Myanmar Federal Republic (English: the Republic of the Union of Myanmar), referred to as Myanmar. It is a country in Southeast Asia and a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It borders the Andaman Sea in the southwest, India and Bangladesh in the northwest, China in the northeast, Thailand and Laos in the southeast, and the capital is Naypyidaw .
Mineral resources
Administrative divisions of Myanmar
Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, tungsten, tin, lead, silver, nickel, antimony, gold, iron, chromium, jade, etc.Oil is one of Myanmar's important economic resources. Before the war, oil was the largest mining industry in Myanmar, with a maximum annual output of about 1 million tons. Oil is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of and the Irrawaddy in Ren'anqiang, Shaobu, Xingu, Renangjia, Ranyo, Minbu, Palanyong, Jodaya, Dandai, Bi Daobin, Ren'anma, Yingdao, Yan Bieniao (Langli Island) and the southern islands of Sittwe. After 1960, oil was discovered in Ayato, Mianang, Pyay, Ripetta, Man, and Libando one after another. In the late 1980s, Myanmar implemented an open policy. The government successively signed contracts with 9 oil companies in South Korea, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Oil and natural gas exploration in the Rakhine Valley and Qin Dun River area. According to the Energy Assessment Report of the Asian Development Bank, Myanmar has 104 oil and gas mining blocks, of which 53 are inland mining blocks and 51 are offshore mining blocks. According to the measurement results, there are approximately 160 million barrels of oil and 20.11 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. [1]
Myanmar's gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten, manganese and other non-ferrous metals are widely distributed, from to Kachin State in the north to Maliwen in the south of Delindayi Distribution, of which:
gold is distributed in Mako, Chatuchak, Kachin State, Panmao, Sagaing Province, and Shan State Mengmi and Gelug.
Silver-lead symbiosis mines are distributed in the southeastern part of Kachin State and along the Nmeikai River, Boton in Shan State, Boli, Mandalay Province, Kyaukchi, Kaludu and Dicaya in Kayin State, Delinda According to province's Dawei and other places.
Tin-tungsten mixed mines are distributed in Taunggyi, Shan State, Mochi, Kayah State, Direct Kayin State, Mawlamyine and Dawei and Moji areas in Delindayi Province.
Zinc and manganese are distributed in southern Shan State.
Antimony is distributed in the northwest, north and east of Shan State, Kayah State, and Kayin State.
Boton (Baodwin), Shan State, is a multi-metal mining area with gold, silver, red copper, lead, zinc and antimony. Before the Second World War, there were nearly 3,000 underground workers in the mining area. The mine was destroyed during the war and was only restored in 1951.
Kayah State ’s Mochi Mine mainly produces tin and tungsten. Although its scale is not as good as that of Bolton, the output of tungsten ranks first in the country. Before the war, the mine produced more than 5,500 tons of tin and tungsten, accounting for more than 5,500 tons of tin and tungsten in the country. Half and half are produced in Dawei and Moji.
Iron is distributed in the upper reaches of the Enmeikai River, northwestern Shan State, and eastern Mandalay. In June 1961, the Myanmar Petroleum and Mineral Exploration Company and the German Berangueyu Company discovered an iron ore with a reserve of 63 million tons in the Binbai area near Taunggyi. The iron ore contains iron. 53%.
Coal Burmese coal resources are not very rich, but in Dawei, Indy, Ruimao, Nandu of Shan State, Glu, some areas of Kachin State, areas east of Mandalay, Rakhine State There is coal in Dui and Moji in Delinday. In June 1961, a coal mine with a reserve of 128 million tons was discovered in Gariva.
Myanmar is the world's famous gem and jade producing area. The main source of gems is Mogok, which is rich in rubies and sapphires. In 1989, a new gem production area was discovered in Bingnong Village in Nandu, Shan State. The Myanmar government designated the area around Bingnong as a national exclusive gem production area. Jade mines are distributed in the northern area of Kachin State, and the main producing areas are , Menggong, Gambadi, Nongken, and Pagan.Diamonds are mainly produced in the area near Jingduo Village in Mengmi Township.
Forest resources
Myanmar is one of the most widely forested countries in the world. In 1994, Myanmar's forests (including 43% canopy closed forest and 30% open forest) had a total area of 34.42 million hectares, accounting for about 51% of the country's total area, and the forest coverage rate was about 52.3%.
Myanmar is rich in forest resources. By the mid-1990s, 1347 kinds of tall trees, 741 kinds of small trees, 1696 kinds of shrubs, 96 kinds of bamboo plants, 36 kinds of vines and 841 have been discovered. Plant flowers and plants. Among the 2088 arbor species, 85 species have been used in wood production for multiple purposes.
In 2010, the forest coverage rate was 41%, mainly in the north, west and south. The central Bago mountain range is the main producing area of teak. There are 2,300 species of forestry in Myanmar, including more than 1,200 species of trees. 60% of the world's teak reserves and 75% of the teak on the international market are produced in Myanmar. Myanmar is also rich in sandalwood, shrubs, chicken wings, iron, rosewood, rosewood and other hardwoods and precious hardwoods. The potential annual output of hardwoods is about 1.3 million tons. In addition, Myanmar has abundant bamboo and rattan resources. There are 97 species of bamboo, and the bamboo forest covers an area of 9,630 square kilometers, mainly distributed in Rakhine and Central Myanmar. There are 32 kinds of vines, with an annual output of about 76 million roots. They are mainly distributed in Kachin and Shan State. There are water vines and red vines, and only a small part of them is exported.
Hydraulic resources
There are dense rivers in Myanmar. The main rivers are Irrawaddy, , Salween , Qindun and Mekong, with tributaries all over the country. The Irrawaddy, Salween and Mekong all originated in China. The Irrawaddy River is the largest river in Myanmar with a drainage area of 430,000 square kilometers. It has ample water volume and gentle flow. It flows from north to south through six provinces including Kachin State, Mandalay and Yangon, and finally flows into the Indian Ocean from to Yangon. , With a total length of 2,200 kilometers and a total drop of 4,768 meters,The average drop of the whole river is 2.13‰, and the average flow at the mouth of the sea is 13,600 cubic meters per second. The Salween River is the second largest river in Myanmar. It exits from Luxi, Yunnan and enters Myanmar. It is 1,660 kilometers in Myanmar and has a drainage area of about 205,000 square kilometers. It passes through Shan State, Kayah State, , Kayin State and Mon State, and finally Incorporated into the Indian Ocean by Motama Bay. The Mekong River enters Myanmar from Xishuangbanna , and mainly flows through the borders between Myanmar's Shan State, Laos and Thailand.
Myanmar has great potential for hydroelectric power generation. According to surveys by Western countries and international organizations, the installed capacity of Myanmar’s hydropower is 18 million kilowatts.
Marine resources
Myanmar has a long coastline, numerous inland lakes, and rich fishery resources. Due to the constraints of capital, technology, fishing, processing, and aquaculture, there is great potential for foreign cooperation and development. Myanmar has a coastline of 2,832 kilometers, an exclusive economic zone of 486,000 square kilometers, a suitable fishing area of 225,000 square kilometers, and an average annual catch of 1.05 million tons.
References
1. Myanmar mineral resources [reference date 2020-02-02]
Female, Wanding Xingchendong, Wanding Xingchen Xiao Muzi, and Wanding Xingchen Li Yu participated in the editing.
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