一,词组的意思
have been to 原来去过某地,现在不在那里了
I have been to America. I went there in 2015.我去过美国,我是2015年去那里的。

have gone to 人去某地了,现在不在说话地点,所以常用第三人称
My brother has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.He left this morning. Do you have anything important to tell him?我弟弟到北京开会去了,他是今天上午去的。你有什么重要的是要告诉他吗?

使用这两个结构的时候,最好有旁边语境句作为补充,进一步说明结构的意思,从而更清楚地理解。
二,两个动词短语都是短暂性动作,不能接介词for和since。如果要说“在某地多长时间了”,必须换动词。“去了多长时间”也是要换动词。
- I have been to America. I went there in 2016, and stayed there for half a year. I came back home in 2017 and have been in Beijing ever since. 我去过美国。我是2016年去的,并且在那里呆了半年。2017年回国,从那时到现在,我就一直在北京。
- My brother has gone to Beijing. He left this morning and has been away for two hours.我弟弟到北京开会去了。他今天早上走的,已经走了两小时了。

用be动词表示,更方便
have been in 在某地多长时间
have been away from离开某地多长时间
- The Greens came to Kunming in 2018. They have been in Kunming for four years.格林一家2018年来昆明的,他们已经来昆明四年了。
- Tom left Beijing early. He has been away from Beijing since five years ago.汤姆很早就离开北京了,他已经走了五年。
- My aunt has been in Jinan since she graduated from Jinan University.我的阿姨自从济南大学毕业,就一直在济南。
