Don’t believe it, "Captain China" has too many technical details worth analyzing.

finally can talk about "Chinese Captain", now it is out, no one will say that I am spoiled, right? As a film that reflects the special situation of Chinese civil aviation crews in the air, "Chinese Captain" has too many technical details worth analyzing, so I think this is a rare technology-fluid civil aviation film in recent years. Maybe the director didn't ponder too many ideas from the beginning, but just wanted to tell a very good story through this movie, a respectable hero. But this film invisibly reflects the development and progress of China's civil aviation over the years, especially for ordinary audiences to truly understand what civil aviation is all about. From this point of view, "Chinese Captain" is so good!

In recent years, the people have become more pockets, and there are more opportunities to travel by civil airliner. However, many people's understanding of civil aviation is only the process of security check, boarding, air flight and arrival. For those who want to understand the entire civil aviation system-a very high-tech and complex organizational structure, such contact Slightly weak.

And "Captain China" has done a pretty good science popularization on this. Looking at the entire film, I personally feel that it can basically give a comprehensive and quite intuitive introduction to the daily work and life of the three major practitioners in the civil aviation industry-pilots, flight attendants and air traffic controllers.

So can we feel the technical details of those civil aviation work in the movie? Or is it that we, as passengers, may not feel it temporarily, but is it ubiquitous professional operation? Let me speak slowly.

At the beginning of the movie, the captain actor Zhang Hanyu and a group of crew members got up early and arrived at the airport to start a busy day. When choosing a domestic flight, the author likes to take an early flight, so the possibility of delay is relatively small. But the earliest early flight was around 7 o'clock. However, when the author left home two hours in advance, the crew members of the early flight had already arrived at the airport because the flight preparations they had to complete were quite complicated.

In the movie, after the pilots played by Zhang Hanyu, Ouhao and Du Jiang enter the office, they first sit in front of an instrument to check their alcohol and basic physical conditions. Civil Aviation of China stipulates that before each flight takes off, all crew members must undergo blood pressure, alcohol and other tests, and only after passing the tests can they perform flight tasks. The regulations also require that within 12 hours before flight departure, aircrews are strictly prohibited from drinking alcohol. The execution of the plateau route should be advanced to 24 hours before departure. The original intention of this regulation is to ensure that pilots have a clear mind and a healthy body when operating the aircraft. This is the most basic requirement for flight safety. In this regard, China Civil Aviation has always been strictly managed. We can often see in the news that pilots of foreign airlines are dismissed when they drive while drunk.

For this, please refer to "Crash Landing Flight" starring Denzel Washington. In the movie, he plays the captain who abuses drugs and alcohol.

Next, the pilot group and flight attendant group will conduct flight planning discussions. The content of their discussions is slightly different. The pilots mainly discuss flight safety-related matters such as route conditions and weather conditions, while the flight attendant group mainly discusses matters related to air services. Work has its own focus, but they are closely related.

After meeting and eating, the crew members will board the plane for further pre-flight inspections. After the pilot enters the cabin, he must check the condition of each on-board equipment one by one in accordance with strict procedures to ensure that they are all in a safe and usable state. In addition, the pilot has to go down to the ground, perform visual inspections around the aircraft, check the appearance of the aircraft, and even walk all the way and touch it all the way. In the movie, the co-pilot played by Ou Hao has related images. When the crew members go to the apron to check the aircraft, they must also wear a reflective vest to ensure easy identification and safety. Other apron staff must also wear a reflective vest or work clothes with reflective stripes before they can work on the apron. .

The cabin crew must strictly check whether all safety equipment in the cabin is in a normal and usable state, and must ensure that all safety equipment is in good condition before the plane can take off normally. . Recently, a certain airline had an incident where oxygen cylinders were emptied before takeoff. If this happens to the flight in the movie, the consequences will be disastrous.

In addition to the safety equipment, the flight attendants must also check the service facilities, such as whether the dining car, pantry, etc. are locked intact, so as to prevent people from coming out and injuring people while flying in the air.

After the crew members have checked, they can handover and release with personnel from various departments on the ground. Before the plane took off, the crew had to sign a bunch of bills before leaving. For example, the maintenance will send a list of airworthiness to the aircraft, and the aircraft will be released after the captain signs and agrees; the meal order must be signed after the meal is delivered before the catering personnel can disembark; the ground staff will send it to the cabin after the passengers have boarded. The cabin door can be closed only after the chief flight attendant signs and confirms.

You may be curious about Du Jiang as the second captain. Why do the crew flying to Lhasa need two captains? For high-altitude routes such as Lhasa, the altitude of the airport is above 2438 meters, which is different from Kunming and other general high-altitude routes and airports with complex weather conditions. Civil Aviation of China clearly stipulates that two captains must be arranged to perform flights, which means that the flight crew must be at least three people. , Among them there are at least two captains. The second captain can assist the responsible captain in managing the aircraft when necessary. The 3U8633 incident fully proved the necessity of the second captain. At the critical moment, Du Jiang, played by the second captain, rushed into the cabin, helped Zhang Hanyu put on an oxygen mask and has been helping him confirm the route, which played an extremely important role in the safety of this alternate landing.

The configuration of the crew is also more exquisite. The flight attendants of a civil airliner have a clear division of labor according to different numbers. Take the 5 flight attendants of flight 3U8633 as an example: No. 1 is the flight attendant Yuan Quan, who is responsible for the overall management of the cabin. Seat 2 is Yamei, the trainee chief of the rear cabin, responsible for overall control of the rear cabin. Seat 3 is Yang Qiru, a first-class/business-class flight attendant, who is responsible for the safety and service of the first-class/business-class passengers. No. 4 flight attendant Zhang Tianai and No. 5 flight attendant Li Qin are in charge of economy class. Generally speaking, the flight attendant with the lowest number is responsible for emergency exit management. When there are passengers in the emergency exit seats, the flight attendant at No. 5 needs to inform passengers in detail about the precautions for emergency exit seats. Passengers sitting in emergency exit seats should not just enjoy the spaciousness of the seats in this area. They still need to read the operating instructions so as to assist the flight attendants in emergency evacuation work in case of emergency.

In addition, the crew has a security officer. After taking off, the security officer Gao Ge first activated the video capture recorder hung on his left chest while patrolling the cabin to leave evidence.

Normally, everyone’s flight is generally stable, and it is rare to encounter the situation that the oxygen mask falls off and needs to be worn. In the movie, because the cockpit windshield fell off, it was difficult for the captain to effectively control the aircraft. The severe turbulence triggered the response of the safety equipment, and all the oxygen masks in the cabin were released for emergency breathing. In the picture, we can see that some three seats side by side have four oxygen masks dropped. This is definitely not a BUG, ​​but a special preparation for passengers with infants during the design of a civil airliner. Although the baby does not occupy a seat, it needs oxygen in an emergency. Usually airliners do not have redundant oxygen masks for every row of seats. Only one passenger with an infant can be arranged for every three adjacent seats. Therefore, passengers with infants are generally prioritized in seating areas with redundant oxygen masks.

In addition, high-altitude models (such as Airbus A319 and Boeing 737-700), in addition to increasing engine thrust to increase the thrust-to-weight ratio, the oxygen supply duration also exceeds Other ordinary models. The normal oxygen supply time of the oxygen mask of the ordinary model is only 15 minutes, while the high altitude model is at least 45 minutes. In the movie, 3U8633 is in emergencyUnder conditions, the continuous oxygen supply event can last up to 55 minutes, and the safety redundancy is higher. Moreover, when the flying altitude of the aircraft drops below 3000 meters above sea level, the oxygen content in the air is already available for passengers to breathe normally.

After talking about pilots and flight attendants, we will also see an important civil aviation practitioner in this movie, that is, the air traffic controller, we can call it simply air traffic control. member. When flying in the sky, it seems that an airplane can "fly at high altitude", but in reality it needs to be controlled under a strict flight plan. Every aircraft needs to fly according to strict air routes, and such air routes need to have the same role as a "traffic policeman", this is the air traffic controller. The aircraft must be guided and managed by the air traffic controller from the start of the taxiing at the parking lot. We can see that Zhang Hanyu asked the air traffic control of the airport tower to "slide out and get ready to take off" after the plane was ready. After taking off, the air traffic controller at Chongqing Airport monitored the 3U8633 flying out of its control area all the way, and then gave it to the air traffic controller at the Southwest Regional Air Traffic Control Center.

When an air hazard appeared, Zhang Hanyu asked for altitude to the Southwest Air Traffic Control Center and had to alternate the return route, and the air traffic controllers had to deal with them one by one and allocate one. The safest and fastest route so that 3U8633 can return as soon as possible. Upon learning that 3U8633 was in distress, the Chengdu airport air traffic controller, who was about to accept its alternate landing, immediately activated an emergency plan to notify the landing aircraft to avoid, and the aircraft preparing to take off was suspended. All this is done under a large framework that cooperates with each other. Every step is carefully calculated. In the course of decades of development of China's civil aviation, because of the increasing number of aircraft and denser air routes, aviation control has gradually transitioned from manual deployment to big data system management. The sampling of big data includes multiple factors such as weather, flight plans, route planning, etc. After complex calculations, a precise plan can be obtained. Under the big data framework, each flight is a small plan, and multiple small plans form a complex route system. Thanks to the repeated calculation of the mathematical model and considering the influence of various factors, the delay rate of China's civil aviation is also decreasing year by year. We can see in the movie that when dealing with the danger of 3U8633, multiple departments cooperate closely. The civil aviation and air force, the airport air traffic control and the regional integrated route management center, and even the Central Meteorological Observatory and other data support departments are all working for the sky. The plane grabbed his heart.

finally talk about an interesting detail. In order to avoid confusion in pronunciation, some numbers are not pronounced according to the conventional pronunciation in the work communication of aviation practitioners. The pronunciations of 0-9 are: hole, waist, two, three, four, five, six, crutches, eight, dog. For example, "stand 210" is pronounced as "two waist holes in the stand". When the ground air traffic control and the pilot are talking on the radio, everyone needs to use this pronunciation. A clear pronunciation can enable both parties to quickly and correctly grasp the information provided by the other party.

In addition, air traffic control has a dedicated call sign for each airline. Sichuan Airlines' call sign "Sichuan" is taken directly from the company name. During the radio call between the world and the earth in the movie and on the Internet, the ground air traffic control staff always said "Sichuan 8633". However, some airlines that were established relatively late may not necessarily have the same call sign as the company name. For example, the call sign of Chengdu Airlines EU is "Splendid", and its flight EU2733 is called "Splendid Two Turns Three Three".

Stop here. If you continue, the spoiler will become more and more unstoppable. In fact, there are a lot of relevant details in the movie, so everyone can figure it out.

Let’s talk about the broken windshield encountered by the 3U8633 flight. This special situation is also relatively rare in the world aviation industry. According to statistics from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), in the past ten years, only 29 incidents involved windshields of commercial airlines and commercial airliners. But this does not mean that the degree of danger of similar special situations is reduced. This is not as simple as the car windshield breaking when we drive ourselves. A little careless operation will result in a plane crash and death. Even if it is not so dangerous, the pilot or passengers will be in front of you. When the windshield of the aircraft is broken, it is very likely to give life toprice. In April 2018, just one month before the flight time of 3U8633, a Southwest Airlines passenger plane suffered a broken window glass in the air. A female passenger was sucked out of the cabin and was injured. She later died of her injuries. After the

3U8633 incident, many passengers were worried about the safety of the cockpit windshield glass and cabin porthole glass. In fact, airplanes and submarines have similar safety requirements at this point. Both structures involve having to withstand significant differences in external and internal pressure and temperature at the same time. The external environment in which airplanes and submarines work are not suitable for human habitation. Small defects or weaknesses can spread quickly and lead to tragedies. The aircraft also faces other challenges-it will run into objects (birds or debris) flying at extremely high speeds at any time. The windshield in the cockpit of an aircraft serves two main purposes. The first is to protect the crew members from the harsh external environment, and the second is to allow the crew to observe the external situation clearly. For this reason, the design of windshield must have a high degree of unity of strength and safety.

Different from the cabin porthole structure, the cockpit windshield is made of multi-layer glass or stretched acrylic material. Usually composed of two structural layers, each layer can withstand the pressure difference of the cockpit. There is also a cavity between the two layers of glass, which is generally filled with insensitive inert gas. There is also a de-icing device wrapped in the outermost glass, which is similar to those electric heating wires for defogging or defrosting on the rear windows of our cars. After power on, the icing or frost on the windshield can be quickly eliminated. In addition to the heating device, there is also a temperature controller in the glass to sense at any time to avoid overheating or underheating. In different altitudes and different weather conditions, the temperature controller can control the heating device to perform corresponding induction operations.

Like the engine, fuselage and other external structures, the windshield also needs to undergo a bird strike test. Bird strike is a serious safety issue for the aviation industry. The safety standard for American civil aircraft is that commercial aircraft need to be able to withstand the impact of a 2 kg bird with an airspeed of 465 km/h. Don't underestimate the flying bird weighing only 2 kilograms, the relative speed when flying in the air, this little bird has super lethality like a cannonball. Breaking through the windshield is effortless.

In addition to pressure, temperature and bird strike tests, the windshield also needs to be subjected to chemical resistance tests against objects such as hydraulic oil or aviation fuel and wear tests including rust or rain erosion.

All these tests are to ensure that the windshield can cope with the harsh conditions encountered in the air. However, the structural strength of the glass itself is not the only reason that may cause it to fall off. The installation factor is another possible factor.

The glass windshield is installed as an integral part to the opening of the cockpit. Most of the designs are bolted to the fuselage. In this state, the bolt becomes a very important part of the tightening operation. On June 10, 1990, British Airways flight 5390 was in danger. This is because after the maintenance worker disassembled and assembled the windshield for maintenance, the wrong size bolt was selected when reinstalling. The selected 84 bolts were too small in diameter, and the 6 bolts with the correct diameter were too short. This error caused the bolt of the wrong size to collapse during the flight because it could not withstand the difference between the cabin and the external atmospheric pressure, and the left windshield of the cockpit fell off. The captain of Flight 5390 was immediately sucked out of the plane by most of his body. Fortunately, a flight attendant who entered the cabin had eye problems and quickly pulled him until the flight landed. Fortunately, the captain suffered only frostbite and bruises, and after training, he quickly returned to work.

There is a detail in the movie, that is, after the windshield is broken and flying off, the debris penetrates the engine backwards, causing danger. This segment is also very dangerous in reality. Taking the 5390 incident mentioned earlier, the flight attendant who rushed into the cabin clung to the captain who was sucked out of the cabin. this isBecause if the captain flies out, he is likely to be sucked into the engine and cause damage to the engine. In severe cases, the aircraft will be destroyed or killed. Flight 3U8633 was equally dangerous, and half of the deputy captain's body was sucked out of the plane. Captain Liu Chuanjian once said that fortunately, he sucked it out frontally and he was wearing a seat belt. If the side glass was broken, he would never come back.

According to the manuals of mainstream civil aviation airliner manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus, the standard windshield shattering operation procedure is to keep the pilots breathing oxygen, and then contact the air traffic controller to coordinate the emergency landing of the flight at the nearest airport. After the windshield is partially damaged, the flight will immediately drop below 3000 meters to avoid catastrophic pressure relief.

Because the parts dropped by flight 3U8633 have not been found and other reasons, the final investigation report of the incident has not yet been released. But one thing is for sure, there is absolutely no problem with Captain Liu's operation. This is a fact recognized by the civil aviation industry. Moreover, I personally think that after watching this movie, when you take a civil airliner next time, you will have a different feeling.

One last wordy, please wear your seat belt at any time when taking a flight. This is the most important thing.