If you count from the small station training to the president of the Republic of China, the rise of the Yuan Shikai Group has only been a short 20 years. In terms of achievements, Yuan Shikai should surpass his predecessors Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang. However, only four years later, the Beiyang Group was distracted and collapsed due to the monarchy problem, and it lost a chance for modern China to revive.
So why is the Yuan Shikai Group so fragile and suddenly destroyed? There are roughly several reasons for this:
First, the Yuan Shikai Group is too speculative and has no clear political opinions.
During the Reform Movement of 1898, Yuan Shikai and Xu Shichang both participated in this reform movement aimed at saving China from peril and making China prosperous and powerful. But in fact, they are not really in favor of reforms, but to gain hope and capital. Therefore, when the power struggle between Cixi and Guangxu was divided, Yuan Shikai gave up his proposition and turned to Cixi.
After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionaries advocated republic. Yuan Shikai was already the prime minister of the Qing government, but in order to seize the post of interim president of the Republic of China, he gave up his long-held constitutional monarchy and negotiated with the South , Changed to a republic.
Actually, Yuan Shikai doesn't believe in the republic at all, and his purpose is to harvest the fruits of the revolution. If Yuan Shikai is able to implement a republic after serving as the interim president, then Chinese history will also change later, at least there will be no warlords and misfortunes. Obviously, Yuan Shikai's lack of political opinion is one of the important reasons for the collapse of the Yuan Group.
Second, in order to seize power and benefits, what the Yuan Group does is not restricted by any moral and order culture, and does whatever it wants.
During Yuan Shikai's fortune, bribery was always his most important means. He first bribed Rong Lu to gain trust, and then bribed Yikuo to open up the joints and make his Beiyang Group grow step by step. The same is true for other core figures in the group, who regard bribery as the first priority and money as the panacea.
As of the Republic of China, the political behavior of Yuan Shikai and Beiyang Group became more unrestricted. In order to seek benefits, they adopt money politics, assassinate dissidents, destroy party members, and betray the Republic of China.Since the relationship between the members of this group is based on the interests of seeking personal interests, once the interest goal does not exist or is not met, the division and collapse of the group will be inevitable.
Third, the private attributes of the army.
Like the Hunan and Huai armies, Yuan Shikai served the Beiyang Group as a private company, and members of the group also regarded him as a parent of food and clothing. Absolute obedience and loyalty to Yuan Shikai are the basic principles. As for the political norms of the state and the government, it is almost worthless. . In other words, apart from Yuan Shikai, no one can maintain the unity and authority of this group.
Fourth, over-belief in strength.
Yuan Shikai started in the army and admired Li Hongzhang especially. He values strength, especially the military, and deeply understands that in modern China, if there is no gun in his hand, his political status cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, they worship power, first rely on the Qing dynasty and powerful bureaucrats, then create their own power group, and step by step from Zhili to control the country.
After arriving in the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai still worshiped force and believed that force was the fundamental solution to problems. When Yuan Shikai became emperor, Zhang Guogan, his aide, used public opinion, diplomacy, and military to persuade him to act cautiously. Yuan Shikai said: “Public opinion is a function of the air and has already been arranged. In diplomacy, Britain and the United States are controlling Japan, and the military is in my grasp.” Due to excessive superstition. The use of force while ignoring other social forces ultimately led to the failure of Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang Group.
Fifth, it lacks a big picture and doesn't look at the world.
Yuan Shikai has relied on and implemented a set of traditional bureaucratic political experience accumulated over a long period of time. As the leader of the Beiyang Group and the President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai lacks sufficient understanding of the world's general situation. Most of his daily contact with corrupt bureaucrats has drawn a certain distance from the ever-changing development trend.
Facts have proved that Yuan Shikai's concept is relatively outdated, after all, he is just a traditional bureaucrat. This situation determines that the Yuan Group can only be a hurried passer-by on the Chinese political arena, and cannot lead modern China, which is full of crises, to the light.
Due to various defects in the Yuan Shikai Group,It is doomed that this group's control of state power can only be a short-lived phenomenon, which is of a transitional nature. After Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang Group immediately collapsed, disputes arose, and soon went to extinction in internal strife.
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