Qiao Guanhua is a famous diplomat in our country. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 1970s. His talent was deeply appreciated by Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong once said that his articles were worthy of two tank divisions and gave him a nickname " Qiao Master ". After the founding of New China, Qiao Guanhua lived up to Mao Zedong's high expectations and experienced diplomatic tasks such as the 26th UN General Assembly, 1972 Sino-US relations negotiations, leaving behind touching stories for future generations.
913, Qiao Guanhua was born in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. He was admitted to the Department of Philosophy of Tsinghua University in 1929. Since then, he has studied in Japan and Germany. After the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Qiao Guanhua, who was studying hard in Germany, could no longer sit still, and he resolutely returned to his motherland the next year.
When he was young, Qiao Guanhua came to Hong Kong in October 11938 and was the editor-in-chief of the Current Evening News. He wrote a large number of editorials under the pseudonym " Qiaomu " and a pen as a knife, which caused a strong response in Hong Kong and even the mainland. Mao Zedong, who was far away in Yan'an , also heard of his name.
Once, Mao Zedong was walking and said to the central leadership comrades around him: "Have you read an article written by a man named 'Qiaomu' in Hong Kong? His article is good! It has analysis and courage, and the article is like a thousand troops. I see that an article he wrote is equivalent to two tank divisions!"
939, Qiao Guanhua joined the Communist Party of China in Hong Kong. In 1942, Qiao Guanhua came to Chongqing and under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, he hosted the "International Column" of " Xinhua Daily ". With a larger platform, his "Qiaomu" became even more famous.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Zedong went to Chongqing for negotiations. Qiao Guanhua met Mao Zedong for the first time, but he did not expect that he would cause a "personal name lawsuit" because of the pseudonym "Qiaomu".
It turns out that among Mao Zedong's entourage, there was a person that Qiao Guanhua was very familiar with. He was Mao Zedong's secretary and Hu Dingxin, who was known as "a pen within the party" in Yan'an. Hu Dingxin is also from Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, and is a fellow villager of Qiao Guanhua. What’s more coincidental is that Hu Dingxin’s pseudonym is also “Qiaomu.”
Hu Dingxin
Previously, because Hu Dingxin was in Yan'an and Qiao Guanhua was in Chongqing, people were used to calling Hu Dingxin "Bei Qiao" and Qiao Guanhua called "Nan Qiao". But now Hu Dingxin has also come to Chongqing. "Nan Qiao" and "Bei Qiao" often publish articles in the Xinhua Daily under the pen name "Qiaomu". In this way, colleagues often confuse their articles. Everyone hopes that one of the "Er Qiao" will change the pseudonym to reduce the trouble caused by the duplicate name, but neither of them is willing to give up.
In order to convince Hu Dingxin, Qiao Guanhua took the initiative to say his reason: "My surname is Qiao! Besides, I am 1.83 meters tall. Isn't it a tall tree? My surname is Qiao's name 'Qiaomu', isn't it natural?"
Hu Dingxin was not willing to be outdone: "The reason why I went to Yan'an was named 'Qiaomu' because I signed 'Qiaomu' when I published a literary commentary in Shanghai " Current Affairs News " 10 years ago. It was obvious that I, the 'Qiaomu', was registered first!"
Both of them had their own reasons, and no one was willing to give in. Fortunately, Hu Dingxin followed Mao Zedong back to Yan'an soon after, and the debate came to an end.
But after the founding of New China, both "two Qiaos" came to Beijing to work. This "personal name lawsuit" that had been "stumbling" for four years broke out again, and finally alarmed Mao Zedong. So Mao Zedong called the "two Qiao" over and decided to "de-name" them himself.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong first asked Qiao Guanhua: "What's your name before?"
Qiao Guanhua replied: "Guanhua."
Mao Zedong made the final decision: "This name is very good. From now on, you will be called Qiao Guanhua, and your surname is still Qiao."
Mao Zedong said to Hu Qiaomu again: "As for 'Bei Qiao', you originally had a surname, Hu, and you can restore the surname Hu, so you will be called 'Hu Qiaomu' in the future."
"Nan Qiao" left his surname and "North Qiao" left his name. This is indeed a wonderful method. Both Qiao accepted Mao Zedong's "arbitration". Later, Mao Zedong also wrote a special limerick to express his love for "two Qiaos": "In ancient times, there were two Qiaos of big and big, and now there were two Qiaos of north and south..."
December 26, 1964, this day was Mao Zedong's birthday. He invited several advanced models from the grassroots level, including Dong Jiageng, a typical figure who went to the countryside. Mao Zedong asked him during a meal: "Where are you from? ”
Mao Zedong and Dong Jiageng (first right)
Dong Jiageng replied: “ I am from Yancheng, Jiangsu. "
Mao Zedong asked again: "You are from Yancheng, northern Jiangsu. Do you know that Yancheng has 'two Qiao'? "
Dong Jiageng didn't understand what Mao Zedong meant. He thought for a while and said: "We have many bridges in Yancheng, and there are more than two bridges! "
Mao Zedong saw that Dong Jiageng did not understand, so he added: "'two Qiao', they are both good at writing articles. "
Dong Jiageng used to love composition when he was in school, so he immediately understood. He said: "It was Hu Qiaomu and Qiao Guanhua. " Mao Zedong nodded happily.
However, compared with "Qiaomu", Mao Zedong prefers to call Qiao Guanhua "Master Qiao", which was the nickname he took for him after he first met Qiao Guanhua in Chongqing. After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong called Qiao Guanhua many times in front of others, and he not only spoke Chinese, but also skillfully said to foreigners in English "My dear lord Chiao".
973, after Qiao Guanhua and Zhang Hanzhi got married, he accepted Zhou Enlai's suggestion and moved into the Zhang family compound from his residence. After Mao Zedong learned about this, he couldn't help but tease Qiao Guanhua and said, "This time, Master Qiao, you really got into the sedan chair! "
Qiao Guanhua and Zhang Hanzhi
In May 1970, Mao Zedong was preparing to issue a "May 20" statement titled "People around the world unite and defeat American imperialism and all their lackeys." Zhou Enlai first asked a few people to draft it, but the manuscript was written over and over again, but Mao Zedong was still dissatisfied. Finally, Zhou Enlai handed over the task to Qiao Guanhua.
Qiao Guanhua locked himself in In the dormitory, while drinking Moutai liquor , it was conceived. It took only more than an hour to think about it. Then Qiao Guanhua called the secretary, and he dictated while drinking, and asked the secretary to record it word by word. A first draft was soon released. Then Qiao Guanhua drank again while revising the manuscript. After a few hours, a bottle of Moutai liquor drank more than half, and the manuscript was also corrected.
After reading Qiao Guanhua's manuscript, Mao Zedong said with great satisfaction: "The manuscript is written with momentum and literary style, which is much more colorful than the previous manuscripts. "
Mao Zedong knew that Qiao Guanhua liked to drink some wine when writing articles, so he asked him with a smile: "Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems on wine. How much Maotai wine did you drink after writing this article? "Zhou Enlai next to
also smiled and said, "Not a bucket, at least there is a bottle!" ”
Qiao Guanhua replied with a smile: “Only half a bottle. ”
Qiao Guanhua
11 On October 25, 2019, at the 26th General Assembly of United Nations held in New York, USA, the General Assembly passed resolution 2758 with an absolute majority of 76 votes in favor, 35 votes against and 17 abstentions, restoring The People's Republic of China in the United Nations and all its functions The legal seat of the United Nations. Soon after, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Wu Dan, sent a telegram to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, inviting our country to send a delegation to attend the 26th United Nations General Assembly. That night, Zhou Enlai asked Mao Zedong for instructions: "I temporarily came up with an idea, and let Xiong Xianghui take a few people to the United Nations first, as advance personnel, understand the situation on the spot and make preparations. ”Mao Zedong smiled and said, “That’s not necessary! Didn’t the UN Secretary-General send a telegram? We will send a delegation. ‘Master Qiao’ knows several foreign languages, can write articles, and has good eloquence, so let him be the leader."
Zhou Enlai fully agreed with Mao Zedong's opinion, because Qiao Guanhua, who was the vice minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at that time, had grown into a rare diplomat in the New China. It was of great significance and far-reaching significance to make Qiao Guanhua appear on the international stage of the United Nations for the first time on behalf of the New China.
Qiao Guanhua was extremely excited after learning that he had led a delegation to attend the United Nations General Assembly. At that time, Qiao Guanhua's wife and assistant to the Foreign Minister Gong Peng had just passed away. Qiao Guanhua didn't care about grief and immediately devoted himself to the preparations.
1. November 8, 2019 was the day before the delegation set off, and Mao Zedong was in person. Zhongnanhai met Qiao Guanhua and others. He made three requests about the content of Qiao Guanhua's speech at the conference:1. We must settle the accounts. If we have not allowed us to join the United Nations for so many years, the Chinese people and the people of the world have a strong spirit. Mainly the United States, followed by Japan, they must point their names;
2. We must talk about the changes in the world situation since the founding of the United Nations. A country must be independent, a nation must be liberated, and a people must revolution, which has become an irresistible historical trend;
3. We must talk about our basic attitude towards international issues. We must promote the Five Principles, and all countries are equal. China belongs to Third World . We must never be a superpower, oppose big powers bullying small countries, and strong powers bullying Insulting weak countries, no country is allowed to manipulate the United Nations.
When the delegation set off the next day, Mao Zedong asked members of the Politburo, alternate members, and heads of party, government and military departments in Beijing to go to the airport to see him off. The reason why Mao Zedong set the specifications so high shows that he attached great importance to the Chinese delegation's participation in the United Nations meeting and also had high hopes for Qiao Guanhua.Qiao Guanhua did not disappoint Mao Zedong's expectations. His wonderful speech at the UN General Assembly won praise and admiration from international diplomats and even diplomats from hostile countries.
qiao Guanhua (first from left)
On February 21, 1972, US President Nixon visited China. After several days of intense talks, the visit of the top leaders of China and the United States achieved significant results, which became a good start for the restoration of normal relations between China and the United States. Nixon visited China and Assistant for National Security Affairs Kissinger negotiated on how to publish the Sino-US Joint Communiqué.
The most difficult and difficult problem in the communiqué is the expression of the Taiwan issue. Qiao Guanhua put forward the wording:
The United States hopes to resolve the Taiwan issue peacefully, and will gradually reduce and eventually withdraw all US armed forces and military facilities from Taiwan.
But Kissinger disagrees with this statement, insisting that withdrawal should be regarded as a goal. Both sides had their own opinions and had a talk for several days in a row, but no one could convince the other.
Until the afternoon of February 25, Kissinger first said: "We agree to separate the ultimate goal of withdrawing all troops from the two issues of the United States' willingness to gradually withdraw from the army during this period, and do not put this in one sentence for expression."
Kissinger
Qiao Guanhua immediately showed interest in Kissinger's statement. After thinking about it, he said: "I think this can be made to change the 'prerequisite' of 'peaceful resolution of the Taiwan issue' to 'prospect'. This suggestion seems to be more positive and can better show the opinions of both sides."
"Prospect" is just a wish, and "prerequisite" is a condition. The difference in this word cleverly and resolutely blocked the conditions that the United States imposed on China on the Taiwan issue. Kissinger also agreed that the negotiations finally made a breakthrough. Not long after, Mao Zedong saw the final draft of the communiqué, and he expressed his satisfaction and approved the publication.
Afterwards, Kissinger sighed privately, "Jiao Guanhua is a very talented person and it is really hard to deal with!"
But when the experts of the US State Department still thought it was not perfect enough, they picked out 15 "problems" from it and proposed a list of modifications.Kissinger had no choice but to come to Qiao Guanhua on the evening of February 26 and filed a request to revise the communiqué.
It is less than 24 hours before the official publication of the communiqué, so why do you still have time to discuss it again? Qiao Guanhua said to Kissinger seriously: "Revising the communiqué is of great importance, and I must ask Premier Zhou for instructions."
Zhou Enlai immediately realized the seriousness of the problem after listening to Qiao Guanhua's report. He said to Qiao Guanhua: "Guanghua, the significance of the Sino-US Joint Communism lies not only in its text, but also in the immeasurable significance behind it. We agree to the modification, but we cannot give up the principle that we should adhere to. This matter is of great importance, so we must ask the Chairman."
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai immediately picked up the phone and reported to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong instructed on the other end of the phone: "Except for the Taiwan issue, I cannot agree to modify the other parts."
So Qiao Guanhua immediately rushed to Diaoyutai State Guesthouse and consulted with Kissinger again. After careful discussion, at 2 a.m. on February 27, the revised draft communiqué was finally completed.
htmlOn December 28, the world-renowned "Shanghai United Communiqué" was officially announced. It can be said to be Qiao Guanhua's hard work.
It is precisely with Mao Zedong's care and cultivation that Qiao Guanhua can grow into the first generation of diplomats in our country. The touching stories between them will be remembered forever by future generations!
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