most of the rebellious forces were subdued. As he grew older, Emperor Kangxi's own spirit and physical strength were also declining year by year. The thoughts of feudal monarchs were all over the world, and it was reasonable to build a courtyard that he liked and to circle a garden that was hunting.
Changchunyuan , Summer Resort, Mulan Waichang and other settings will be prepared for construction accordingly.Spending a lot of money on entertainment facilities has affected the recovery of the national economy after the war in a certain way, and also gave the rebel forces in the Northwest Grassland and Qinghai a chance to breathe.
exile Dai Zi , missing the wizard. There was a strange man in the Qing Dynasty who liked to study guns and cannons. Dai Zi invented the world's most advanced firearm at that time, with better power and accuracy than those in foreign countries.
There is no specific reason for the information so far. Why did Emperor Kangxi ignore Dai Zi and his gun technology? If he really pays attention to it and vigorously develops gun technology, it may change China's history.
Kangxi is also a rare academic emperor in Chinese history. In addition to Confucianism, he also studies geometric arithmetic, astronomy, geography, , meteorology, , geology, , geology, , geology, mechanical engineering, animals, plants, medicine, and philosophy. This aspect is as puzzling as gun technology. Emperor Kangxi personally likes it but for some reason it has not been implemented nationwide.
may be from the perspective of feudal emperors, and there are many factors that rule the world. I am worried that the people will not be able to manage it if they know too much. In fact, most of the people who rebelled in all dynasties had no food to eat, and the inability to survive was the subjective factor of the rebellion. However, this is also the manifestation of the narrowness of the feudal system.
In his later years, corruption was rampant. This is a mistake that many saints will make. In the early stage, they work hard to govern and build a country. The country is booming. In their later years, they become older and lack energy, so they will relax. Because of Emperor Kangxi's fatigue in administration in the late period, a large number of corrupt officials were produced. The problem left to the Emperor of Yongzheng is that a group of tiger and wolf brothers are against each other, hindering the implementation of the new policy. A large number of corrupt officials deceived their subordinates and concealed their superiors and emptied the national treasury. Fortunately, Emperor Yongzheng turned the tide with his iron-blooded force, making the national treasury full year by year.
How foreigners evaluate Kangxi
In the early Qing Dynasty, China was the most vast, most prosperous, and most populous empire in the world at that time.
" Global History " Evaluation: "Kangxi had reason to be so confident. The Qing Empire was the most powerful and richest country in the world. Even those pretentious European visitors had to admit this ."
In the European cultural circle at that time, China's political and economic systems were the objects that all European countries should learn and imitate. Emperor Kangxi was the most perfect monarch and a model of all European emperors.
Until On the eve of Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese did not know what changes had happened in China. In the eyes of a large number of Japanese people, the Qing Dynasty still belonged to the Supreme Kingdom of the Celestial Empire, just like during the Tang Dynasty.
Conclusion:
Emperor Kangxi accepted the traditional Confucian idea, governed the world with "benevolence and filial piety", was open-minded, used Han officials, spent a lot of money to build water conservancy, unify the country, and reform the Nanshufang.
effectively alleviates the conflicts between Manchu and Han ethnic groups, stabilizes the situation in the court, rests and rescues national strength, and strengthens the actual control of the four borders.
Let’s put the situation when Kangxi ascended the throne. It’s a mess, the political situation is unstable, and there are crises on all sides. It would be great if other emperors did not ruin the country. Whether it is a civil or a martial arts master, Emperor Kangxi should be the first-class imperial ruler.
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