制冷“新”法 | 更节能环保的二氧化碳制冷

M&M Carnot 推广二氧化碳作为低温室效应制冷剂

M&M Carnot promotes CO2 as a low-greenhouse refrigerant

By Peter Judge

译者说

R744——二氧化碳制冷剂的新名字。相比普通制冷剂，二氧化碳制冷剂更为节能，更为环保，不会产生温室气体，有望在未来数据中心制冷系统中推广使用。

美加制冷专家M&M Carnot表示，数据中心应该使用二氧化碳制冷技术，以减少对环境的影响。

US-Canadian cooling specialist M&M Carnot says data centers should move to cooling their data centers with CO2, to reduce their environmental impact.

该公司表示，二氧化碳的全球变暖潜力比传统制冷剂要低得多，传统制冷剂正在全球逐步淘汰。根据本月发布的一份指南，二氧化碳可以用于同样类型的制冷系统中，通过类似的膨胀和压缩循环过程来有效地制冷。

The company says CO2 has a much lower global warming potential than traditional refrigerants, which are being phased out around the world. CO2 can be used in the same sort of chillers, going through a similar expansion and condensation cycle to remove heat efficiently, according to a guide published this month.

根据国际协议的最新情况，世界各国政府正在逐步淘汰目前的氢氟烃制冷剂，如R134a和R410A。《蒙特利尔议定书》最初定于1987年，目的是限制使用上一代消耗臭氧层的制冷剂，并寻找到了新的制冷剂，以代替导致全球变暖的制冷剂。

Governments around the world are phasing out current HFC refrigerants such as R134a and R410A, according to updates to international agreements. The Montreal Protocol was originally set in 1987 to stamp out a previous generation of refrigerants that depleted the ozone layer, and has been updated to remove their replacements, which cause global warming.

在美国，新的制冷剂从2024年1月起就不能使用氢氟烃了。

In the US, new chillers cannot use HFCs from January 2024.

在冷水机组和电冰箱中，像氢氟烃这样的工作流体会蒸发并冷凝。一些人认为氢氟烃可以被水取代，但另一些人早在2006年就提出了二氧化碳。在国际化学品清单中，二氧化碳被称为R744。

In chillers and refrigerators, a working fluid such as an HFC evaporates and condenses. Some have suggested that HFCs can be replaced by water, but others have proposed CO2, as long ago as 2006. In international chemical listings, CO2 is referred to as R744.

这是违反常识的，因为二氧化碳是最终的温室气体，但氢氟烃的全球变暖影响比二氧化碳大数千倍。Nautilus Data公司的首席科学家Arnold Magcale认为，将二氧化碳隔离在制冷系统中可能会使数据中心的碳排放减少：“我们可以成为碳封存的引领者，”他在2022年3月告诉DCD。

This is counterintuitive, as CO2 is the definitive greenhouse gas, but HFCs have a global warming effect thousands of times larger than CO2. Arnold Magcale, the chief scientist of Nautilus Data, has suggested that sequestering CO2 in cooling systems could make data centers carbon negative: "We could be the leaders in carbon sequestration," he told DCD in March 2022.

总部位于加拿大的Carnot制冷公司自2012年以来一直在向数据中心运送一系列二氧化碳制冷机，并于2019年被美国M&M制冷公司收购。该公司声称，除了降低冷水机组对环境的影响，二氧化碳还能实现更高效的系统，可以节省传统系统90%的能源消耗。

Carnot Refrigeration, based in Canada, has been shipping the Aquilon range of CO2-based chillers to data centers since 2012, and was bought by US-based M&M Refrigeration in 2019. The company claims that as well as lowering the environmental impact of a chiller, CO2 makes for more efficient systems, which can save 90 percent of the energy consumption of conventional systems.

这份名为“制冷剂限制：你的数据中心准备好过渡了吗？”的报告解释了技术和监管背景，并包括一个研究案例，魁北克的一个数据中心在切换到基于二氧化碳制冷的系统时，用于冷却的能源减少了60%。该指南链接自R744，一个专门基于二氧化碳制冷的网站。

The report, “Refrigerant Restrictions: Is Your Data Center Ready for the Transition?,” explains the technology and regulatory background and includes a case study in which a Quebec data center reported a 60 percent reduction in the energy used in cooling, when it switched to the CO2-based system. The guide was linked from R744, a website dedicated to CO2-based refrigeration.

卡诺制冷公司总裁Marc-André Lesmerises说：“这份白皮书展示了CRAC设备使用二氧化碳作为制冷剂，以改进数据中心工艺流程，降低成本，并减少使用有高全球变暖隐患的设备。”“我们知道，做出这一改变表明了对环境的承诺，同时帮助我们的数据中心客户找到一个制冷技术的解决方案，满足他们的需求也是非常令人兴奋的。”

“This white paper demonstrates how CRAC equipment using CO2 as a refrigerant improves data center processes, reduces their costs and reduces the use of equipment with high global warming potential,” said Marc-André Lesmerises, president of Carnot Refrigeration. “We know that making this change demonstrates a commitment to the environment and it’s exciting to help our data center customers find a solution to cool their data centers that meets their needs and the needs of the planet.”