See from " Meng Hua Lu "
How did the ancients cope with
The rotation of the four seasons and the change of solar terms
Recently, the TV series "Meng Hua Lu" has become popular
Since its inception, a certain score of
has been steadily at 8.5 Scores above
have become rare in recent years
A costume drama that has gained both word-of-mouth and ratings
The popularity of this drama lies not only in
the vivid interpretation of the plot and characters
but also in the "acting"
The fireworks of the Northern Song Dynasty Tokyo Bianliang
How prosperous is Bianliang ?
Visiting the night market, ordering takeaways
Drinking cold drinks, doing manicures
...
The life that modern people take for granted
The ancients are not the same. 》
The background of the era is just as the title of the film indicates. It is derived from the Qingming Shanghe Garden in Kaifeng/Jiao Xiaoxiang, which is known as the "Encyclopedia of Folklore of the Northern Song Dynasty", "Tokyo Meng Hua Lu". The more than 10,000 words of "Tokyo Dreams"
All aspects of people's lives in the Song Dynasty
slowly unfolded in a vivid way...
What is "Tokyo Dreams"
The title of the play "Menghuas" It comes from Meng Yuanlao's notebook prose "Tokyo Menghua Lu" written by Meng Yuan in the Song Dynasty. The description in the book covers the layout of the city, rivers and alleys, shops and stalls, food and daily life, etc. It is called the text version of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" .
Most of the records in this book are about the situation of Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, from Chongning to Xuanhe. It describes the daily life of the princes, nobles, and common people living in Tokyo during this historical period. It is an important historical document and ancient book for studying the urban social life, economy and culture of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Scenes from the TV series "Meng Hualu"
"Along the River During the Qingming Festival" (part)
Who would have thought
"Tokyo Meng Hualu" also has a larger length
describes how people at that time responded to the changes in the four seasons and changes in solar terms. Scenes that appear from time to time
reveal the weather wisdom of the ancient Chinese
. The Northern Song Dynasty on the tip of the tongue?
Let’s start with the eating that everyone is most concerned about.
The first episode of the TV series "Menghualu" starts with the teahouse opened by the heroine Zhao Paner, which introduces all kinds of tempting refreshments and snacks. But Gu Qianfan, the male protagonist from Bianliang, was dismissive, thinking that the countryside could not compare with the prosperity of Tokyo.
The fruit box in the TV series "Tokyo Dreams"
Back in "Tokyo Dreams", the 30,000-word book actually mentioned more than a hundred shops, of which restaurants and restaurants accounted for more than half. The book introduces in detail nearly 100 kinds of street food and snacks of the Song Dynasty, including meat, pasta, cakes, seafood, fruits, as well as various kinds of snacks, desserts, cold drinks, and snacks. Therefore, some people jokingly called it "Menghua Snacks".
It is worth mentioning that the author clearly stated that Bianliang people eat different things in different seasons.The book says:
"
Summer Moon Ma Fu chicken skin, hemp powder, plain sugar, ice and snow cold yuanzi, crystal horn, raw submerged papaya, medicinal papaya, chicken head sugar, mung beans, Licorice Ice and snow cold water, lychee paste, cantaloupe melon...
Although it is windy, snowy and rainy in the winter months, there are also night markets : ginger black beans, mouzang, red silk crystal clams, fried liver, clams, crabs, Walnuts, zezhou 駧, odd beans, goose pears, pomegranates, chazi, quince, 獍獍5, dumplings, salted black bean soup and the like. At midnight, there will be people selling tea in bottles.
"
Take the night market as an example. Not only is it open from daytime until midnight, the food provided in winter and summer is also very different. In winter, there are plates of rabbit , wild duck meat, pig offal, etc.; in summer, the delicious foods sold include mafu, plum ginger, lettuce, sweet candies, etc.
A famous dish of the Song DynastyCrystal clams is a translucent lump food made of finely chopped fish and meat fragments with seasonings, cooked and frozen. It is so called because it is as transparent as crystal. Picture/Kaifeng City Local History Research Laboratory
The most noteworthy thing is naturally the cold drinks in summer, as many as a dozen types are mentioned in the book.. In the Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin specially set up the "Ice Well Service" to be responsible for the development of cold drinks for the palace. With the development of commerce and the advancement of ice-making technology, in the Song Dynasty, not only princes and nobles, but also ordinary people could buy cold drinks on the street and drink the refreshing "Happy Fat House Water". "Tokyo Menghua Lu" even records that in Kaifeng Mansion, vendors who "lined up beds and stools in the street and piled ice and snow" were often seen.
Song Dynasty's "Internet celebrity" snack ice snow cold yuanzi, glutinous rice balls wrapped in soybean flour, put into milk with ice
ancient refrigerator, "bingjian"
Northern Song Dynasty in solar terms!
In fact, eating is just an abbreviation coined by people in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Tokyo Menghualu", from Volume 6 to Volume 10, details and vividly describes the daily life and customs of Bianliang City from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, spanning four seasons, and records in detail the life of the ancients in different solar terms. From this, it is not difficult to get a glimpse of the "weather wisdom" of the ancients in adapting to the rotation of the four seasons.
The Beginning of Spring
"The Beginning of Spring" is one of the twenty-four solar terms. On the day before the beginning of spring, Kaifeng Mansion will present spring cattle to the palace to "whip the spring". "Bian Chun" is also called "Dachun". In ancient China, the country was founded on agriculture, and cattle were naturally the mainstay of farming. Spring whips represent the arrival of spring and the beginning of farming. "Tokyo Menghualu" records that on this day, the court would reward some close ministers with spring dishes and wine; private households also used spring dishes to reward each other.
The spring plate was originally called " Five Spicy Plate ". Wash and tear the leeks, coriander, coriander, etc., but do not cut them. Arrange them in a nice shape on the plate, and then mix them with the garlic and garlic pickled on the day of Laba. buckwheat head , finally insert an incense stick in the middle of the pile of vegetables, and stick a paper flower on the top of the incense stick.
At the same time, Bianliang, which has a strong commercial atmosphere, has not ignored the agricultural significance of the beginning of spring. The book says:
"
One day before the beginning of spring, Kaifeng Prefecture brought spring oxen into the ban to whip the spring. In Kaifeng and Xiangfu counties, spring oxen were placed in front of the mansion. The solstice was extremely early, and the officials of the government brought spring, just like the rites of Fangzhou. The government In the front and left, people sell young spring cattle, often decorated with flowers and sitting on the fence, with various characters from various operas, spring flags snow willows, each offering a legacy to each other.
″
After the beginning of spring, when the weather is fine in early spring, everyone rushes out of the city. Outing! The book says:
"
After the lights were turned off, everyone rushed out of the city to explore the spring.Next time, the fields are full of spring, the weather is warm and clear, thousands of flowers are blooming, the white walls are thin with willows, the streets are covered with slanting cages, incense wheels are rolling warmly, the grass is like grass, the cavalry is arrogant, the apricot blossoms are like embroidery, and the orioles are singing in the fragrant trees. Swallows dance in the clear sky...
"
The early spring scene depicted in "Tokyo Dreams and Flowers" is heart-warming. Translated into vernacular, it is: "The wheels slowly roll over the spring light, and the earth is full of grass. The horses pulling the carts neigh softly in spring, and the apricot flowers blooming on the roadside weave into a beautiful scene. "
Qingming
The Qingming solar term originated in ancient times, and it gradually became folk customs and festivals after the Song Dynasty.
"Tokyo Menghualu" recalls that the Qingming Festival in Tokyo is very lively, and every Qingming royal family has to visit the mausoleum. It is a custom, and people also have the habit of sweeping new graves. Ancestor worship is only a ritual part of the Qingming Festival. During the Qingming Festival, gatherings and outings are the most important programs. People often go to beautiful places in the wild, Enjoy the feast.
Exploring spring in the paintings of the Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty Ma Yuan's "Spring Journey on the Mountain Path" Picture/China Art Newspaper
The book says:
"
The fields are like a city, often under the fragrant trees or in the gardens. In between, they arranged cups and plates to encourage each other.
Festival Market sells thick cakes, wheat cakes , cheese, milk cakes and the like. Slowly enter the capital gate, the setting sun controls the willows; return drunk to the courtyard, the bright moon pear blossoms. The imperial guards from all armies formed teams and straddled their horses to have fun, which was called "falling feet". Its flags are clear, its army is majestic, its men and horses are elite, and it is a unique scene.
”
This kind of banquet often lasts for a day and ends in the evening. When they disperse, people carry cooking cakes, flowers, fruits, theatrical utensils, etc. Merchants also take this opportunity to sell wheat cakes, cheese, milk cakes and other food.
Beginning of Autumn
In the Beginning of Autumn in Bianliang, the streets are full of vendors selling catalpa tree leaves and various fresh dates. The book says:
"
On the Beginning of Autumn, catalpa leaves are sold all over the street, including women and children. Cut it into patterns and wear it. In this month, melons and fruits are in full bloom, and there are several types of jujubes in the capital: ling jujubes, yajujubes, Qingzhou jujubes, and Bozhou jujubes.
”
People in the Song Dynasty, both men and women, loved hairpins. The picture shows the man with hairpins on his temples in "Picture of a Merchant" by the Southern Song Dynasty painter Su Hanchen/China Art Newspaper
However, at this time, thousands of miles away in the south, it was a different story. On this day, every household picks up watermelons to "eat autumn". "Capital Chronicle" records the custom of southerners at that time: "On the day before the beginning of autumn, eating watermelons is called "eating autumn". "
The vast territory, climate differences make the autumn season different in the north and the south. After the beginning of autumn in the north, the temperature difference between day and night becomes larger, the green leaves gradually turn from red to yellow, and the melons and fruits are fragrant and ripe. After the beginning of autumn in the south, the heat is still hard to get rid of. Summer fruits such as watermelon and cantaloupe are still in abundance at this time.
Every year at the beginning of autumn, with the maturity of fruits and vegetables, many places in the south have also entered the most prosperous season of autumn sunburning. Autumn sunburning is a typical agricultural custom. , with strong regional characteristics
Beginning of Winter
After the Beginning of Autumn, the weather gradually turned cold. The book records that everyone from high-ranking officials to ordinary people in the city began to prepare to keep warm and keep out the cold. That is, "The prime ministers have been clothed in brocade jackets." There are "charcoal for heating stoves" and so on. When the beginning of winter begins, people in the north will stock up on vegetables to prepare for the long winter months.
The book says:
"
It is the fifth day before the beginning of winter, and winter vegetables are brought into the Western Royal Garden. The ground in the capital is cold and there are no vegetables in the winter months. From the imperial palace to the people, they are temporarily collecting them for food throughout the winter. So the roads were filled with carriages, horses and camels.
”
The south is entering the winter month. Although there is no shortage of fruits and vegetables, southerners are more afraid of the cold. Therefore, on the winter solstice, there has been a folk saying of "beginning of winter to nourish the winter". Lamb, ginger duck and other meats are A favorite cold-warming delicacy for southerners.
Winter Solstice
Winter Solstice is one of the earliest solar terms among my country's "Twenty-Four Solar Terms". The biography of "Xia Xiaozheng", the earliest existing agricultural almanac in my country, says about the Winter Solstice: "Yang Qi" "Start moving at the solstice". It means that the winter solstice represents the extreme point of coldness, but in the extreme yin, yang energy also sprouts. In the Song Dynasty, the winter solstice was one of the "three major festivals" along with New Year's Day (i.e. Spring Festival) and cold food. It was a national statutory holiday, which shows that people at that time attached great importance to this festival.
On the winter solstice , the emperor would hold a great ceremony in the southern suburbs. People in the Song Dynasty said that every three years of age would visit the suburbs. That is, the emperor's southern suburbs held it every three years, and the ceremony in the southern suburbs was special. The ceremony was grand and solemn, and the people rushed to watch it. There is a record in the book of "driving to the suburban altar to salute":
"
Along the imperial road for dozens of miles, there were daily scenes, noble houses and watchtowers, decorated with colorful scales. There is little free space.
”
Every year when there is a great ceremony in the southern suburbs, the imperial court will "teach the elephants" in Xuandemen Square two months in advance, that is, train the elephant fleet. After training, "the elephants will arrive in front of Xuande Tower, and the number of steps will be reduced." Make them face the north and worship, and they can also sing "Hey" . People with real estate around Xuandemen Square can "sell scalper tickets" at this time and invite people privately to watch the elephant taming exercise. "All relatives and clan members , noble family, watch it privately if you hook up." .
Northern Song Dynasty's "Winter Baby Play Pictures"
The winter solstice is regarded by the ancients as the coldest time of the year, and ordinary people's celebrations are mostly based on the expectation of food and clothing. The book says:
"
November is the winter solstice, and this festival is the most important in the capital. Even if you are extremely poor, you will accumulate a lot of money in a year. On this day, you can wear new clothes, prepare gourds and food, and enjoy the sacrifices to your ancestors. Officials are released and closed, celebrating the comings and goings, just like the New Year.
”
By the way, the “Guan Po” mentioned in the article is similar to the modern “blind box”, which is a lottery game with real objects as the prize.
And rich people’s methods of celebrating the winter solstice are also different. In particular, they She has a unique preference for snowfall. The book says:
"
In a wealthy family, they would hold a banquet when it snows, mold snow lions, and install snow lanterns to meet old friends.
”
Yes, you read it right, the ancients were so exaggerated when playing with snow. Instead of building a simple snowman, they would build a snow lion and come out to play...
A TV series
If it is outside the plot
also Can arouse people's interest in exploring traditional culture
Then, it must have its value
The old Kaifeng City
came from "Menghualu"
It tells about
Human fireworks in the night market
Spring plowing in the solar term Winter Hide
Did you hear it?
