Chinese classical garden and formal beauty are intertwined.
This is not difficult to see the relationship from the analysis of the location selection, construction, mountain and water processing, plant configuration, aura processing, etc. of the four famous Chinese classical gardens. The ancients are used for the present, and the traditional essence is absorbed into today's landscape design.
The combination of geography and formal beauty is the quality that our landscape designers today must possess, and is an important part of recreating a natural and harmonious living environment.
1. The relationship between Chinese garden geography and formal aesthetics
Geography is Feng Shui.
Pan Guxi pointed out in the book "Exploring the Origin of Feng Shui" that the core content of Feng Shui is a kind of knowledge in which people choose and deal with their living environment.
Its scope includes residences, palaces, temples, mausoleums, villages, and cities. Among them, those involving mausoleums are called yin houses, and those involving other aspects are called yang houses.
There are three main effects of Feng Shui on the living environment:
First, it is the choice of the base address, that is, the pursuit of a terrain condition that can be met psychologically and physiologically;
Second, it is the treatment of the layout form of the residence, including the utilization and transformation of the natural environment, the arrangement of factors such as the orientation, location, scale, entrances and exits, roads, water supply, and drainage;
Third, it is to add a certain symbol on the above basis to meet people's psychological needs to avoid misfortune and seek good luck.
However, in human history, beauty is common in various fields of society, nature, art, and science. Although their expressions, appearances, and characteristics are different, the essence of beauty is the same.
Basically, the form of beauty can be divided into two types. One is the inner form, which refers to the content that the creator wants to express, whether true or good, and the other is the outer form, which is not directly related to the content, and refers to the sublime or beautiful expression of the inner form of the sensual appearance form. (such as processing mechanisms, lines, sounds, colors, tastes, shapes, etc.).
The beautiful objects that humans can see with the naked eye usually have certain characteristics in appearance; for example: balance, symmetry, proportion, rhythm, rhythm, change, unity, etc.
"Garden" is a beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created by using engineering technology and artistic means in a certain region through the transformation of the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking stones, and regulating water), planting flowers and plants, creating buildings and laying gardens and roads.
Chinese classical gardens combine Feng Shui and formal beauty. A terrain, building or detailed components of a building with good Feng Shui not only meet people's physical and psychological needs, but also has beautiful forms.
In the design of modern gardens, we should learn from the ancients that not only consider their artistic conception and formal beauty when building gardens, but also incorporate a large amount of Feng Shui ideas. Organically combine the two to build a human living environment where man and nature develop harmoniously.
Environmental site selection
Feng Shui site selection should "hide wind and gather energy", so it is important to focus on the beautiful mountains and rivers, surrounding the water, and emphasizing the unity of man and nature, that is, the harmony between man and nature, man and man and nature.
schools one of Luantou school emphasizes "distinguishing direction, measuring mountains, observing yin and yang, and observing flowing water". The bird "hiding wind and gathering qi", "mountain surrounding water" and "the dragon's true cave" are called "three elements of Feng Shui".
Garden site selection, Feng Shui takes the land of Four Spirits as the ideal environment. Its composition pattern completely applies to the four spirits azimuth pattern, just to embody the four spirits into environmental elements such as mountain ( Xuanwu ), river ( Qinglong ), road (white tiger), pool (zhu).
The so-called Left green dragon , right white tiger, front Surprising Bird , and rear Xuanwu use relative orientation, not the absolute orientation of east, west, south, north and north.
Its geoscience tool "Liu Ren Pan" is to integrate time and space, and to model and ritualize the idea of unity between man and nature.
Feng Shui calls the most auspicious place the acupuncture point, the acupuncture point is surrounded by mountains and water, the hall is cheerful, the water mouth is in harmony, and the water channel is continuous and tortuous.
pursues the round of the environment, with a shady and sunny, a mountain facing water, facing north and south, and a cool and spacious house. "has a harmonious landscape with sunshine, ventilation, water withdrawal, drainage, water prevention, transportation, irrigation, harvesting firewood, blocking cold currents, maintaining water and soil, nourishing vegetation, breeding aquatic products, adjusting microclimate animal husbandry, sidelines, and fishing, and a harmonious landscape of mountains and rivers, with mountains, clear mountains and clear waters, and lush natural environments, forming a good psychological space and landscape picture, reflecting the wisdom of Chinese ancestors in their cultivation.
Suzhou gardens are mainly house gardens, and traditional culture is very important. "Feng Shui" of the heavy house garden.
Suzhou garden naturally needs to find "Feng Shui Good Hotholes" in site selection and layout. For example, Humble Administrator's Garden : the back is backed by the mountain, the right east ring road, in front of the owner made a large water surface in front to make up for the shortcomings of the natural environment.
The shape of the water surface is designed, with winding along the coast, equipped with rockery stacked rockery, combining the natural scenery with artificial scenery. Interesting comes from this.
Suzhou garden Feng Shui base analysis
Humble Administrator's Garden, Located in the south of the landscape garden, it is in the front and back garden pattern. The residence faces north and south, with four depths, and has two parallel axes. The main axis is composed of a screen wall, a bench, a gate, a second door, a sedan hall, a hall and a main room across the river. The side axis is arranged with a mandarin duck flower basket hall, a flower hall, a four-sided hall, a hall, a small garden, etc. The two axes are separated by a narrow "avoidance" and connected. The gate of the residence is southeast, and also avoids the meridian of the south.
The phenomenon of avoiding the door to the south is more common in buildings in the Ming and early Qing dynasties. By the middle and late Qing dynasties, it was not very particular. For example, the gate of the coupling garden opens to the south.
When the ancients built gardens, they were very particular about the basic shape of the garden. This was not only a manifestation of the pursuit of formal beauty, but also a statement of Feng Shui. Reasonable planning and design were carried out on the basis of not destroying the reverence of the reason.
water management
back mountain environment is naturally a very ideal ecological environment. Feuerbach talked about "a spiritual water therapy", believing that "water is not only a physical means of reproduction and nutrition... but also a very effective medicine for psychology and vision. Cool water makes the vision clear. When you see the clear water, you will feel so refreshed and refreshed! "Aquatic plants also have functions such as purifying water bodies and improving the cleanliness and transparency of water quality. For example, reeds, water onion , water peanuts, water hyacinth , etc. not only have good stain resistance, but also can absorb and enrich harmful substances such as sulfides in the water body to purify water quality.
Suzhou Liuyuan is a water-centered building. Make full use of the spiritual therapy of water to make people and nature closer and more harmonious.
In the geoscience theory, the favorable forms of water are in addition to the above-mentioned dragons.
are guided by private gardens, such as the large and small water surfaces of the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the building rockery are surrounded by buildings and rockery.
1 The water of Liuyuan is beautiful in form, and the buildings and towers are distributed in an orderly manner near the water. You have me in the building and water, and I have you in the me to make the activity space richer.
is also a representative of making full use of the mental hydrotherapy. It is an effective medicine for psychology and vision.
4, Architecture html l2
Fence: "Yi Lin" says: A thousand-foot wall will not cause disaster. In Suzhou private garden, there are square and round walls, taking: "The sky is square and the earth is round". It means to achieve the harmony between heaven and man.
Five elements classification of gable form:
The form of gable is divided into wood, fire, earth, water, and gold according to the five elements. The picture shows the west gable form of Net Lion Garden and Liuyuan.Most use "gold". The reason is that the Western Five Elements belong to metal, so they are used in combination. Some people follow the heaven, the earth, the earth follows the Tao, and the Tao follows nature.
Doors and windows: Doors are very important accessories, and Feng Shui attaches great importance to doors. It is the face and throat of the home. It is a sign of rise and fall. Communication between two spaces inside and outside the house. It is the "air port" and the "air channel". In addition, many hollowed-out flower windows have been made in Suzhou's private gardens, which have both aesthetic effects and practical value. Through doors and windows, you can connect to the weather on the top and grounded at the bottom to avoid bad luck.
The settings of doors and windows further integrate and expand the space in the garden with the natural space. For example, the use of leaking windows makes the space flow smoothly and thus is separated and penetrates each other in the space. Looking inside the leaked window, the exquisite and transparent flower decorations and colorful patterns have strong national flavor and aesthetic value; through the leaked window, the bamboo trees are blurred and swaying, pavilions and towers appear and disappear from time to time, and the blue sky and white clouds fly around in the distance, creating a deep and broad spatial realm and interest. The unity of the beauty of implicit functions brought by geoscience and the beauty of external formality brought by geoscience has been achieved.
The main garden is to better enjoy life and better express the rich emotions in the heart. In the garden, recite poems, paint, drink and sing, watch and listen to plays, and ask friends to play chess. Rich activities.
With doors and windows, enjoying the natural scenery and nourishing the body and mind. Feng Shui is about doors and windows facing the angry side. It is for the purpose of drawing scenery and lighting, which has certain positive significance.
Whether we understand the owner's handling of the relationship between nature and humans from a psychological or physiological perspective, we can find that it is reasonable and verified.
Furthermore, the prerequisite for the beautiful environment to form these reasons. When describing the garden, Bai Juyi wrote, "The east window faces Mount Hua, and the three peaks of green ginseng fall." What this reveals to us is not only the beautiful and noble natural scenery, but also the beautiful place with a beautiful place backed by the mountain.
The scale relationship between doors, windows and gardens: Feng Shui emphasizes suitable, and of course beautiful things are also suitable, such as proportion, rhythm, rhythm... So what is suitable?
Small house doors should not be large, and large house doors should not be small. The specific size should be determined based on the owner's four pillars. There should not be two doors that are connected one after another. This is not beautiful but also makes bad energy penetrate the hall, which is not good for people's health.
The owner's room in Suzhou garden generally has two entrances and exits in front and rear. In terms of design, it is either separated by a screen in the middle or the direction of the door is staggered. This is the wisdom of the ancients' survival. This is still very helpful to our design today.
Making mountain stacked stones
The layout of the rockery is very particular in the private gardens in Jiangnan. It's not as good as you want or as you want.
Garden rockery is an abstraction of real mountains, a typical reduction and translation, showing the situation of mountains and forests at a very small area and the momentum of thousands of rocks and valleys.
This can reflect the characteristics of gardens above nature.
The role of return air and anti-qi should be taken into account in the selection of directions. The tall rockery should avoid the four directions of Jia, Xun, Bing and D. Or tall buildings should avoid these four directions.
Plant configuration has mystery
"In front of the peach and plum trees, the elm and willows are yin and back eaves." Since ancient times, there has been such a so-called plant configuration method that conforms to the principles of human survival and development.
There are also many experiences in Feng Shui that are too feng shui for residential plant configuration. For example: the trees are curved, enjoy the leisure and happiness, peaches and plums face the door, and shade the back of the valley. As tall as tall trees, early steps are ladders: bamboo and wood are rounded, family feet and clothes are: There are locust trees in front of the door, wealth and wealth.
Suzhou gardens pay great attention to the configuration of plants, such as .net Shiyuan and Lion Forest in front of the gate, and plant golden osmanthus magnolia in front and back of the hall to fill the hall with gold jade.
has a richer role in plant greening in modern gardens. It is not only an important means to achieve architectural and ecological balance.
Although artificial greening cannot be compared with natural forests, it is currently one of the effective ways to improve the urban environment. It also plays a role in dividing space. For example, the Jinji Lake in Suzhou uses tall plants and groups of hedges to divide the space, which is the same.
processing of aura
Qi is the source of all things. "Qi" means "it is thin and has no inner body, its size is big and has no outer body, and it fills the heaven and earth."
As in "Zhuangwaiwu": "Qi changes and has shape, and has a shape that changes and has a life", it is qi. It is qi, which is great and strong, and even nourishes and is harmless, and it is blocked between heaven and earth"; Zhang Zai's Zhengmengtahe: "Taixu is invisible, the essence of qi, which gathers and disperses, and changes in guest shape."
The cosmic background radiation discovered by modern physics is the microwave at 4080 megahertz, which is very similar to prove the discussion of the Chinese saints.
"Qi" means "cosmic waves" "Laozi" calls the "reason" of "qi" as "Tao", "There are things mixed together, born before heaven and earth, silent, independent but undefeated, and moving around without danger, and can be the mother of the world. I don't know its name, and the word "Tao" is called "Tao" and strong is called "Dao". The nature of Qi "the four straights and four corners, and in the eight directions, each has its own qi. The yang of Qi moves from the wind, and the yin of Qi moves from the water. The function of Qi "The earth's qi is from the bottom to the people, and the source of power is slow: the weather is so prosperous that the human body is floating and fast.
There is no case in the construction of gardens that follow the way of qi. Feng Shui is based on the nature and laws of "qi", that is, the existence of "qi" and its principles. The theory summarized in the practice of the past few years still has positive significance today.
When regulating qi, the original landform will be processed. It is a need to be beautiful to watch the scenery on this raised mound. It is a reflection of modern design concepts.
html l1 There are many such examples in the landscape design of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, which fully exerts its comprehensive function and serves mankind.
Use the past for the present, and absorbs the essence of traditional geomancy culture into the design of our land landscape today. Truly achieve harmony between heaven, earth, man and god.
Society needs to make progress, relying on cultural inheritance and continuous innovation. Only by integrating traditional Chinese geomancy culture with formal beauty can we achieve harmony between heaven, earth, man and god.
Analyzing Feng Shui is not difficult to find many of them for cause and effect. There are vague views and obviously witchcraft. However, there are many scientific summarys, which embody the wisdom of ancient Chinese philosophy , science and aesthetics, and have its own logical relationship. Feng Shui is naturally part of traditional architectural theory.
Most of the garden makers of Chinese classical private gardens are literati, and they are all great scholars who are familiar with the scriptures. The " Yi Jing " full of Feng Shui wisdom is the first of the group of scriptures. At that time, literati were necessary to know " Zhouyi ".
Therefore, it is invented. The garden reflects its simple philosophical view of "harmony between man and nature". Feng Shui itself contains aesthetic wisdom, and the spiritual sustenance of the gardener has further raised the requirements for the formal beauty of the garden. Therefore, Chinese classical gardens are unified with geoscience and formal beauty.
Today's gardens put forward higher requirements for ecological protection, which means that our designers must understand the simple philosophical view of "harmony between man and nature" in ancient people. While pursuing the form of beauty, protect our environment. Create an ideal land landscape that is more suitable for our activities and is more conducive to human survival and development.
