Special education is an important part of the national education cause and an important symbol for measuring the progress of social civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the whole society must have a kind heart and care for children, especially children with disabilities, and work together to enable them to grow up healthily and feel the warmth of the socialist family. In recent years, Lanzhou Children's Welfare Institute has adhered to the principle of "maximizing the interests of children" and has taken the overall goal of ensuring that every disabled child can receive appropriate education. It has taken multiple measures to coordinate the reform and development of special education, effectively protecting the right of orphan children to receive education and comprehensive development.
1. Open up a new stage of special education development
How to effectively carry out special education work, maximize the potential of orphan children, and help them return to mainstream society as soon as possible is a problem that Lanzhou Children's Welfare Institute has long been studying and exploring. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, special education has received strong support from the Party and the government. The special education of the college has successively gone through three important stages: exploring development, rapid development, and connotation-based development. In June 2011, the Lanzhou Children's Welfare Institute (New Campus), which had an investment of nearly 75.82 million yuan, was completed and put into use. The new campus specially set up an independent special teaching building for special education, with an area of more than 2,100 square meters, and various classrooms and teaching supporting facilities were complete. In July 2012, with the approval of the superior, the Ministry of Special Education was added to the existing internal institutions, further expanding special education resources and carrying out standardized preschool education and special education courses. In 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "run special education well". Special education in the new era ushered in a new stage of development and also faced new development tasks. In May 2019, Lanzhou Ciai Special Education School was unveiled. This is a milestone event in the development of the special education work of the college. It marks that the civil affairs special education has entered an important stage of connotation-oriented development and has opened a new stage of the development of special education in children's welfare institutions. After the establishment of the Special Education School, the college actively explored new paths and models for the development of special education in child welfare institutions based on the needs of institutional transformation and development. According to different special educational needs of children, general and selective courses such as cultural courses, dance, art, music, sports, computer, reading, Chinese language, life mathematics, and social integration have been gradually offered. Teaching venues such as sand table room, suspension training room, sensory training room, rehabilitation training room, psychological counseling room and other teaching places have been enabled to effectively infiltrate the cultivation of children's cognition, emotions, behavior and daily life self-care in the process of special education and teaching, and strive to provide every special child with a good educational environment and fair development opportunities.
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2. Establish a new system for special education and school management
Since the special education school started, in order to overcome the complexity of children's disability categories, no textbooks, and lack of The college has many difficulties such as teachers, based on the growth and educational development needs of special-needed children, and adopts the school-running strategy of carrying out theme education, developing school-based textbooks, focusing on integrated development, and strengthening the "four-step" school-oriented education, focusing on the implementation level of education and teaching, education software support level, educational concept construction level, and teaching staff guarantee level, continuously improving the standardization of institutions' schools, presenting a good situation where special-needed children with severe disabilities have gained income, special education teachers have strengths, and special education schools have established a foundation.After three years of hard work and development, the school now has 10 teaching classes, including 3 preschool classes, 1 early education class, 4 training class, and 2 health education classes. Currently, there are 82 students in school.
The main enrollment targets of special education schools are orphans raised by the hospital. Most of the children have severe disabilities and have difficulty taking care of themselves. Moreover, the children lack family care and warmth, have less contact with society, and lack social learning opportunities. Therefore, the hospital adheres to the people-oriented approach, adheres to the concept of inclusive education, clarifies development goals, and provides full coverage and zero rejection for all children, fully protecting the children's right to receive education. At present, the enrollment rate of disabled children and adolescents in compulsory education in Lanzhou Children's Welfare Institute has increased to more than 90%, an increase of 55 percentage points from 2017, and comprehensively improving the level of popularization of special education.
The 14th Five-Year Plan period is a key stage for my country to build a high-quality education system. In order to promote the connotation-oriented and high-quality development of special education, the college takes integrated education as a starting point and strives to build a suitable and integrated special education system to comprehensively improve the quality of special education. First, build a new school management system. Special education schools set up four major teaching modules: early education, preschool, compulsory education, and health education. Children are assigned to the corresponding classes according to age and ability level, and implement hierarchical and systematic education and teaching. While paying attention to intellectual development and physical rehabilitation, they pay more attention to psychological intervention, social cognition and self-care ability in order to make up for the shortcomings and improve their own abilities. The second is to build a new curriculum system. Based on the physical and mental development characteristics and disability levels of special children, based on physiology and ability, an early education curriculum system for 0-3 years old, a preschool child curriculum system for 3-6 years old, a rehabilitation curriculum system for children with severe disabilities aged 6-18 years old, and a wisdom training curriculum system for children with moderate and mild disabilities aged 6-18 years old, so that children with different degrees of disabilities can teach students according to their aptitude, use teaching methods to learn knowledge, master skills, and better integrate into society. In the compulsory education intelligence training courses, national unified use standards are implemented, and the latest version of the compulsory education intelligence training textbooks published by the People's Education Press are adopted. The third is to build a new integration system. Based on preschool education and compulsory education, we will strengthen close cooperation with the Chunhui Foundation, coordinate planning, scientific deployment, and integrate the optimized allocation of educational and teaching resources, so that schools can run schools to early education and health education, create an integrated education environment, and promote the integrated development of disabled children and ordinary children. Fourth, build a new evaluation system. With the strong support of the education department, an expert group was established to conduct a comprehensive enrollment assessment for disabled children in the hospital. According to the children's situation, educational placement will be made through different channels such as in-class enrollment, special education, and rehabilitation. For new school-age children, admission assessment will be conducted in May every year to establish a standardized and unified special children's admission assessment system.
3. Build a new pattern of development of special education
The development of special education in children's welfare institutions also requires continuous changes in perspective in the process of social progress and the development of child welfare undertakings . Special education in children's welfare homes needs to start from the perspective of advantages. While affirming children's own abilities, it is also necessary to pay more attention to the decisive role of teachers in the quality of education and the level of education and teaching. The construction of the faculty determines the sustainable development of special education and is the fundamental content of doing a good job in special education and teaching. Up to now, the special education school of the college has equipped a total of 28 full-time teachers in various subjects, including 5 early education teachers, 7 preschool teachers, 10 voluntary teachers and 6 health education teachers. In order to give full play to the leading role of party building in special education work, effectively play the vanguard and exemplary role of party members, and cultivate the special education sentiment of party members and teachers, in March 2021, the college established a special education school party branch to comprehensively consolidate the role of grassroots party organizations as a fighting fortress, and lead special education schools to reform and innovate. In order to promote the continuous development of special education, the college has included special education work and the construction of special education schools in the work priorities of the entire college for three consecutive years, continuously improving the school’s hardware construction and meeting teaching needs.Through the transformation and upgrading of classrooms and teaching environments, the opening of special classrooms for interest courses and the renewal of teaching equipment, conditions have been created for special teaching work. At the same time, a multimedia classroom equipped with 30 computers has been built to ensure the needs of online teaching during the epidemic. The college focuses on the construction of teachers' ethics and the cultivation of professional qualities of the teaching staff. By carrying out school-based training, teachers are selected to participate in special education training and student status training organized by the education system. Strict performance appraisal and mobilize teachers' enthusiasm and creativity in work. Regularly carry out teacher open class evaluation activities, carry out exchanges and discussions and mutual observation and learning, improve teachers' education and teaching level, strengthen the construction of teachers' ethics and style, and establish a good new image of the special education teacher team.
In the context of the new era, special education faces new and higher requirements. With the continuous development of social economy, the development of special education has also been given new missions and tasks. Lanzhou Children's Welfare Institute will take a new attitude, with the goal of optimizing quality improvement and innovating and transforming high-quality development, and strive to build a "full-person education" special education work model covering the entire physical and mental development stage of disabled children, further play the backbone role of Special Education School in special education, and contribute to the progress and development of our city's special education cause.
