覃学苦练（62）：精读硕士论文摘要

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“覃学苦练（62）：精读硕士论文《考虑原制造商双向公平关切的闭环供应链决策研究》摘要”
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"Qin Xueku Lian (62): Intensive reading of the master's thesis "Study on closed-loop supply chain decision-making considering the two-way fairness concerns of the original manufacturer" abstract"
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一、思维导图（Mind mapping）

该摘要分析聚焦原制造商双向公平关切对双渠道闭环供应链的影响，涵盖研究背景、目的、方法、内容、结论与意义，系统呈现了研究核心逻辑与价值。

This summary analysis focuses on the impact of original manufacturers' two-way fairness concerns on the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, covering the research background, purpose, methods, content, conclusions and significance, and systematically presents the core logic and value of the research.

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

（一）研究背景（Research background）

1.现实驱动（Reality-driven）

该研究的背景植根于两大现实趋势：一方面，电子商务的蓬勃发展促使双渠道供应链成为企业主流运营模式，线上线下融合的销售网络重塑了传统商业格局；另一方面，废旧产品数量逐年攀升，加剧了环境污染与资源短缺问题，回收再制造作为循环经济的核心路径，因其显著的社会效益与经济效益，吸引了大量原制造商与第三方再制造商参与其中。

The background of this study is rooted in two real trends: on the one hand, the booming development of e-commerce has prompted dual-channel supply chains to become the mainstream operating model of enterprises, and the integrated online and offline sales network has reshaped the traditional business landscape; on the other hand, the number of waste products has increased year by year, exacerbating environmental pollution and resource shortages. Recycling and remanufacturing, as the core path of the circular economy, have attracted many original manufacturers and third-party remanufacturers to participate due to their significant social and economic benefits.

2.核心矛盾（Core contradiction）

在这一背景下，混合再制造模式因其更高的企业利润与社会价值逐渐受到关注，但该模式中存在多重复杂关系：原制造商对产品拥有专利保护，第三方再制造商需支付专利许可费才能参与再制造，而企业的公平关切行为可能进一步影响供应链决策，这些现实矛盾为研究提供了必要性。

In this context, the hybrid remanufacturing model has gradually attracted attention due to its higher corporate profits and social value. However, there are multiple complex relationships in this model: the original manufacturer has patent protection for the product, and the third-party remanufacturer must pay patent licensing fees to participate in remanufacturing. The fairness concerns of enterprises may further affect supply chain decisions. These real contradictions provide the necessity for research.

（二）研究目的（Research objectives）

本研究的核心目的是探究原制造商的 “双向公平关切”行为对闭环供应链的具体影响，通过对比不同决策模型的均衡解，研究旨在明确这种行为偏好如何作用于供应链的定价决策、企业利润、消费者剩余、社会福利及协调机制，最终为企业应对与管理双向公平关切行为提供理论依据和实践指导，同时探索有效的供应链协调方案。

The core purpose of this study is to explore the specific impact of the original manufacturer's "two-way fairness concern" behavior on the closed-loop supply chain. By comparing the equilibrium solutions of different decision-making models, the study aims to clarify how this behavioral preference affects the pricing decisions, corporate profits, consumer surplus, social welfare and coordination mechanisms of the supply chain. Ultimately, it will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for enterprises to respond to and manage two-way fairness concern behaviors, while exploring effective supply chain coordination solutions.

（三）研究方法（Research methods）

研究采用模型构建与对比分析相结合的方法论框架，系统探究原制造商双向公平关切的影响机制。

The study adopts a methodological framework that combines model construction and comparative analysis to systematically explore the impact mechanism of the original manufacturers' two-way fairness concerns.

1.模型设定（Model setup）

模型设定以受专利保护的原制造商、零售商及第三方再制造商构成的双渠道闭环供应链为载体，构建三种决策模型：集中决策模型（以系统总利润最大化为目标）、公平中性分散决策模型（各主体仅追求自身利润，不考虑公平关切）、原制造商双向公平关切下的分散决策模型（原制造商以公平效用最大化为目标，关注与上下游企业的利润分配公平及与第三方再制造商的利润差异公平）。

The model is based on a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with patent-protected original manufacturers, retailers and third-party remanufacturers, constructing three decision models: a centralized model (maximizing total system profit), a fair-neutral decentralized model (each entity pursues its own profit without fairness concerns), and a decentralized model under the original manufacturer’s bidirectional fairness concerns (aiming to maximize fair utility, focusing on profit distribution fairness with upstream/downstream enterprises and profit difference fairness with third-party remanufacturers).

2.求解与对比（Solution and comparison）

在求解与对比环节，研究运用博弈论中的 Stackelberg 博弈方法，以原制造商为领导者、零售商和第三方再制造商为跟随者，依次求解三种模型的均衡解，重点对比不同情形下的定价策略、市场需求量、企业及系统利润等关键指标，以此揭示双向公平关切对供应链决策的具体作用路径。

In the solution and comparison phase, the study applied the Stackelberg game method in game theory, with the original manufacturer as the leader, and the retailer and third-party remanufacturer as followers, to solve the equilibrium solutions of the three models in turn, focusing on comparing key indicators such as pricing strategies, market demand, corporate and system profits under different situations, in order to reveal the specific role of two-way fairness concerns in supply chain decision-making.

3.契约验证（Contract verification）

研究还引入收益共享契约进行协调验证，通过设定合理的收益分配比例，分析契约能否缓解双向公平关切导致的 “双重边际效应”，并结合数值算例模拟不同参数下的结果，进一步佐证理论结论的有效性，确保研究方法的严谨性与结论的可靠性。

The study also introduced a revenue-sharing contract for coordination verification. By setting a reasonable revenue distribution ratio, it analyzed whether the contract could alleviate the "double marginal effect" caused by two-way fairness concerns. It also combined numerical examples to simulate the results under different parameters to further verify the validity of the theoretical conclusions and ensure the rigor of the research methods and the reliability of the conclusions.

（四）研究内容（Research content）

研究内容围绕双渠道闭环供应链中双向公平关切的作用机制展开，具体涵盖供应链结构解析、公平关切的差异化影响分析、多维度指标评估及协调机制探索等方面，形成系统性研究框架。

The research content revolves around the role mechanism of two-way fairness concerns in dual-channel closed-loop supply chains, specifically covering aspects such as supply chain structure analysis, differentiated impact analysis of fairness concerns, multi-dimensional indicator evaluation, and coordination mechanism exploration, forming a systematic research framework.

1.供应链结构分析（Supply chain structure analysis）

在供应链结构层面，明确了“线下+线上”的双渠道分工模式：新产品通过传统零售渠道由零售商负责销售，而原制造商与第三方再制造商生产的再制造产品则通过各自的线上直销渠道直接面向消费者。这一结构中，第三方再制造商因使用原制造商的专利技术，需支付专利许可费，形成“竞争+合作”的特殊关系，既存在市场份额的争夺，又通过专利许可形成利益联结。

At the supply chain level, a dual-channel "offline + online" division of labor model has been established: new products are sold by retailers through traditional retail channels, while remanufactured products produced by the original manufacturer and third-party remanufacturers are sold directly to consumers through their respective online direct sales channels. In this structure, third-party remanufacturers pay patent licensing fees for using the original manufacturer's patented technology, forming a unique "competition + cooperation" relationship, which involves both competition for market share and the formation of mutually beneficial interests through patent licensing.

2.核心变量（Core variables）

在双向公平关切的差异化影响，研究重点剖析了横向与纵向公平关切对不同渠道的针对性作用：横向公平关切（原制造商关注与第三方再制造商的利润差异）主要影响第三方再制造商的直销渠道，其决策会直接作用于第三方再制造产品的定价策略与市场需求量；纵向公平关切（原制造商关注与零售商的利润分配）则聚焦传统零售渠道，影响新产品的批发价制定与零售商的零售定价，进而左右线下市场的需求规模。

In terms of the differentiated impact of two-way fairness concerns, the study focused on analyzing the targeted effects of horizontal and vertical fairness concerns on different channels: horizontal fairness concerns mainly affect the direct sales channels of third-party remanufacturers, and their decisions will directly affect the pricing strategies and market demand for third-party remanufactured products; vertical fairness concerns focus on traditional retail channels, affecting the wholesale price setting of new products and the retail pricing of retailers, thereby influencing the demand scale of the offline market.

3.多维度指标评估（Multi-dimensional indicator evaluation）

多维度指标评估是研究内容的核心，具体包括：定价维度，追踪新产品的批发价与零售价、原制造商及第三方再制造商的再制造产品直销价、专利许可费等关键价格变量的波动；利润维度，测算原制造商、零售商、第三方再制造商的个体利润及供应链系统总利润的变化；社会福利维度，考察消费者剩余与社会整体福利的增减。

Multi-dimensional indicator evaluation is central to the research, including the pricing dimension—tracking fluctuations in key price variables like new product wholesale and retail prices, direct sales prices of remanufactured products by original and third-party manufacturers, and patent licensing fees; the profit dimension—measuring changes in individual profits of original manufacturers, retailers, third-party remanufacturers, and total supply chain system profit; and the social welfare dimension—examining shifts in consumer surplus and overall social welfare.

4.供应链协调机制（Supply chain coordination mechanism）

研究还探索了供应链协调机制，即验证收益共享契约对存在双向公平关切的闭环供应链的调节效果，分析契约参数如何平衡各方利益，最终实现供应链效率优化。通过上述内容的逐层深入，全面揭示了双向公平关切在双渠道闭环供应链中的复杂作用路径。

The study also explored supply chain coordination mechanisms, specifically examining the effects of revenue-sharing contracts on closed-loop supply chains with mutual fairness concerns and analyzing how contract parameters balance the interests of all parties, ultimately optimizing supply chain efficiency. This in-depth analysis comprehensively reveals the complex mechanisms by which mutual fairness concerns operate within dual-channel, closed-loop supply chains.

（五）研究结论（Research conclusions）

研究通过对比分析三种决策模型的均衡结果，得出了多维度的核心结论。

By comparing and analyzing the equilibrium results of three decision-making models, the study reached multi-dimensional core conclusions.

1.定价特征（Pricing features）

定价方面，三种决策情形下，原制造商直销的再制造产品定价均稳定，因其拥有绝对定价权，不受公平关切影响。横向公平关切主要影响第三方再制造商的直销渠道及定价；纵向公平关切则作用于传统零售渠道，通过改变新产品批发价和零售价影响线下供需。

In terms of pricing, the direct-selling price of the original manufacturer’s remanufactured products remains stable across all decision scenarios, as it holds absolute pricing power unaffected by fairness concerns. Horizontal fairness concerns mainly affect third-party remanufacturers’ direct channels and pricing, while vertical ones impact traditional retail channels, influencing offline supply and demand by altering new products’ wholesale and retail prices.

2.整体效应（Overall effect）

整体而言，原制造商的双向公平关切会加剧供应链“双重边际效应”，导致新产品批发价、零售价，第三方再制造产品直销价及专利许可费上涨，形成连锁反应。最终各企业利润、系统总利润下滑，消费者剩余和社会福利受损，可见这种行为本质上“损人不利己”，既损害其他方利益，也无法为自身带来长远收益。

Overall, the original manufacturer’s bidirectional fairness concerns intensify the supply chain’s "double marginal effect," causing a chain reaction of rising wholesale and retail prices of new products, direct-selling prices of third-party remanufactured products, and patent licensing fees. Eventually, individual and total system profits decline, along with consumer surplus and social welfare. This behavior is essentially "harmful to others without benefiting oneself," damaging other parties’ interests and failing to bring long-term gains to itself.

3.协调方案（Coordination plan）

研究验证了协调方案的有效性，即采用收益共享契约能够有效协调存在双向公平关切的闭环供应链。通过合理分配收益，该契约可以平衡各方利益，缓解“双重边际效应”，使供应链的整体效益接近集中决策下的最优水平。

The study validated the effectiveness of the coordination scheme, demonstrating that a revenue-sharing contract can effectively coordinate closed-loop supply chains with bidirectional fairness concerns. By rationally distributing revenue, the contract can balance the interests of all parties, mitigate the "double marginalization effect," and bring the overall efficiency of the supply chain closer to the optimal level under centralized decision-making.

（六）研究意义（Research significance）

1.理论层面（Theoretical level）

理论上，该研究突破单向公平关切研究局限，首次系统分析双向公平关切在双渠道闭环供应链中的作用机制，丰富了相关理论内涵。同时，将专利许可与消费者支付意愿差异纳入模型，增强了理论对现实的解释力，为双渠道供应链协调研究提供新视角，拓展了理论应用边界。

Theoretically, this study breaks through the limitations of unidirectional fairness concerns and systematically analyzes the mechanism of bidirectional fairness concerns in dual-channel closed-loop supply chains for the first time, enriching the relevant theoretical content. Furthermore, by incorporating patent licensing and differences in consumer willingness to pay into the model, the theory's explanatory power is enhanced, providing a new perspective for dual-channel supply chain coordination research and expanding the theoretical application boundaries.

2.实践层面（Practical level）

实践上，研究结论为企业管理双向公平关切提供了决策参考：原制造商需控制公平偏好以避免供应链效率受损；零售商和第三方再制造商可依公平关切类型调整定价与销售策略。收益共享契约为供应链协调提供可行方案，有助于提升整体效益、促进循环经济，对企业可持续运营和社会资源优化意义重大。

Practically, the findings offer decision-making references for managing bidirectional fairness concerns: manufacturers should control fairness preferences to avoid supply chain inefficiency; retailers and third-party remanufacturers can adjust pricing and sales strategies based on fairness types. The revenue-sharing contract provides a feasible coordination solution, helping enhance overall efficiency, promote circular economy, and is significant for sustainable operations and optimal resource allocation.

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