sent Dongyang Ma Shengxu (excerpt)
[Ming Dynasty] Song Lian
was addicted to learning when he was young. Poor family, there is no way to give a book to view, every time borrowed from the home of the book collection, hand-written notes, and counted days to return. The sky is cold, the inkstone is firm, and the fingers cannot be flexed or stretched. After the recording, I will send it off, and dare not exceed the appointment. Therefore, many people spend more time with books, and Yu Yin has to read the books. It is not only crowning, admiring the way of sages and sages, but also suffering from the lack of masters and celebrities and traveling, tasting hundreds of miles away, and inquiring from the first in the village. First Dade Long Wangzun, the disciple of the disciples filled his room, and did not lose his words. Yu Li waited on the left and right, leaning over to ask questions; or when he was screaming, he would become more respectful and courteous, and would not dare to say a word; if he was pleased, he asked Yan again. Therefore, although Yu is stupid, he has been heard.
, as the rest of his teacher, is carrying a siege, walking deep in the mountains and huge valleys, poor winter gale, heavy snow a few feet deep, and the skin is cracked and unknown. In Zhishe, the four branches are stiff and unable to move, and the maiden holds Tangwo irrigation and embraces with the quilt. In the rebellious journey, the owner eats again in the sun, without the taste of fresh fat. All students in the same house are embroidered, wearing a hat decorated with precious stones, a ring of white jade on the waist, a knife on the left, and a stinky face on the right. Those who have enough fun don’t know whether the mouth and the body are like people. Gai Yu is diligent and difficult.
[Note]
Song Lian: (1310-1381) with the word Jing Lian, named Qianxi, Pujiang (now northwest of Yiwu, Zhejiang), a writer of early Ming Dynasty.
Dongyang, the place name, is in Dongyang, Zhejiang today.
is born, the elder's name to the younger. Preface to
: Stylistic name, this is a gift preface to
More than: Me.
Hobbies: likes, special hobbies.
Nothing: there is no way.
to the book: get the book. To: Get. Every time
borrowed from the collection of books, hand-written notes: Every: often.
False Borrow: Synonymous compound words. borrow.
fake, borrow.
Yu: preposition, from.
Pen: Nouns are used as adverbials.
Hand: Nouns can be used as verbs and hands.
Fuzhi (dài): That is to say, do not slacken, do not relax reading.
Fu: No. Zhi: Refers to copy books.
go: run.
Exceeded: The agreed time limit was exceeded.
is: therefore. Take: think; yes: so.
Crowning (guān): The ancient man held a crowning ceremony at the age of twenty, indicating that he was an adult. Descendants of
often use "crowned" or "crowned" to indicate that they are twenty.
suffering: worry. .
Master: A well-learned teacher.
is huge and big.
Tour: Communication.
taste: once.
Trend: Arrived.
From the township of Xianda, he asks: take the scriptures and ask the local ethical and knowledgeable seniors for advice.
Xianda: Seniors with morality and knowledge. Knocking, ask.
executive: holding
Delong Wangzun: high moral prestige.
hope, prestige, fame.
Long: High.
doorman disciple fills his room: students crowded his room.
doorman, disciple, student.
fill, fill. Here is the meaning of crowded.
lowered his rhetoric slightly: put his words tactfully, and his face softer.
color, speech and face. Color: complexion.
Support Questions: Raise questions and ask questions.
assistance, proposed.
quality, ask.
leaned over and leaned his ears to ask: Bend down and ask your ears sideways (respectfully) (respectfully and attentively).
uses: conjunction, and, come.
or: sometimes.
叱 (chì) duo (duō): reprimand, blaming.
More respectful: The expression is more respectful. Color: expression. Respectfully: Respectfully
to: Thoughtful.
Re: This refers to justification and rebuttal.
俟 (sì): Wait.
pawn: Finally.
殧箧 (qiè) 汣屣 (yè xǐ): carrying a bookcase and dragging shoes (indicating broken shoes).
drag: drag.
箧: Book box.
屣: Shoes.
Poor winter: midwinter.
皲 (jūn) cracking: The skin is cracked due to cold and dryness.
House: Refers to school, library.
branch: through "limbs", limbs.
(yìng) people: This refers to the person serving.
soup: hot water.
Wo Guan: Take a bath. Wo, water and wash (extremities). Irrigate "washing".
衾 (qīn): Quilt.
embrace: cover it.
and: table to undertake.
is: talent.
Solar Eclipse (SI): Two meals a day. Again: twice.
Rebel Travel: Sojourn in the hotel.
residence, residence.
reverse, welcome.
inverse travel, hotel.
is embroidered by (pī) 綺 (qǐ): wearing beautiful silk clothes.
was, "clothed" and dressed.
Zhu Ying: Red hat belt.
缨: Hat strap.
waist: waist wear.
waist, noun as verb.
Rongxiu (xiù): incense bag.
smells, smell, here means aroma.
Ye (yè) Ran: She looks radiant.
缊 (yùn) robe 敝 (bì) clothing: worn clothes.
缊, old floc. My, shabby.
has no sense of admiration: no envy.
slightly none: none.
admires and envy. There are people who have full enjoyment in the middle of
, and I don’t know whether the verbal service is like a person: because there is something happy in my heart (referring to reading), I don’t feel that food and clothing are inferior to others.
: Inside.
Mouth and body blessing: refers to food and clothing.
cover: A word used to lead a sentence, often with emotion or discussion. It is a modal auxiliary word; translated as "approximately".
[Translation]
I was very fond of reading when I was young. The family was poor and couldn't get the books to read. They often asked the book collectors for borrowing, copied them by hand, and calculated the dates to return them on time. The winter is very cold, the ink in the inkstone is frozen, and the fingers are too cold to bend and straighten, nor to relax reading. After copying, he ran to return the book immediately, not daring to exceed the agreed deadline. So many people are willing to lend me books, so I can read the books everywhere. After adulthood, I admired the doctrines of ancient sages and sages, and suffered from not being able to communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. I once rushed hundreds of miles away and took the scriptures to ask ethical seniors in the village for advice. The predecessor is highly respected, and his disciples crowded his room. His words and attitude have never been slightly euphemistic. I stood to accompany him, asking questions, asking the truth, leaning down, and asking respectfully with my ears sideways; sometimes when I met him loudly reprimanding, my expression was more submissive, the etiquette was more courteous, and I didn't dare to say a word to refute; When he was happy, he went to consult again. So although I was stupid, I finally gained a lot of lessons.
When I went out to seek a teacher, carrying a bookcase and dragging my shoes, I walked in the deep mountains and valleys. In the middle of winter, there was a violent cold wind, the snow was several feet deep, and the skin on the feet was cracked and frozen. Back to the school, his limbs were stiff and unable to move. The servant took a bath for me with hot water, wrapped me in a quilt, and it took a long time to warm up. Sojourner in the hotel, the innkeeper serves two meals a day, without the fresh and tender taste. Everyone in the class room is dressed in gorgeous clothes, hats decorated with red hats and jewels, a white jade ring hung around the waist, a treasure knife on the left, and a sachet on the right. They are bright and bright, like a fairy; but I am wearing shabby clothes. The clothes are between them, but I have no envy. Because there are enough things in my heart to be happy, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is not as good as others. My hard work and hardship in studying is like this.
[Appreciation]
In this preface, the author narrates his early experience of humbly seeking education and diligent study, vividly and concretely describing the difficulty of borrowing books to seek a teacher, the suffering of running hungry and cold, and the superior conditions of being a student By comparison, it strongly shows that whether academic achievement can be achieved mainly lies in subjective effort, not in terms of talents and conditions, in order to encourage young people to cherish a good reading environment and concentrate on academic studies. The structure of the full text is rigorous and detailed, with contrasting reasoning, interspersed with detailed descriptions in the narrative, and the reading is vivid and touching.
This gift preface was written by Song Lian to his fellow late-born Ma Junze. The author gave him this article to encourage him to study diligently, but the meaning is not directly stated, but derived from his own personal experience and experience, tactfully and implicitly, easy and friendly, and the lines are filled with a virtuous elder. The ardent expectation for the late-born descendants is touching.
The first paragraph writes about his youth seekingThe situation of learning, deliberately highlights his "diligence and hardship" spirit of learning. The inner middle is divided into four levels.
The first layer from the difficulty of borrowing books to write about the hardship of their own learning conditions. Because my family was poor and had no books, I had to borrow and copy books. Although the sky was cold, the inkstone was frozen, and my fingers were frozen, I didn't dare to relax a little. The second layer of
learns from the difficulty of seeking a teacher, and writes about the need for humility and learning. Seek a teacher from Baili, be careful. Although I met with a slap, I finally got something.
The third layer writes from the difficulties of living conditions, writing about being in poverty, not admiring wealth, and because of learning gains, so I only feel happy but not suffering, and emphasize that as long as the spirit is full, the hardship of living conditions is insignificant. The fourth layer of
is a summary of this paragraph. Because I am not afraid of all kinds of difficulties and study hard, I finally learned something. Although the author humbly said that he "has not achieved anything," the facts of a generation of great Confucian scholars do not need to be self-evident and everyone understands.
Song Lian is generous, sincere, and courteous. This article is just like its own, written in a tactful, easy-going manner. In fact, based on his prestige and status, he can completely put on the air of an elder, and talk positively about the University of Polytechnic University to teach this young man a lesson. However, he does not. He never said what you young people should be, but only said what "I" had been. He placed himself on an equal footing with each other, and used his personal experience and personal experience to talk to others. Not only from the rationale, but also from the image and emotion to inspire and influence the reader, making people feel that there is a sublime personality in the depth of the article. During the reading process, the reader will unconsciously shorten the ideological relationship with the author. Distance, agree with his opinion, and be willing to do according to his opinion. Writing an essay to achieve this step is by no means just a question of essay skills, it requires a profound ideological training as a foundation.
Secondly, in reasoning, the author is not talking about the truth out of thin air, but is good at letting thoughts and truth naturally emerge from the narrative of facts. In the narrative of facts, he is good at organically combining general statements with typical detailed descriptions, which makes the article concrete and realistic, only concise and vivid in writing, but also has strong persuasiveness and appeal. For example, when talking about the difficulty of reading, the author described in a general way that he had to borrow and copy books due to his family's poverty and no books, and then said: "The sky is cold, the inkstone is hard and the fingers cannot be stretched. It’s not to be lazy." Through such a typical detailed description, people have a vivid and concrete feeling of the author’s original diligence in reading and the hardship of learning conditions. The reason is in the matter, and the matter is quite touching. This is another internal reason why this article makes people willing to agree with and accept the author's opinions. Moreover, the article is completely natural, but the internal structure is very tight and compact. The object of the original article is the subject of the article. However, the article puts the subject aside, first talks about oneself, calmly speaking, from oneself to others, and finally talks about the gift object. It seems casual, but in fact it is ingenious. In the deep structure of the article, there is a close internal connection between the subject and the guest, which always focuses on the subject and responds to the subject everywhere, but avoids the straightforward shortcomings of general preface articles, making the article euphemistic and implicit, and meaningful. In the writing, he successfully used the technique of contrast and contrast to make the left and right contrasts, and the front and back corresponded. The article showed strictness in the leisure, "Fish and elegant, from the middle." This is also very impressive.
[Creative Background]
"Send Dongyang Horse Shengxue" excerpted from "Song Xueshi Collected Works", 1378 AD (the eleventh year of Ming Hongwu), the second year of Song Lian's return to his hometown, Ying Zhao moved from his hometown Pujiang to Yingtian ( (Today, Nanjing, Jiangsu) When I went to meet Zhu Yuanzhang, Ma Jun, a junior from the same hometown who was studying in Taixue, came to visit. Song Lian wrote this preface, introducing his own learning experience and learning attitude, encouraging others to study diligently and becoming a person with both ability and political integrity. .
Introduction to the author
Song Lian
Song Lian (1310-1381) with the character Jing Lian, the name is Qianxi, the nickname is Xuan Zhenzi, Xuanzhen Taoist, Xuanzhen Eunuch. Han nationality, a native of Pujiang (now Pujiang County, Zhejiang), a writer of late Yuan and early Ming, was once hailed as "the head of the founding civil servants" by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, and scholars called Taishigong. Song Lian, Gao Qi and Liu Ji were collectively known as the "Three Great Masters in Early Ming Dynasty". He was exiled to Maozhou for his elder Sun Songshen's involvement in the Hu Weiyong party case, and died in Kuizhou on the way. His representative works include "Send Dongyang Horse's Preface", "Zhu Yuanzhang Fengtian to Discuss Yuan Northern Expedition" and so on.
finished
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