Who defended Esztergom Castle in Hungary from the Mongols in 1241? The siege of Esztergom took place in the winter of 1241. After the Mongols' hard-fought but decisive victory at the Battle of Moshi, Batu Khan laid siege to Esztergom, the capital and largest and richest city of t

2024/05/1404:04:33 history 1171

Who defended Hungarian Esztergom Castle from Mongolian attacks in 1241?

The siege of Esztergom took place in the winter of 1241. After the Mongols' hard-fought but decisive victory at the Battle of Moshi, Batu Khan laid siege to Esztergom, the capital and largest and richest city of the Kingdom of Hungary. Most of the information about the siege and its aftermath comes from the chronicle of Roger of Maggioretta, bishop of Valadere.

The Mongolian army attacked the walls of Esztergom using catapults and trebuchets. When the Hungarians in the city realized it was coming down, they burned the houses down along with large quantities of dyed fabrics and any other valuable goods. While the rest of the city was sacked, the castle was captured, a fortress commanded by Simon the Knight of Aragon.

Two modern chroniclers tell the story of Simon and his family's arrival in Hungary. Ákos claims that this lineage came to Hungary in the company of Queen Yolanda of Courtenay, who became the second wife of King Andrew II of Hungary in 1215. , married to the powerful Lord Benedict, son of Corat. As part of her inheritable dowry, she received the estates of Nagymarton in Sopron County (today's Mattersburg in Austria ) and Bajót in Esztergom County. When she died childless sometime between 1221 and 1230, her wealth—Bayot and Najmaton—was inherited by Simon. This laid the foundation for the social rise of the Hungarian Maotoni family.

By the 1230s, Simon belonged to the king's innermost circle. He served as Ispan of Győr County from 1232 to 1234. When the Mongols invaded Hungary in the spring of 1241, Simon played an important role in the following months. Both Simon and Bertrand took part in the Battle of Moshi on 11 April 1241. Thereafter, when Bela IV and the royal family fled to Dalmatia, Simon was one of the noble barons who organized an armed resistance against the Mongols in 1241-1242.

Simon commanded the garrison of Esztergom Castle. In early 1242, the Mongols crossed the frozen Danube , hoping to plunder Hungary's richest territory in addition to hunting King Beira. Batu Khan decided to attack the Hungarian capital Esztergom in January 1242. The invaders attacked the walls of Esztergom with 30 catapults and trebuchets. While the rest of the city was sacked, Simon and his soldiers successfully defended the castle. The Mongols were repulsed again and again, and Bishop Roger noted the effectiveness of Simon's crossbowmen ("balistarii") in causing great damage to the Mongol armies. Batu lifted the siege and marched west, leaving Esztergom behind.

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