在西方媒體主導的世界輿論場，充斥著對中國的歪曲報道，中國媒體想努力發聲，糾正視聽，卻被外媒炒作為「中國媒體威脅論」。
紐約時報：當新冠疫情襲來時，中國做好了準備講述自己的故事
當地時間5月9日，《紐約時報》發表文章稱，中國一直在動用自己的資金和權力，試圖打造出一套能夠抗衡BBC及CNN的全球媒體方案。
The New York Times recently published an article saying that China is creating an alternative to a global news media dominated by outlets like the BBC and CNN, and to insert Chinese money and power into the media in almost every country in the world.
作者本·史密斯（Ben Smith）在文中透露，國際新聞工作者聯合會（International Federation of Journalists）將於5月12日發布一份報告，講述中國是如何在全球拓展其媒體影響力的。
首先，作者羅列出一系列所謂「令人震驚的」（astonishing）現象。例如中國同時推行了英語版本和塞爾維亞語版本的《中國日報》；一名菲律賓記者估計菲國內通訊社超過半數的報道都來自新華社等。
中國日報在美國西雅圖的報箱 圖源：路透社
此外，這份報告還將新冠疫情期間與中國相關的正面報道渲染成中國外交的一部分，卻罔顧中國積極對他國抗疫施予援手的事實：
「As the pandemic started to spread, Beijing used its media infrastructure globally to seed positive narratives about China in national media...」
「隨著新冠疫情開始蔓延，中國利用其在全球媒體上的渠道，在國家媒體上傳播與中國相關的正面報道……」
The report found that a new media push accompanied the intense round of Chinese diplomacy in the pandemic, providing protective equipment initially and then vaccines to countries around the world.
報告認為，中國在新冠疫情期間開展的猛烈外交伴隨著新一輪的媒體宣傳，先是向世界各國提供了防護設施，接著又提供了疫苗。
更為諷刺的是，作者在文中提到「中方打壓外國媒體、不給美國記者發籤證」：
China has also cracked down on foreign correspondents inside its borders... and denying visas to American reporters, including most of the New York Times bureau.
中國還對其境內的外國記者進行打壓……並拒絕向美國記者發放簽證，包括《紐約時報》的大部分分社記者。
卻全然不提事情的起因是美方自2018年以來無限期拖延甚至拒簽20多名中國記者的簽證，將中國駐美媒體註冊為「外國代理人」、列為「外國使團」，去年3月變相驅逐60名中國駐美記者，還將所有中國駐美記者簽證停留期削減至不超過90天等事實。
外國網友：
難道不該鼓勵不同的聲音嗎？
值得一提的是，不少外國網友看到了這篇文章背後彰顯出的西方媒體所固有的偏見與問題。
CNN、紐約時報、BBC之流都不能稱得上是全球媒體。它們就是分布在全球的西方媒體。你們不能代表全球聲音。你們只能代表一部分的西方聲音。有點兒自知之明吧。
中國完全有權力講出他們自己的故事。這個世界被西方媒體控制太久了。難道我們不應該鼓勵一切不同的聲音嗎？
眾所周知，BBC和CNN就是宣傳工具。
恭喜！這正是我們喜聞樂見的事。希望有一天這個世界能打破被西方媒體所控制著的輿論。
BBC和CNN能繼續向他們的目標受眾撒謊的唯一方法，就是確保這些受眾聽不見其他的聲音。
外交部回應：
世界不應只有CNN和BBC
在5月11日外交部例行記者會上，外交部發言人華春瑩在回答記者與這篇文章相關的提問時表示，報道稱報告認為中國在全球加大傳播有關中國的正面敘事，感覺像是對中國新聞工作者工作的一種肯定。
The part concerning positive narratives about China sounds like recognition for Chinese media workers.
然後，她用五點做了一些初步回應：
第一，世界本來就是豐富和多元的，在媒體領域，不應只有CNN和BBC，各國都應該有自己的聲音。作為擁有14億人口、佔世界人口總數近五分之一、擁有5000年綿延不斷文明、全球第二大經濟體和最大發展中國家的中國，當然應該、也值得在國際輿論格局擁有自己的一席之地。
First, the world is a diverse and colorful place. In the media sector, instead of having CNN and BBC only, countries should all have their own voices. China has an uninterrupted civilization that dates back over 5000 years ago. Today, China is the world's second largest economy and the biggest developing country with 1.4 billion people, nearly one fifth of the world's total. Of course we should have and we deserve a place in the international media landscape.
第二，美方一方面濫用話語霸權，打著「自由」的幌子對中國肆無忌憚地進行虛假信息攻擊，另一方面將意識形態凌駕於客觀真實的原則之上，通過抹黑打壓中國媒體來為自己的政治操作搞「辯護」，這是赤裸裸的輿論或者話語霸權。面對針對中國的肆意抹黑攻擊和謠言謊言，中國當然需要發出自己的聲音，在涉及新冠肺炎疫情等一系列重要問題上說明事實真相，留下客觀、真實的人類集體敘事和記憶，這才是負責任的國家真正負責任的態度。
Second, by abusing discourse hegemony, the US has launched a disinformation attack on China under the pretext of media freedom. In the meantime, the US is letting ideology override the principles of objectivity and authenticity and justifying its political manipulation of cracking down on Chinese media through denigration. Such moves are barely-veiled media hegemony or discourse hegemony. In the face of lies and rumors to smear and attack China, it is only natural to make our own voices heard. China explained truth and facts on many important issues including COVID-19 to leave an objective and right collective narrative and memory for mankind. This is what we call a responsible attitude from a responsible country.
第三，中國人講求人無信不立、業無信不興，己所不欲勿施於人。中國媒體秉持客觀真實原則進行新聞報道，不炮製、不散播針對別國的虛假信息。我看到美國國會參院外委會通過「2021年戰略競爭法案」，提出每年要花費3億美元用於傳播抹黑中國的負面信息。相比之下，《紐約時報》報道中提到中方有時為有些國家媒體提供一些抗疫物資方面的幫助根本不算什麼，絕對談不上什麼影響、滲透或者宣傳。
Third, the Chinese people honor credibility, which is important to who you are and what you do. We also believe that people should not do to others what they do not want others to do to themselves. Chinese media make coverage in an objective and never concoct or disseminate disinformation targeting other countries. I have noted that the US Senate Foreign Affairs Committee passed the Strategic Competition Act of 2021, which authorizes $300 million to be appropriated for each fiscal year to "counter the malign influence of the Chinese Communist Party globally". If you bear this figure in mind, then the anti-epidemic supplies China offered to some media agencies are basically nothing, not even bordering influence, infiltration or propaganda.
第四，各國體制不同，媒體如何運營自然會有所不同。評價一個媒體的專業性，最重要的是看它能否恪守新聞職業操守，能否客觀公正報道。新華社是有著近90年歷史的國際知名新聞機構，按照通訊社通行的運營規則，為其遍布全球的各類用戶提供權威性和專業化的新聞資訊。我想新華社同其他國家新聞機構的合作，同美聯社、路透社、法新社、共同社跟世界各國新聞機構合作沒什麼不同。不能因為新華社屬於中國這個社會主義國家，就否定新華社等中國媒體應有的新聞交流合作權利。如果因此指責新華社等中國媒體同其他國家新聞機構開展正常的新聞信息交流合作，這本身就是一種意識形態偏見和政治歧視。
Fourth, due to difference in systems, media outlets in different countries operate in different ways. When evaluating whether a media organization is professional, the most important thing to refer to is whether it abides by journalism ethics of being objective and just in its reporting. The Xinhua News Agency is a world-renowned agency with nearly 90 years of history. Following customary operation rules, it provides authoritative and professional news service to global users. Its cooperation with other news agencies is no different from that of AP, Reuters, AFP, Kyodo with others. No one can deprive Chinese media like Xinhua their right to exchange and cooperation just because it is from China, a socialist country. Accusing Xinhua of engaging in exchange and cooperation with other agencies based on this alone is some sort of ideological bias and political discrimination.
按照報道中的邏輯，新華社、中國日報等中國媒體屬於中國政府，服務的是14億中國人民的利益，那麼CNN等屬於一些壟斷私人資本的媒體，服務的可能只是極少數人或者利益集團的利益。是不是可以這麼理解？
Following the logic in the report, Chinese media including like Xinhua and China Daily are owned by the Chinese government and serve the interest of the 1.4 billion Chinese people. Then, perhaps CNN and other media owned by monopoly private capital serve the interest of a few or interest groups. Can we come to this conclusion?
第五，指責中方打壓外國媒體、不給美國記者發籤證，這完全是顛倒黑白，是非不分。事實是，2018年以來，美方無限期拖延甚至拒簽20多名中國記者的簽證，將中國駐美媒體註冊為「外國代理人」、列為「外國使團」，去年3月變相驅逐60名中國駐美記者，還將所有中國駐美記者簽證停留期削減至不超過90天。這意味著每三個月就得重新申請一次簽證延期，而且每次還要交額外的490美元簽證費。新華社和人民網駐美國記者去年11月初提交的簽證延期申請尚未獲批，按照美方規定，他們自2月初起就被迫停止工作，其中新華社記者已被迫於5月1日回國。還有很多其他中方記者往往是好不容易等來了審批的簽證延期，但已經必須立即再申請下一輪的簽證申請。所以中國駐美媒體記者在美國處於極大不確定狀態，對他們正常的工作甚至生活都帶來了很大不確定性，造成了嚴重負面影響。我想請外國駐華記者朋友捫心自問，你們在中國得到的是什麼待遇？如果美方對待中方媒體駐美記者的待遇、措施、手段落在你們身上，你們會感受如何？
Fifth, it is a complete distortion of facts to accuse China of suppressing foreign media and denying US journalists visa. The fact is that since 2018, the US has indefinitely delayed or denied visa approval for 20 Chinese journalists. It designated US-based Chinese media as "foreign agents" and "foreign missions", expelled 60 Chinese journalists in all but name, and limited visas for Chinese journalists to a maximum 90-day stay. That means they have to apply for an extension every three months and pay $490 for it each time. The visa extension applications submitted by Xinhua New Agency's and People's Daily's correspondents in early November 2020 haven't been approved yet. Following the US rules, they have stopped working since early February. The Xinhua correspondent was forced to return to China on May 1. Besides, many Chinese journalists whose applications were finally approved found that when the notice came, the validity period was almost up, which means they had to start a new round of application right away. All these have put US-based Chinese journalists in great uncertainty and severely affected their work and life. You may ask yourselves, how have you been treated in China? If China were to treat foreign journalists like the US, how would you feel?
針對美方無理打壓，中方被迫作出必要正當合理回應。但是，我們至今沒有對美方無差別將所有中國駐美記者簽證縮短至不超過90天採取反制措施。即便在疫情期間，我們也是想方設法幫助部分滯留國外的美國媒體記者及家屬回到中國。即便是在美方遲遲不予中方駐美記者延期簽證的情況下，我們依然為包括美媒在內的所有外國駐華記者工作生活提供支持和協助，他們在華採訪報道未受到任何影響。事實上，在簽證問題上，近500名外國記者在華記者證有效期絕大多數都是一年。這個事實是非常清楚的，希望有關媒體記者人士都能夠客觀理性看待。
China has no other choice but to make necessary and legitimate responses to the wanton US suppression. We exercised the utmost restraint and has not yet retaliated against the US measure to slash Chinese journalists' visa stay to a maximum of 90 days. After the outbreak of COVID-19, we did what we could to overcome difficulties and help China-based American journalists and their families stranded overseas to return to China. Even though the US refuses to grant Chinese journalists visa extension, we still offer support and assistance to American journalists working in China like all foreign journalists. Their reporting here has not been affected at all. On the visa issue, the overwhelming majority of the nearly 500 foreign journalists in China hold press cards with a validity period of one year. The facts are crystal clear and I hope relevant journalists can all look at this rationally.
編輯：左卓
實習編輯：李金昳
來源：紐約時報 外交部官方網站 觀察者網 推特
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