There are four parts in this article, which are divided into disassembly instructions, parameter explanation, model selection and purchase suggestions. Each part is divided into functional modules such as CPU, graphics card, memory, etc., and then explained in detail. Part 0: The

This article has four parts, divided into disassembly instructions, parameter explanation, model selection and purchase suggestions. Each part is divided into functional modules such as CPU, graphics card, memory, etc., and then explained in detail.

Part 0 Before writing in the main text

is actually the motivation for writing this popular science article. Whether my friends around me ask me for a configuration order, or if there is a newbie who directly sends a private message to ask or invites answers on Zhihu , most of which are introductory questions:

"Why is my phone 256G, and my computer only 16G?"

"Cookies, I'm interested in Lenovo X390, why is the CPU only 1.6G? My phones are all 2.84G main frequency, and the new computer is not as good as a mobile phone?"

"Cookies, my dad found an acquaintance to get a computer for me, a 1660 graphics card, but I can't carry it with a chicken, and the card is not good. I'm cheated?" (The monitor is plugged into the motherboard)

At this time, I just need to talk a little more deeply...

I really understand this newbie's face is confused. Some newbies with exploratory spirit also went to the famous Kaba Picture Bar, but they took the path of adding money/picking up garbage inexplicably... In order to let the newbies get started with a simple and rough article, I worked hard and finally wrote this very suitable article (Guang Zhengwei'an), and there will be a series of advanced and advanced gameplay updates in the future. The introductory article is about notebooks. The reason is that after my multiple research and a lot of consultations (5 friends), I found that most people’s first computer was a notebook. The following officially begins.




Part 1 Laptop disassembly explains an laptop , which usually includes five main modules: CPU, graphics card, memory, hard disk, and screen, as well as auxiliary modules such as keyboard, audio, and battery. Generally speaking, the performance of the five main modules basically determines the computer's user experience. 1.1 CPUCPU is the brain of a computer. Although the opening description in the computer class thirty years ago is even more rusty than a cake, it is indeed very vivid.

CPU's main functions are logical processing and complex operations. Large-scale games, complex scientific computing, video rendering, image processing, and even operations such as super-large number of Excel tables and long Word documents during office work require relatively high CPU performance support. Gamers pay special attention to the fact that when there are a large number of game characters or objects that can be operated in the game, it is not only the graphics card that tests, but at this time, CPU usage rate may be higher than graphics card. 1.2 graphics card graphics card is a part specially used for graphics processing and 3D rendering. Most of the people who play games have heard about its importance. High-quality games, AI model training, video image rendering acceleration, and certain professional uses will have relatively high requirements for graphics cards. Generally, a core graphics card is integrated into the CPU of a laptop, which has a light performance for daily use and low power consumption. shows separately to deal with the heavy tasks mentioned in the previous paragraph. Strictly speaking, graphics cards actually refer to a complete graphics card module composed of graphics chip (GPU), graphics memory, board, , power supply and heatsink. But in daily situations, the statement of graphics cards and GPUs is basically equivalent. Let’s put a picture, the CPU of the notebook and GPU look like this:

1.3 The reason why memory and hard disk are written together is because many newbies start to fall into the confusion of memory and hard disk when they see the capacity description. Memory is a place where data is temporarily stored, with super fast speed and capacity one or two orders of magnitude smaller than hard drives. The common one is generally 8 - 32GB. After the memory is shut down, the data stored disappears. Therefore, in the past few years, I often saw someone writing papers for several hours. If a power outage or accidentally shut down, his mentality exploded. It is because the work ongoing is in memory. Common software in recent years has been automatically saved or archived, which means that temporary data in memory is stored regularly on the hard disk. The hard disk data will not shut down and disappear, the speed is much slower than memory and has a large capacity. The hard drive is usually a few hundred GB to several TB.

1.4 Screen screen is the most used part when facing computers.You can only use 60% of the CPU performance, the hard disk can use half of the capacity, and you can't cover half of the screen. However, for many newbies, the screen is often the most annoying. Because it does not determine the performance, it is usually ignored. The most disgusting thing is that in addition to the resolution and size of the screen, the color temperature, color gamut, and △E are all the same as metaphysics. In a single color gamut, not only has several parameters, but also several sets of different standards. (Stay calm and don’t panic, there will be detailed explanations in the future. Fortunately, in the past two years, major manufacturers have noticed the importance of screens (maybe compared to better screens with mobile phones). As long as you don’t step on some pitfalls, the screen is basically at the “usable” level. I won't put pictures on the screen anymore, I've usually seen this thing. Part 2 Parameter explanation mainly talks about the meaning of the five common parameters in most parts. Many newbies are not absolutely novice. I still know some basic parameters of CPU, graphics card, memory and hard disk, such as i5 or i7, whether the graphics memory is 4G or 8G, etc. (Xiaoshou BB: There seem to be quite a lot of confusing memory and hard disks...) But in addition to these simplest data, how do you look at other parameters? After reading this part, you can ensure that you can figure out what the parameters of the five main modules are. 2.1 CPU For newbies, if you can identify these parameters of the CPU, more than 95% of people: CPU core number/ thread number (C/T), main frequency, and process. Number of cores/number of threads: Usually marked as C/T, which directly determines the multi-core performance of the CPU. It can basically be considered that the more cores the CPU has, the stronger the performance. The number of cores is what is often called a few core CPU, such as a quad-core CPU that is 4C. There are two cases of thread count T. The CPU supports hyperthreading, that is 2 times that of C. For example, 4C8T. The CPU does not support hyperthreading, so it is the same as C. The number of cores C determines the upper limit of the CPU's theoretical performance, while the number of threads T is the icing on the cake, which is better than no. So 6C6T4C8T4C4T. Main frequency: In the case of the same generation of CPUs, the main frequency is directly proportional to performance, which is very simple and crude. However, in recent years, CPUs usually have very high turbo frequency capabilities, which means that the dynamic frequency adjustment range is very large. The final frequency at which can be used stably and fully loaded depends on the computer's own cooling ability, so this parameter is dynamic, don't focus on the highest frequency or default frequency given by the official. Process: It is the manufacturing process of xx nanometers. The smaller the number, the lower the power consumption, and the better the performance when the same power consumption is. Intel is now parallel with 14nm++ and 10nm (three+ means three generations optimized under the large technical framework of 14nm), and AMD is 7nm. Architecture: Architecture determines the internal optimization of the CPU, and the most intuitive impact is the IPC, which is the efficiency under the same main frequency. Generally, there is an English name code, such as Intel's Whiskey Lake, or AMD's Zen 2.

2.1 CPU For newbies, if they can identify these parameters of the CPU, more than 95% of them: CPU core number/thread number (C/T), main frequency, and process. Number of cores/number of threads: Usually marked as C/T, which directly determines the multi-core performance of the CPU. It can basically be considered that the more cores the CPU has, the stronger the performance. The number of cores is what is often called a few core CPU, such as a quad-core CPU that is 4C. There are two cases where the number of threads T is T. The CPU supports hyperthreading, that is 2 times that of C. For example, 4C8T. The CPU does not support hyperthreading, so it is the same as C. The number of cores C determines the upper limit of the CPU's theoretical performance, while the number of threads T is the icing on the cake, which is better than no. So 6C6T4C8T4C4T. Main frequency: In the case of the same generation of CPUs, the main frequency is directly proportional to performance, which is very simple and crude. However, in recent years, CPUs usually have very high turbo frequency capabilities, which means that the dynamic frequency adjustment range is very large. The final frequency at which can be used stably and fully loaded depends on the computer's own cooling ability, so this parameter is dynamic, don't focus on the highest frequency or default frequency given by the official. Process: It is the manufacturing process of xx nanometers. The smaller the number, the lower the power consumption, and the better the performance when the same power consumption is. Intel is now parallel with 14nm++ and 10nm (three+ means three generations optimized under the framework of 14nm's large technology), and AMD is 7nm. Architecture: Architecture determines the internal optimization of the CPU, and the most intuitive impact is the IPC, which is the efficiency under the same main frequency. Generally, there is an English name code, such as Intel's Whiskey Lake, or AMD's Zen 2. There is no problem with choosing the latest in this brainless way.2.2 Graphics card The parameters of graphics card are more complicated than CPU, because strictly speaking, the graphics card actually includes two parts: board and display core, similar to the CPU+ motherboard set. But since it is a tutorial for a newbie, just list a few decisive parameters. Frequency: Like the CPU's main frequency, it is directly proportional to performance and also has an acceleration frequency, but the range is much smaller. Video memory: Where the graphics card output data is temporarily stored. The bigger the better, but it is usually linked to the model specifications of the graphics card, and there are not many options. Generally, 1080P screen resolution starts with 4G and 6G desserts. *Note: There is a dessert saying about graphics cards, which usually refer to models with suitable cost performance and performance that meet the needs of non-fever users. Streaming Processor /Renderer/SP: This is all about the same thing, similar to the number of cores of the CPU, which determines the performance limit of the graphics card. The more the better (the more expensive). For example, GTX1650 has 1024SP, GTX1660Ti has 1536SP, and 1660Ti1650. 2.3 Memory memory parameters are very simple, memory specifications, capacity and frequency. Memory specifications: It is what is commonly referred to as several generations of memory, DDR. The memory appearance of different generations is different and is not compatible with each other at all. The newer the better. Now the mainstream is DDR4. There is also a type called LPDDR, which is the abbreviation of Low Power DDR. It is a low-power version. It was first used on mobile phones and now it has begun to be used on thin and light laptops. Capacity: There is nothing to say about this. The bigger the better. Currently, it starts with 8G lightly used, and 16G moderately used for moderately and severely used. Frequency: Why is it the frequency again... It is the same as all frequencies, the higher the better. However, the memory frequency of has a far less impact on computer performance than that of CPU and graphics cards.

2.4 Hard disk

finally talks about the ladies' house. Strictly speaking, the parameters are only two types of capacity and speed. But what is more brain-burning is that it has different shapes, interfaces and protocols, as well as two types: mechanical hard disk and solid-state hard disk .

Capacity and speed: There is nothing to say, the bigger the better, the faster the better...

mechanical hard drive and solid-state hard drive: a topic that is common, and newbies should have heard of it. The same price is that the mechanical capacity is large and the speed is very slow; the solid-state capacity is small and the speed is fast.

appearance and interface: Decide whether it can be installed... There are two specifications: 2.5-inch and M.2. All mechanical hard disks are 2.5, and solid states are 2.5 and M.2.

protocol: determines the interface rate, there are two types: SATA and NVMe. The 2.5 interface only supports SATA, while the M.2 interface supports SATA and NVMe. NVMe is much faster.

summarizes the appearance, interface and protocol: mechanical hard disks only have 2.5-inch SATA protocol, and solid-state hard disks are available in three types: 2.5-inch SATA, M.2 SATA and M.2 NVMe.

hard disk parameters are messy. To summarize:

should buy NVMe solid state drives with M.2 interface quickly (it depends on whether the computer has an M.2 interface. If you don’t have one, you can only buy 2.5 SATA solid state).

If you want to upgrade the warehouse disk, you can buy a mechanical hard disk based on the capacity.

2.5 Screen

In order to prevent it from being so spicy that it is strongly recommended to buy a screen with at least qualified parameters.

at least qualified standards: 1080P+IPS or VA material + 90%sRGB or 72%NTSC, and the importance decreases in sequence. If you can't understand

, it's OK to continue reading.

size: screen size. The measurement method is calculated as diagonal length, inches. 1 inch ≈ 2.54 cm, generally a slight error is normal, for example, 15.3-15.6 is usually called 15 inches.

resolution: indicates the delicateness of the screen. Under the same size, the larger the resolution, the more delicate the screen. Common screen resolution correspondence:

768P: 1366*768 (spicy chicken, don't buy it)

1080P: 1920*1080

2K: 2560*1440

4K: 3840*2160

Color gamut: represents the color range that can be displayed. Common standards include NTSC and sRGB, both marked with percentages (for example, 99% sRGB). Usually the larger the number, the brighter the color.

refresh rate: indicates the number of times the screen is refreshed per second, the higher the smoother and smoother. The most common one is 60Hz (refreshed 60 times per second), and the higher ones are 120, 144, 240, and 300.

Screen material: The process and materials for manufacturing the screen determine the basic properties of the screen. There are three common types: IPS, VA, and TN.The three screens are IPSVATN from the color and visual perspective, and TNVAIPS from the refresh rate and response speed.


Part 3 Model Interpretation If you find a big shot and write a more "insider" configuration sheet for your low-end LOL gaming laptop, you will probably get a string of things: i5 9300H/GTX1650/D4 2666 8G/512G/15.6 1080P 72% After you see this line of words, you will suddenly feel enlightened, and the expression on your face gradually becomes like this:

students who have carefully read the parameter explanation immediately used the skills they just learned and identified that DDR4 2666 8G is the three parameters of memory, 512G is probably a solid-state drive, 15.6 1080P 72% should be a screen. It is easy to see (mathematical terms), the parameters are marked directly on the memory, hard disk, and screen, and no one usually looks at the model. Only the CPU and graphics card models and performance are directly related to each other, and they are common, so the model interpretation is only the CPU and graphics card. 3.1 CPU models of CPU notebooks are generally in this form:

Description: Series: Intel has i3/i5/i7/i9, and AMD is R3/R5/R7/R9, which basically corresponds to the performance and price of entry-level/mainstream/high-end/fever. Algebra: This number basically +1 per year, which is what is often called generations of CPU. Currently, Intel is the latest in the 10th generation, and AMD is the 4th generation. Performance level: The same generation and the same series, the bigger this number, the better the performance, but the difference is usually not big. Suffix: Common laptops: H: high-performance mobile, also known as standard pressure, is mostly used in gaming laptops and workstations. High performance, relatively high heat generation and power consumption. U: Mobile low power consumption, also known as low voltage, is mostly used in thin and light notebooks. Low performance, relatively small heating and power consumption. HK: Standard compression unlock frequency doubled, generally only top CPUs can have it, and overclocking can be performed. Add a few rare notebooks and desktop computers: Y: Ultra-low power consumption, generally used in fanless or ultra-light notebooks, with the lowest performance and power consumption. No suffix: Desktop version, can be removed usually used on desktop computers. K: Desktop version unlocks the frequency double. B: The difference between it and the desktop version is that it is not detachable and soldered on the motherboard. Other specifications are not much different from desktop versions. X: The price of desktop fever models, top U, CPU and matching motherboard is absolutely worth the mark. In addition, Intel has a special CPU model. This type of CPU core graphics performance is higher than that of H and U. It is generally used in flagship thin and light notebooks without independent graphics:

series, algebra, performance level: basically the same as above. Core display specifications: three levels: G1, G4, and G7. The larger the core, the better. 3.2 Graphics Card Given that AMD has no presence in the field of mobile graphics card for the time being, let’s just look at the model of NVIDIA. (A Pink Shock) Model as shown in the figure:

Description: Prefix: mark the level or characteristics of the obvious card. Common prefix: MX: a low-performance independent graphics card, generally used in low-priced all-purpose notebooks and thin and light notebooks, and can support games with low performance requirements such as LOL. GTX: High-performance independent graphics level, generally used in high-performance all-around notebooks or gaming notebooks. RTX: High-performance independent graphics level with ray tracing unit, RTX at the same performance level performs better than GTX. Add a few uncommon: G: The graphics card prefix that was very low-performance in the early years has not been seen for many years. GT: It has similar positioning to MX. Since the 10th generation, there is only the model GT1030, which is used in desktop computers. Algebra: N card is almost two years old. Before 10, they were all one number (such as 7, 8, 9), and after 10, they were all two number (such as 10, 20). Specifically, 16 and 20 are first-generation products, RTX series 20 and GTX series 16. Performance level: The larger the number, the higher the performance (the more expensive). There are three MX levels: 1, 3, and 5, and GTX/RTX has four GTX, 6, 7, and 8. There were 9, but I haven't seen each other for many years. G and GT are gradually disappearing, so I won’t talk about it. Suffix: Ti: Performance between the same level without Ti and higher level. SUPER: It is the suffix just released by this generation of graphics cards. The performance is similar to Ti. The difference is that Ti is divided into different models of the same generation of products. SUPER is a semi-generation upgrade launched later, which will replace the original model. Max-Q: Low-power version. It is common to use a small amount of performance loss in exchange for lower power consumption and heating. Video memory capacity: No need to say more about this.Unlike computer memory, usually a model of graphics card has a fixed combination of graphics memory capacity and cannot be replaced by itself. For example, GTX1650 4G.




Chapter 4 The purchase guide has finally arrived in this chapter. I guess at least 50% of people saw the directory and it was so boring to see the parameters. When I don’t know, I’ll just check it. God, it sounds like a good suggestion, which is really interesting.

4.0 FBI Warning! The number starting with 0, the title in English and the exclamation mark at the end all indicate that this part is really important. Must read! ! !

This part is about several large-scale pits, Shenkeng, sinkhole craters that newcomers are prone to encounter.

physical stores (especially electronic city) buy computers

Taobao/ JD whole machine (desktop)

Xianyu face-to-face transactions (also especially near electronic city)

part ignoring the demand and forcibly recommending people in the circle

part sells computer relatives/friends

the first three suggestions should not be touched at all, and pay attention to distinguishing their tone and attitude in the last two.

Let me briefly talk about where the pit is. It is inevitable that I will encounter curious people who really jump to the pit.

Classic routines in physical stores:

You want to specify the model of computer or hardware, and the seller will use "better performance" and "good compatibility" and other pseudo parameters that you don't understand, to fool you into buying a model that is actually very spicy. What's more, I'll tell you to go to the warehouse to get it, ask you to pay the deposit, and then come back and say it's gone, and change the model. If you want to leave, you will deduct the deposit based on the reason you have already proposed the goods, or force you to buy the spicy chicken model. In the early years, it was very popular in a certain village.

Taobao/JD.com whole machine (desktop):

Except for a small number of stores that make money by hard work and fine price tags, most of the outrageously low-priced stores are beneficiaries of Intel's toothpaste squeeze.

To put it bluntly, it relies on the slow growth of Intel CPU performance in recent years, resulting in the performance of electronic waste a few years ago. In addition to other hardware produced by small N-line factories, and even renovating second-hand parts, it is OK to create a junk score, but basically no stability and after-sales service, with a very high rollover rate.

Xianyu face-to-face transaction:

risks are similar to physical stores, and many Xianyu face-to-face communication is a way to attract customers in physical stores.

must choose Xianyu and try not to meet in person. After express delivery, it is the safest thing to check slowly.

People in the circle who ignores demand:

is more common in the pedestrian show of superiority in half a bottle of water. You said that if you want to buy a gaming laptop for a college student, you have to tell you that it is better to have a thin and light laptop + desktop computer. If you really want to buy a desktop computer, every time you spend vacation, you can first remove the machine, then use a separate suitcase to pull it home, and then install it. Repeat the above operation for one month and pull it back to school, twice a year.

Take notes during class and also recommend you to buy iPad Pro/Surface.

In the end, you are just an e-sports player who plays LOL, and the desktop graphics card fans do not turn on every day.

class? What class?

Relatives/friends selling computers:

Half of life cheating, acquaintances Grand Slam. These are the common pitfalls in

. Please keep your peace.

Let’s talk about some common and reliable channels, which are recognized.

JD.com self-operated: After-sales service is the best, the second-hand East phenomenon has also decreased in recent years.

official website: If you don’t believe it on the official website, you won’t believe it anymore.

Tmall flagship store : It is much worse than JD’s self-operated after-sales convenience and logistics speed, but the rest are not bad.

Suning.com : Offline electrical giants are turning to online battlefield, which is generally reliable.

Pinduoduo: At least recently, it seems that the official channels with subsidies are really delicious. After-sales disputes are slightly worse than the first three companies.

or above FBI Warning section, and the following are the real information.

4.1 About notebook market classification

There are many notebooks on the market now, but overall, they can be basically divided into the following three categories:

all-round book: pursuing balance and cost-effectiveness. It is lightweight and has moderate performance, and is relatively cost-effective outside performance parameters (such as keyboard feel, speakers, workmanship details, etc.), suitable for daily applications that are not feverish and unprofessional, and the price is generally below 6,000.

thin and light notebook: pursues thinness, battery life, and appearance.Therefore, the performance upper limit is not high, resulting in price differences usually reflected in places outside performance parameters, such as stability, design, workmanship, battery life, after-sales service, etc.

Performance Book/Game Book: Pursuing performance, many have RGB lights and Shamatt appearance. The 5000 starts without a cap, and the most sells at the price of 6000-8000, and the performance is proportional to the price. Especially for all students and parents, don’t be confused by the names. Game notebooks are not just about playing games, but most of the money is paid for performance, so they are suitable for high-performance needs such as playing games. High performance is also a must-have when doing some video editing and professional learning. And the higher the performance, the later it will naturally be eliminated.

students can choose the type they need according to their needs. For example:

A is a starting writer. He often goes to and from Starbucks , McDonald's , university library and other places to write. For this requirement, a thin and light notebook is obviously more convenient for it to write for a whole day without a power supply, and it is not heavy.

B is a little otaku who weighs only about 110 kilograms. He plays games in the dormitory every day. That is undoubtedly a gaming laptop.

C is a freshman girl who just entered the first year of the year. She only bought a computer to do PPT chase dramas, or emulator mobile games, and she doesn't play large-scale games and has no professional software use. Because I have to take classes occasionally, it’s not too heavy. The most important thing is not to be too expensive, because buying cosmetics and clothes at the beginning of school has already cost an iPhone... In this case, it is naturally enough to buy an all-around capital.


4.2 Selection of laptop CPU This part can be read in conjunction with the model - CPU part. The CPU is only available in Intel and AMD. Intel has been trying to beat AMD in a variety of ways in the past decade, but in recent years, AMD's salted fish has turned 180 degrees, and in turn has hit Intel. However, the explosion is limited to hardware performance and power consumption. In the areas where Intel has accumulated for many years, such as compatibility, brand effect, , after-sales, sales channels, etc., it cannot be caught up in a short period of time. This is also the reason why Intel is temporarily high in price and low in performance and AMD is cost-effective. Summary: Buy Intel for sure and buy AMD for a price-performance ratio. Common models: thin and light notebook: √ Choose i5-10210U or i7-10710U depending on the price. i5-1035G1/G4 or i7-1065G7 core graphics performance is much higher, the CPU performance is slightly lower, and it is more friendly to light games × It is strongly not recommended to choose i7-10510U. It is both quad-core, and the performance is about 10% more than i5, and the price is much more expensive × It is not recommended to choose R5-3500U or R7-3700U. AMD Ryzen 3rd generation is average, and the fragrance is doubled for the fourth generation: √ Intel chooses i5-9300H or i7-9750H× It is not recommended to choose AMD Ryzen 3rd generation standard pressure. The reason is that there are basically no computers to carry, the selection surface is very narrow, and the performance is not much different from Intel of the same level. If you have to have it, it is R5-3550H and R7-3750H. It is also recommended to wait for Ryzen 4th generation all-around book: √ It is basically a low-voltage U suffix, and the standard pressure H is rare. You can refer to the thin and light notebook section 4.3. The graphics card selection performance depends on the model directly. Common models are sorted from low to high (the price and performance are the same): MX250MX350GTX1050GTX1650GTX1660TiRTX2060RTX2070max-QRTX2070RTX2080 max-QRTX2080 light game MX series or 50 series general online games or STEAM player 60 series or small fire 70 series for fever and not short of money. Just go to 80 to


4.4 Screen selection First of all, in 2020, those who are still using color gamuts below 1080P or below 72 are all electronic hot chickens. Resolution: Starting at 1080P, the higher the better. *Exceptions when playing large games, high resolution will increase the requirements for graphics cards. Playing common 3A games, at 2K resolution, the graphics card must be at least RTX2060, and 4K starts directly at 2070. Refresh rate: 60Hz is sufficient for ordinary use. Gamers, especially FPS competitive gamers, can consider a higher 144 or 240. *High refresh rate is the same as high resolution, and has requirements for graphics card performance. It is recommended that the graphics card with high refresh rate should not be lower than 1660Ti unless you do not play games. Color gamut: Start with 72% NTSC or 90% sRGB. *The color gamut is the same as the resolution, and there are several levels rather than continuous. The ones lower than 72NTSC are not 71 or 70, but 60, and the next level is 45. When the 72 color gamut has been mature and mass-produced and affordable, the 45 or 60 color gamut basically means that the screen is white and the color is light. Material: IPS first choice, VA second choice, TN last. IPS is the most preferred color and visual angle, but IPS is difficult to achieve high refresh rate.So when the refresh rate is determined, try to do it in this order. 4.5 Memory and hard disk selection memory: Light daily use, 8G is basically enough, with certain gaming or professional requirements, so 16G should start, and there is no cap on the top. Given the current strange strategy of the manufacturer's product line, many models only have 16G memory only at high-priced top-end devices. You can buy an 8G computer and upgrade it yourself. *Onboard memory description: In 2020, many thin and light notebooks have onboard memory (welded to the motherboard and cannot be replaced and upgraded), so they blocked the path mentioned above, so try to buy 16G and above in one step. Of course, if it is clear that in the next few years, you will only browse light applications such as web pages, or if the money is very tight. Game notebooks usually don’t have onboard memory, and all-around notebooks are rare.

Hard disk: Light daily use 256G is enough, other professional uses depend on your capacity requirements. An experienced driver with 10T resources must buy two mechanical disks as warehouses. *Onboard hard disk description: Like memory, there are currently a very small number of thin and light laptop hard disks (SSDs) that are soldered to the motherboard. If you want to upgrade later when buying, you should pay special attention. *Interface and appearance: For computers with non-onboard hard drives, all 2.5-inch hard drives have begun to gradually abandon and use the M.2 interface in full. Before upgrading, you should figure out the type of hard disk supported by your computer.