Yumen Pass is a site of the Great Wall Pass and barrier beacon tower (beacon tower) in the Han Dynasty in China. It is located in the northern border of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. As for why Yumen is called Yinmen in the title, I will specifically talk about it later.
As a large-scale and complete ancient defense system, Yumen Pass is not an independent gate fortress, but is linearly distributed with Yumen Pass ruins as the center, about 45 kilometers long from east to west and about 0.5 kilometers wide from north to south.
In this linear site area, there are 2 city sites, Xiaofangpancheng (Yumen Pass) and Dafangpancheng ( Hecangcheng ), 20 beacon towers and 17 Great Wall sidewall ruins.
According to historical records, Emperor Wu of Han was to resist Xiongnu , contacted Western Regions countries, "isolated Qiang and Hu, opened up east and west transportation, and "listed four counties and two passes" in Hexi, and built blocks and beacons in sections.
Yuanding in the sixth year (111 BC), built blocks from Lingju (now Yongdeng County, Gansu Province) to Jiuquan (now Jiuquan City, Gansu Province) , In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (107 BC), the blockade was built from Jiuquan to Yumen Pass. In the late years of Wang Mang, the Western Regions were cut off, Yumen Pass was closed, and the Han Pass was abandoned.
Our group took these two cars and started our first stop today - Walking Pancheng:
Dafang Pancheng Ruins.
Dafang Pancheng Ruins are the "Chang'an Cang" site of the Han Dynasty, on the Gobi Desert about 90 kilometers northwest of in Dunhuang City. It is located about 10 kilometers north of Xiaofang Pancheng (Han Yumen Pass), Because it is larger than Xiaofangpancheng, it is named Dafangpancheng.
According to research, this city was built in the Han Dynasty and was a warehouse for reserve grain fodder. Only this place was found in Gansu.
city is built with rammed earth slabs, which are rectangular and 132 meters long from east to west. 17 meters wide from north to south, and the highest point of the ruins is 6.7 meters.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 l0
ｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍａｍ� 121 years), ending in the fourth year of Taichu (101 BC).
starts from Wanyaomdun at the west end of Dunhuang City in the west, along the Shule River , passes through Houkengzi, Yumen Pass, and Da Crescent Lake, enter Anxi , passes through West Lake, Wanghuobao, Bulongji, and Qiaowan, passes through the Beishi River in Yumen City, and then enters Juyan along the north of Jinta. Another way from Jinta Shun Heihe through Gaotai, Linze, Zhangye , Shandan, passes through Yongchang, Minqin, Wuwei, Gulang, Yongdeng and other places, crosses Yellow River and enters Ningxia. The total length in Gansu is 1 More than 000 kilometers.
Han Great Wall is built in segments due to the needs of military defense, so its systems are different. Generally speaking, pavilions are first set up, and then walls are built according to the needs of the terrain. Therefore, some places have pavilions but no walls, which are intermittent, but in general, they can still be connected to one line to form an overall military defense alarm system.
When constructing, they adapt to local conditions and use materials on the spot. Sand and earth rammed the wall, mixed with Red willow , Populus euphratica , reeds and Robu sert and other objects are used to bond and solidify the meridians and are extremely strong. The soil on the outside is taken to form a trench protection place, and fine sand is laid in the trench to check the footprints of transiters, which is called "Tiantian".
High places inside, shu, dune, fort, and city are connected to each other, so-called "five miles one shu, ten miles one shu, 30 miles one fort, and a hundred miles one city". Beacon has various forms such as rammed earth slab construction, reeds, poplar, red willow, etc., rammed earth outsourcing adobe construction, adobe building, etc., and the height is 10 meters.
Although it has experienced two thousand years of wind, sand, snow and rain, some areas are still as solid as rocks, standing in the Gobi desert, like a winding dragon, with extraordinary momentum. The best preserved ones are Yumenguan section, West Lake section, Ruoshui section and Minqin section. There are still beacon towers along the line, with the bottoms ranging from 3 to 8 meters wide and more than 3 meters high, and some are as high as 10 meters. When encountering a great enemy, you will pass by beacon towers, and you will reach , Chang'an, , a thousand miles a day.
The Great Wall not only provides security guarantees for the smooth flow of the ancient Silk Road, but also is also a link for economic and cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups inside and outside the pass.
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～�
The small Fangpan City here is the ruins of Yumen Pass, also known as Yinmen, Death Gate or Hell Gate Pass on Earth. It is the oldest city in Dunhuang City, located in the vast desert 90 kilometers northwest of . Not far west of Yumen Pass is the famous Lop Nur no man's land.
During the Western Han Dynasty, the first major thing Emperor Wu of Han did after conquering the Huns and recovering Hexi was to "list four counties and follow the two gates". The four counties were the familiar Jiuquan, Wuwei, Zhangye and Dunhuang, and the two gates were Yangguan and Yumen Pass.
It is said that in the traditional cultural concepts of the Central Plains, the south of the mountain is called Yang and the north of the mountain is called Yin. The southern pass is named Yangguan , while the northern pass is "Yinguan" (Yumenguan), which echoes the north and south to form a complete Yin-Yang layout diagram.
But it is named "jade" instead of "yin", because the ancients believed that jade has the function of warding off evil. In fact, in later documents, "Yumen Pass" is the synonym for "Death Pass" or "Ghost Pass", which is often associated with war and death.
" Book of the Later Han " Volume 47 " Ban Chao Biography " records: After Ban Chao's mission to the Western Regions for 31 years, he wrote a letter to the court, requesting to return to the Central Plains. Among them, the sentence "I dare not see Jiuquan County said, "I hope to be born into Yumen Pass" means that I hope to return to my hometown through Yumen Pass, the gate of hell in my life.
. According to the driver, there is another saying among the people, that is, the reason why the Yumen is also called Yinmen is actually a female Yinmen. Its shape is quite pictographic
The existing city wall is square, 24 meters long from east to west and 26.4 meters wide from north to south, and 9.7 meters high. It is all made of yellow glue soil with an area of 633 square meters. There is a gate of the west and north walls. There is a large east-west lane under the north slope of the city. It is the historical journey between the Central Plains and the Western Regions and the Post-Online .
According to another study, the Yumen Pass described by the poet of the Tang Dynasty was in Shuangta Fort in Anxi County, and the ruins are difficult to identify.
This is the existing Yumen Pass of the Han Dynasty. Many valuable cultural relics have been unearthed here, such as brushes, inkstones, brocades, hunting tools, etc.
In April 1907, the British Stein discovered the Han bamboo slip with the words "Yumen Duwei Mansion" at the ruins of Xiaofangpancheng, and it was determined that this was the location of Yumen Pass. Later, in October 1943, archaeologists Xia Nai and Yan Wenru excavated here the Han bamboo slips with the words "Jiuquan Yumen Duwei ". Since then, the historical community has determined that this is Yumen Pass in the Han Dynasty.
Looking north at the Great Wall, like a dragon swimming in the vast sea. The earth is vast and the journey is rare, so the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Zhihuan has the sentence "The spring breeze does not cross the Yumen Pass".
Although it has been eroded by wind and rain for more than two thousand years, the walls still exist. Under the north wall slope outside the city of Guancheng, there is an ancient road that runs east-west, which is the famous middle road of the ancient Silk Road.
. Continue north is the Great Wall of Han. You can vaguely see the remains of the ancient Great Wall winding and beacon towers standing.
Finally, I will report it:
Here tickets are 40 yuan/person, sightseeing buses are 50 yuan/person,
Opening hours: 08:00~18:00
Just for the sentence "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not cross the Yumen Pass." This is still a very worthwhile visit [心][心][心]
