At 9 pm on February 20, 1953, on a warship on the Anqing River, several PLAs were arranged in an orderly manner, and welcomed a burly and energetic leader, who was Chairman Mao.

Introduction

At 9 pm on February 20, 1953, on an warship on the river Anqing , several PLAs were arranged neatly, and a burly and energetic leader was Chairman Mao.

The prefectural party secretary Fu Dazhang, who had just arrived, accompanied Chairman Mao into Anqing City . Here, Chairman Mao suddenly remembered, isn’t Chen Duxiu’s hometown Anqing?

"Who else is Chen Duxiu's family?"

Fu Dazhang worked here for many years and knew best. He said: "Chen Duxiu has a son named Chen Songnian . He moved bricks in a brick kiln. Life is very hard. I heard that he sold all the old houses in Beijing!"

Picture | Chairman Mao

"What? Is Chen Duxiu's place to live in Beijing? Or is it the former editorial department of " New Youth "?" Chairman Mao asked in surprise.

Fu Dazhang said: "It should be."

Then Chairman Mao sighed and said: "Why is this? You can take care of your life if you have difficulties..."

After this inspection, according to Chairman Mao's instructions, the United Front Work Department of the Anqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China subsidized Chen Songnian's family of 30 yuan a month, which has been spread in the local area for decades.

Chen Duxiu’s family is full of loyalty and martyrs

Speaking of Chen Duxiu, Chairman Mao said that Chen Duxiu was a contribution. He was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement back then.

Not only that, Chen Duxiu's family was full of loyalty and martyrs. Not only did his two sons become martyrs, but even his lifelong confidant, Mr. Li Dazhao, also died heroically.

When he was about 5 years old, Chen Yannian was sent to a private school and had excellent grades in Anqing Primary School. At that time, Chen Duxiu was running in the revolutionary cause and rarely went home. When Chen Yannian was a child, she wanted to go out of Anqing like her father and go out to explore outside.

, Chen Duxiu, who has always attached importance to children's education, agreed to bring the two children to Shanghai. That year, Chen Yannian and his younger brother Chen Qiaonian left their hometown and came to Shanghai to see the world. Chen Yannian was admitted to Zhendan University with excellent results.

As the two children grew up, Chen Duxiu knew that it was time for them to accept revolutionary ideas. Under the influence of his father, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian gradually grew from a child who "lack of recognition of truth and fallacy" to an intellectual who "can only win the revolution".

In order to make the children more determined about the truth of the revolution, Chen Duxiu encouraged his two children to study in France. At that time, in the team working in France, in addition to the two brothers Chen Qiaonian, Cai Hesen and Zhou Enlai were also among the others.

It was also the legendary experience in France that gave Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian a preliminary understanding of Marxism, and their thoughts were greatly improved. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, Chen Yannian wrote a letter to Chen Duxiu, hoping to join the Communist Party of China as soon as possible.

From leaving his hometown to working part-time in the law and law to returning to the motherland, Chen Duxiu has never slacked off in the education of his children. In 1925, Chen Yannian and his brothers returned to Shanghai and held important positions within the party.

Photo | Martyr Chen Yannian

Zhou Enlai, who returned from studying abroad at that time, served as the director of the political department in Whampoa Military Academy , Chen Yannian served as the secretary of the district party committee and the director of the organization department of the Beijing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China.

At that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated with to push the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement to a climax. In order to launch the revolutionary movement and set an example, they often wore workers' clothes to work with workers in their factories to popularize revolutionary ideas.

From 1925 to 1927, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian publicly expressed their support for the Communist Party many times, especially after the "Zhongshan Ship" incident in . After the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chen Yannian served as the Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, but was unexpectedly arrested by the people.

Chen Yannian was determined to die, hoping that his younger brother could overcome the difficulties. After the enemy used all the torture, he still refused to surrender. He insisted on the secret of the Conservative Party and did not say a word.

In early July 1927, Chen Yannian was taken to the execution ground by the enemy, saying that he would give him another chance, but Chen Yannian still refused to surrender. He said, "The revolutionaries are open and honest, and they are ready to die." He was unwilling to die on his knees, and chose to sacrifice while standing, and was eventually killed by the enemy.

Chen Yannian's wish to die was to hope that his younger brother would be safe, but his fate was impermanent. Not a year ago, Chen Qiaonian was unfortunately arrested. He and his brother suffered the same torture, and his will was the same as his brother. When his friend came to visit him, he burst into tears. Chen Qiaonian said: "What are you crying? I just received a few whips, what's that."

Before his sacrifice, Chen Qiaonian shouted: "Let our descendants enjoy the happiness that our predecessors have overcome all obstacles!"

Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian are Chen Duxiu's favorite two sons. When he learned that they died, Chen Duxiu was in pain because he received bad news together, and Comrade Li Dazhao also died heroically.

Chairman Mao’s mentor

Shouchang died, Yannian died... Except for Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, the Party Central Committee has no reliable people, I am also lagging behind and older, and the Central Committee holds a meeting, what can I do? I am not willing to be led by others, so why should I make everyone disperse without success?

Whenever people see Chen Duxiu's life in his later years, people feel sad. This person who devoted his entire life to the country is so miserable in his later years.

But Chairman Mao never forgot this mentor who had a significant impact on his life.

1918 A young Mao Zedong graduated from a normal school in Hunan. According to the students' ideas, everyone wanted to study abroad, but Mao Zedong comprehensively considered the opinions of his mentor Yang Changji and decided to stay in China and go to Beijing to develop.

Picture | Young Mao Zedong

Yang Changji once studied overseas and valued Mao Zedong very much. He told Mao Zedong that foreign knowledge is nothing more than that, and he can still learn in his own country, and his own country needs talents even more.

Finally, with the recommendation of Yang Changji, Mao Zedong came to Peking University to work as a librarian in the library. It was this insignificant job that changed Mao Zedong's life.

First of all, he met Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, who were famous in the country at that time. As early as when he was studying in Hunan, Mao Zedong read "New Youth" sponsored by Chen Duxiu many times, and was inspired and even submitted manuscripts to this magazine.

After Mao Zedong came to work in the library, he couldn't put down this job. He was immersed in the ocean of reading all day long, and even did not go home at night. He lived in the library to read at night. His enthusiasm for learning attracted Li Dazhao, the director of the library.

Li Dazhao has always cherished talents. After he took the initiative to say hello to Mao Zedong, he realized that this young man who loves reading is exactly what Mr. Cai Yuanpei said about Mao Runzhi.

"Runzhi, your learning spirit is no worse than any Peking University student." Li Dazhao's high evaluation of Mao Zedong was realistic.

pic | Li Dazhao

Mao Zedong told Li Dazhao that he had never seen so many books in Hunan. He used to think that the library in Hunan was already big enough, and now he has never read the books here.

At that time, Li Dazhao subconsciously believed that this young man was incredible in the future. His love for books and his desire for knowledge were far superior to that of some young people at Peking University.

In order to carefully cultivate Mao Zedong, Li Dazhao introduced him to Chen Duxiu. At that time, Chen Duxiu was a famous liberal arts master at Peking University. After reading several articles written by Mao Zedong, he sighed: Runzhi is a great talent!

During several communications, the careful Chen Duxiu found that although Mao Zedong loved reading, he still had a slight understanding of Marxist books. Mao Zedong said: "I have only read a small part of Marxism and the Communist Party's program in Hunan."

Chen Duxiu sorted out these books and handed them to Mao Zedong, and told him to ask questions that he didn't understand.

Picture | Young Mao Zedong (fourth from left) in Beijing

Mao Zedong loves reading and studies carefully. When he encounters something he doesn't understand, he asks Chen Duxiu in time. Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao are good at temporalizing. They found that Mao Zedong had a strong ability to absorb knowledge and even had the ability to remember everything he saw.

In order to make Mao Zedong worth the trip, Chen Duxiu introduced Mao Zedong to Shao Piaoping , Lu Xun, Hu Shi and other famous teachers. Although Mao Zedong came here to find a job , but he can make an exception to attend courses at Peking University, and his name is becoming more and more popular at Peking University.

According to the Peking University Daily, in the list of students of the Shao Piaoping Journalism Research Association, Mao Zedong was in almost every class.

Not only that, Mao Zedong would also come to ask for advice. Shao Piaoping's wife later recalled:

"Sometimes Shao Piaoping took a nap, and Chairman Mao was waiting in the living room. He was polite. Shao Piaoping affectionately called him "Runzhi". At that time, Chairman Mao was an employee of Peking University and was approachable. He came to my house and was very polite. He called Piaoping a gentleman and called me Master Shao. "

Chairman Mao also confirmed this. He said that during his time at Peking University, except for Mr. Lu Xun, he had basically seen it and patiently asked questions and experiences.

pic | Shao Piaoping

in the summer of 1919, Mao Zedong had to return to Hunan because his mother was seriously ill. When Mao Zedong returned to Peking University, Li Da Zhao and Chen Duxiu were already planning an earth-shaking event, that is, establishing the Communist Party of China.

Although it was only a few months at Peking University, under the guidance and education of Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong grew from an graduate to a qualified Marxist. Chairman Mao later recalled: "At that time, I thought I had become a Marxist in the true sense. ”

1921, after the founding of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong actively organized the development of party members in Hunan, and he became one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China.

A few years later, Mao Zedong led the team to lead the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising , and then went to Jinggangshan to establish the first rural revolutionary base. When Chen Duxiu learned about all this, he felt very happy. Thank you. After the "Zhongshan Ship" incident, Chen Duxiu was withdrawn from the position of the supreme leader in the party. The reasons were relatively complicated, but he was very optimistic about Mao Zedong, but he slowly withdrew from politics.

Especially after he learned that his two children and Li Dazhao were both sacrificed, he was even more in pain.

In fact, Li Dazhao was Beiyang government wanted, but Li Dazhao believed that he still had a lot of work in Beijing, so he insisted on staying. Later, he was unfortunately arrested. Mr. Li Dazhao was the first to go to the gallows and went to the public generously at the age of 38.

and Chen Duxiu chose to stay in Jiangjin and spend his old age. His good friend Hu Shi invited him to the United States, but he politely declined. The Kuomintang also invited him to serve in the Kuomintang, but he still refused.

Photo | Chen Duxiu's friends, from right: Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Cai Yuanpei

In fact, he could go to the United States like Hu Shi, but he did not, because he thought he was still a Communist Party member, and Chen Duxiu was an independent person, which was unquestionable.

On May 27, 1942, Chen Duxiu spent his life in Jiangjin in poverty at the age of 63.

was the last stage of the Anti-Japanese War. Chairman Mao was very sad when he learned of his mentor's death in Yan'an . He specifically mentioned at several conferences that in the report of the "Seven Work Policies", Chairman Mao bluntly said: Chen Duxiu "is the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement". He created the party and made contributions!

Chairman Mao cares about Chen Duxiu's descendants

On February 20, 1953, Chairman Mao arrived in Anqing, Anhui. The Secretary of the Prefectural Party Committee Fu Dazhang went to greet him specifically. Anqing is a historical city. Fu Dazhang introduced everything here to Chairman Mao.

After a while, Chairman Mao asked, "How many years has Anqing have in history?" Although Fu Dazhang was very knowledgeable, he still dared not say much in front of Chairman Mao, so he described it roughly. Chairman Mao smiled and said, "You are a revolutionary person. How can you do it without understanding history? You need to study the famous places and historical sites here."

It is said that there is a " Duxiushan " here, which is considered a famous attraction here.

Chairman Mao naturally thought of Chen Duxiu. Chairman Mao said, "Is this the hometown of Chen Duxiu?"

Fu Dazhang said, "Yes, yes, Chairman."

Chairman Mao nodded and fell into memories. He said, "I was a librarian at Peking University. After I met Chen Duxiu, I wrote better articles to He saw that he also modified it for me and was very good to me. "

Thinking of the past decades ago, Chairman Mao asked again: "Who is there in Chen Duxiu's family now?"

Picture | The second left is Chen Songnian

Fu Dazhang said: "I heard that there is an old mother with a son named Chen Songnian, who is in Anqing The brick kiln is moving bricks. There are several children in the family, with low income and life is quite difficult. It seems that they sold a courtyard house in Beijing. "

Chairman Mao immediately asked: "Is it where Chen Duxiu lives in Beijing or the editorial department of "New Youth". "

" should be."

Chairman Mao sighed: "Why bother, why buy it? Where is the house? If you have difficulties, you can subsidize the place! Chen Duxiu has contributed to the revolution. When I was at Peking University, he had the greatest influence on me. "

Speaking of this, Chairman Mao seemed even more sad. He told Fu Dazhang that after Chen Duxiu was released from prison, Chairman Mao sent someone to do Chen Duxiu's work and asked him to make a statement admitting his mistake and could return to the party, but he refused.

Speaking of this, Chairman Mao said: "His family can be properly cared for by the government, and if there are any difficulties, they will help solve them. His two children are martyrs, and his family should be treated as martyrs' families."

This time Chairman Mao was inspecting the light industry in Anqing, but when he learned about the difficulties of Chen Duxiu's descendants, Chairman Mao was very moved and felt very sad.

After Chairman Mao left, Fu Dazhang went to learn about the lives of Chen Duxiu's descendants, and finally decided to subsidize Chen Songnian's family for 30 yuan every month. At that time, 30 yuan was enough for the family to live.

After learning about this, people in Anqing praised Chairman Mao for his kindness and kindness. He always remembered his mentor and repayed his grace with a drop of water.

Chen Songnian never dreamed that the 30 yuan subsidy for him by the local government was ordered by Chairman Mao. After hearing the news, he burst into tears. There was a statue of Chairman Mao hanging in his home, and he had to wipe it clean every day so that his children would not forget Chairman Mao’s kindness.

From 1953 to Chairman Mao’s death, and even in 1990, this money has been subsidized every month. Chen Songnian said in an interview with reporters:

"This money has helped me with great difficulties. Three of my four sons have been admitted to university. If it weren’t for the 30 yuan per month, the children would not be able to afford to go to school at all."

For Chen Songnian, this may have been life-saving money, but Chen Songnian felt that his family situation had improved and he would not have to be subsidized anymore. The children had gone to college and didn’t have to worry.

In his later years, Chen Songnian wrote a letter to the government, hoping that the money would not be given again in the future and that the subsidies could be given to comrades in need. However, the local government did not dare to make decisions and reported to the central government immediately.

did not expect that the relevant departments not only did not accept Chen Songnian's suggestions, but instead added another 30 yuan on the basis of 30 yuan, which is a monthly subsidy of 60 yuan.

A staff member told Chen Songnian that this was a command by Chairman Mao, and it was also the concern of the Party and the government for Chen Duxiu's descendants.

Chen Songnian said movedly: "I feel ashamed of it. I have never made any contribution to the country!"

The only thing he can do is to educate his children, enter society as soon as possible, contribute to society, keep in mind Chairman Mao's teachings and kindness, and be a pioneer of the times.

Generation after generation, Chen Songnian educated him in this way.

pic | Genealogy of the descendants of Chen Duxiu's children

Now, although Chairman Mao has passed away, the story of his concern about Chen Duxiu's descendants has been circulated as a beautiful story throughout Anqing, and generations have been deeply inspired.

This also shows that Chairman Mao is grateful and seeks truth from facts, regardless of whether he treats revolutionaries or history. The Communist Party will not forget anything that has made contributions to the country and the party.

Chairman Mao, how great! It is always worth remembering by future generations.