electric drive system is one of the core systems of new energy vehicle . Its performance determines the main performance indicators of car driving such as hill climbing ability, acceleration ability and maximum vehicle speed. Whether it is BEV (pure electric vehicle), HEV/PHEV (series and parallel structure) and fuel cell vehicle , all require an electric drive system to drive the vehicle. At present, the mainstream model of electric drive systems in the pure electric vehicle industry is to integrate motors, motor controller and reducers, forming the three major components of the three-in-one electric drive system
electric drive system - motor, electrical control and reducer: drive motor uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to realize the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy and drive the vehicle to drive. When the vehicle slows down, the wheels drive the motor to charge the battery pack, realizing the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. The drive motor is mainly composed of stator, rotor, casing, connector, rotary transformer and other components. The motor controller is based on the hardware and software design of power semiconductors, and conducts real-time control of the working status of the drive motor and continuously enriches other control functions. The motor controller is mainly composed of control software, IGBTh module, automotive membrane capacitor, printed circuit board (PCB) and microcontroller unit (MCU) and other devices. The reducer reduces the output speed through the gear set to increase the output torque to ensure that the electric drive system continues to operate in the efficient range. The reducer consists of input shaft, intermediate shaft, differential and bearing and other components.
Integration trend of electric drive system: electric drive system design has gone through the development stage of independent, two-in-one, three-in-one and all-in-one. Independent type refers to the existence of motors, electronic controls, reducers and other accessories independently. This model mainly exists in early electric vehicle products. The advantage is that it is simple technology, and the disadvantage is that it takes up a large space. The two-in-one solution is to integrate the motor and reducer, while the three-in-one solution is to integrate the electrical control, the motor and reducer. The three-in-one solution is the current mainstream solution for electric drive systems. It is a general trend to integrate more functions of the electric drive system, such as the DriveONE system of Huawei , which will be launched by MCU (microcontrol unit), motor, reducer, DCDC (DC converter), OBC (car charger), PDU (power distribution unit), and BCU (battery control unit), realizing the deep integration of mechanical components and power components.
electric drive efficiency is determined by the operating efficiency of the drive motor, controller , and reducer, and is an important indicator for measuring the performance of the electric drive system. The high peak efficiency and high efficiency range of the electric drive system can make the same mileage consume less electricity under the same conditions, which is conducive to the increase in the vehicle's range and is the most concerned technical indicator for new energy vehicle manufacturers and users.
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