Tong Guowei in history is the father of Emperor Kangxi's birth mother, the younger brother of Empress Xiao Kangzhang, and the third empress of Emperor Kangxi, Empress Xiao Yiren. That is to say, Tong Guowei is indeed the uncle and father-in-law of Emperor Kangxi, and he was awarded the title of “first-class public” for empress Xiao Yiren Tweet.
It is a common saying in the world that Long Kodo, the supporting hero of the Yongzheng Emperor and the power of the early Yongzheng dynasty, can be publicly called "uncle" by the Yongzheng Emperor, which is the only supreme grace in the history of the Qing Dynasty. As everyone knows, as early as the reign of Kangxi, Longkodo's father, Tong Guowei, had already enjoyed this treatment. In the inscription written by Emperor Kangxi himself for Tong Guowei and his wife, it is clear that there is "Uncle Tong Guowei, loyal and courageous, and knowledgeable in art" .
is just that Tong Guowei, with such an identity and status, is in the real history of the Qing Dynasty, is it really as good as the interpretation of "Yongzheng Dynasty"? From the official to the head of the cabinet, do they have the qualifications to discuss political exchanges with Emperor Kangxi?
Tong Guowei's official career history
is the same as the way most of Manchuria's noble children enter official careers. After Tong Guowei became an adult, the Tong family gradually rose under the leadership of his grandfather Tong Yangzheng and father Tong Tulai. In addition, his sister became the harem concubine of Emperor Shunzhi, Tong Guowei Mengyin entered the palace as an official, and soon rose to "first-class guard" . In other words, Tong Guowei in the Shunzhi period had already become a military official of the third rank.
After Emperor Kangxi succeeded to the throne, the Tong family of his birth mother, Empress Xiao Kangzhang, naturally became the first relative family. As the maternal uncle of Emperor Kangxi, Tong Guowei naturally received the absolute trust and reliance of Emperor Kangxi. The Tong family officially sounded the clarion call to "Tong Banchao" .
In the 9th year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi, who formally mastered the power of government, was promoted to "Inner Minister" , and became the first-rank senior official after "Inner Minister" . In the twelfth year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui rose up against the Qing Dynasty, and Tong Guowei led his troops to arrest his son Wu Yingxiong; in the twenty-first year of Kangxi, Tong Guowei was promoted to Zhengyipin "Minister of Internal Guards" and "Chairman of Political Affairs" , becoming the most important Emperor Kangxi And one of the trusted ministers.
In the 27th year of Kangxi, Tong Guowei’s elder brother and the leader of the Tong family at the time, Tong Guogang, requested the Emperor Kangxi to be assigned to "Manchurian" , and the Emperor Kangxi approved his request to assign the Tong family to " The first of "Shangsanqi" -Manchuria inlaid yellow flag. Since then, the Tong family has changed the surname to "Tong Jia" , which is why Tong Guowei's surname is "佟" , and his son Long Kodo's surname is "tong Jia" .
In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, the daughter of Tong Guowei, who was "Emperor Concubine" and , Tong Jia was seriously ill. Emperor Kangxi officially canonized her as a queen and became the third empress of Emperor Kangxi-Empress Xiao Yiren. After the death of Empress Xiao Yiren the next day, Emperor Kangxi offered his favor and made the state head Tong Guowei a first-class duke. Since then, Tong Guowei's rank and title have risen to the apex of the Qing Dynasty official system and the title system of heroes of different surnames.
In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Tong Guowei and his brother Tong Guogang followed Emperor Kangxi to "personally conquer Junggar" , Tong Guogang died in battle;
In the 35th year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi again personally conquered Junggar, Tong Guowei was responsible for the supply of food and grass to the army;
Kangxi III In the 16th year, Emperor Kangxi conquered Junggar three times, and Tong Guowei went out with the army again.
In the 43rd year of Kangxi, Tong Guowei officially retired.
Therefore, Tong Guowei’s highest official position can only achieve "Leader and Guardian Minister", "Political Minister" , although the rank has reached the first grade, but compared withIn "Yongzheng Dynasty", it is far inferior to the minister of Shangshufang, who is equivalent to "the cabinet chief" and . More importantly, Tong Guowei had retired in the 47th year of Kangxi when the crown prince was first abolished, and the reason for his retirement was not because the Emperor Kangxi ordered him to "go home for the elderly" , but because of age restrictions.
However, although Tong Guowei at that time had retired, but the Tong Jia family, who already had the name of "Tong Banchao" and , was extremely powerful, with family members spreading all over the government and the public. It was very important for the development of "Nine sons seizing the dynasty" . The result has a huge impact that absolutely cannot be ignored. Therefore, when the crown prince Yinfeng was abolished for the first time, the Emperor Kangxi decided to "choose another sage as the new prince" . Tong Guowei's opinions can still influence most courtiers, including the then Wuyingdian University. Shi, the leader of the court-Ma Qi.
just because after retiring Tong Guowei participated in the "promotion of the new prince" , it almost ended up in the late season.
Tong Guowei's position in the "Nine Sons"
In the 47th year of Kangxi, the crown prince Yinfeng was abolished for the first time, and the Emperor Kangxi ordered his courtiers to elect a new prince. But when the courtiers were almost overwhelmed and elected the emperor Yinhu, the Emperor Kangxi gave "Yunhu did not change the matter and was guilty, and his mother is also humble, so don't do it" .
For this reason, Tong Guowei, who has retired, basically presented a memorial to Emperor Kangxi, which basically means to let Emperor Kangxi . "In short, the original intention refers to the deliberate act of ", let Kangxi Emperor" Whatever you say, the deposed will be deposed, and the one recommended by courtiers should be appointed as the new prince.
originally believed that the emperor Yinhu was "sexy, arrogant, and gangsters." The Kangxi emperor of , seeing this memorial, naturally became furious, and even recognized that the emperor Yinhu had one behind. The huge power group headed by Tong Guowei intends to seize the protagonist, and even "coerce Zhen to bow" .
So, there appeared a scene recorded in the "Drafts of Qing History":
in the first month of the forty-eighth year, the ministers were called up to ask those who advocated Yunhu as the prince, but the ministers did not dare to speak out. Ma Qi, a scholar of the University of Israel, said that the public wanted to give permission for permission. Because of the condemnation of Ma Qi, he no longer questioned him deeply. The results of the investigation of
showed that Tong Guowei did not take the initiative to recommend the emperor Yinhu, the real initiator was Ma Qi. However, seeing Emperor Kangxi's furious anger, Tong Guowei hurriedly folded and took the initiative to "indict and punish" . However, Emperor Kangxi still believed that Ma Qi was under the influence of Tong Guowei, so he would take the initiative to recommend the emperor Yinsi; Tong Guowei's proactive petition made the Kangxi emperor give "Are you also affected by Renyanzhen" irony .
In short, the retired Tong Guowei was disgusted by Emperor Kangxi because he indirectly participated in the "promotion of the new prince" , and participated in the "nine sons seizing the son" . If it were not for Tong Guowei's status as uncle and father-in-law, Emperor Kangxi would most likely punish him severely.
In the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi, Tong Guowei died of illness. As a nephew and son-in-law, Emperor Kangxi abandoned his predecessors and ordered to "burial" and write an inscription, which was highly praised.
After Emperor Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, in view of the nurturing grace of his daughter, Empress Xiao Yiren, and in view of his son Long Kodo's great contribution to Yongzheng imperial power, Tong Guowei's position during the "nine sons seized" was not opposed. His heart was resentful, but he gave "Tao Fu" , chasing posthumous posthumous "Duan Chun" , and wrote "Benevolence, Filial Piety, Diligence" and plaques, and ordered people to appear in his grave. Tong Guowei, who was almost unprotected, was affected by his children and the powerful Tong Jia family, and ended up in a good end, and was forgiven by the two emperors of Kangxi and Yongzheng.
References: "Drafts of Qing History·Tong Guowei Biography", "Records of the Qing Dynasty·Records of the Holy Ancestors", "Registration of Living in Kangxi Dynasty"
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