【新刊速递】《剑桥国际事务评论》(CRIA) Vol.37,No.6,2024 | 国政学人

题目：bringing back the concept of colonial pacification in the study of preventing violent extremism (pve) practices: the case of tunisia

作者：guendalina simoncini，比萨高等师范学校博士后。

摘要：本文以现代突尼斯为案例，深入研究了打击与阻止暴力极端主义（cve-pve）的历史基础。尽管pve兴起于2010年代，代表着反恐战略从严格的反恐怖主义转向更偏向整体的预防战略，但它让人想起殖民主义者的概念与实践。本文试图将 pve 置于情境中讨论，强调殖民、后殖民和新殖民主义控制和预防实践的延续和变化。本研究以系谱与话语方法论为指导，研究了当代政策文件、政治话语、殖民时期档案和过渡时期的司法记录。这项探索的核心是法国殖民时期的镇压概念，它是指在反抗殖民统治的地区恢复秩序和阻止失序的行动。本文揭示了当今预防措施的殖民起源，例如行政控制、移交、说服与和平建设。本文认为，镇压概念对理解现代pve实践至关重要。

this article delves into the historical foundations of countering and preventing violent extremism (cve-pve) using contemporary tunisia as a case study. while pve emerged in the 2010s, representing a shift from stringent counterterrorism to a more holistic preventative strategy, it recalls colonial notions and practices. this work seeks to contextualise pve, emphasising continuities and changes across colonial, post-colonial, and neocolonial control and prevention practices. using a genealogical and discursive methodology, the research examines contemporary policy documents, political discourse, colonial archives and transitional justice records. central to this exploration is the french colonial notion of pacification, which refers to the action to restore order and prevent disorder in regions resisting colonial dominance. the study sheds light on the colonial origins of present-day preventative measures such as administrative control, referral, persuasion and peacebuilding. the article posits that the concept of pacification is pivotal to understanding modern pve practices.

题目：the ‘situatedness’ of security in postcolonial spaces: examining the historical and spatial trajectories of localised practices in tunisia

作者：fabrizio leonardo cuccu，都柏林城市大学法政学院政治学助教授。

摘要：预防和打击暴力极端计划（p/cve）在西方和后殖民国家，表现出几点差异与相似。差异源于安全计划坐落的特定时间与空间坐标。本文植根于不断增长的、聚焦于时间维度的学术研究之上，强调对全球和地方历史轨迹的调查，是如何揭示后殖民国家的安全政策制定过程及其在塑造地方安全措施中的角色。本研究借助对突尼斯当地从事p/cve的本土和国际非政府组织的访谈，探究了国际和地方行为体在实施和挑战全球和地方安全叙事中的作用和扮演的角色。本文旨在展示全球与地方安全叙事与实践中的联结，及殖民历史轨迹在安全演变中的作用。

preventing and countering violent extremism programmes (p/cve) in western and postcolonial countries present several differences as well as similarities. the differences are a consequence of specific coordinates of time and space in which security programmes are situated. this article builds on a growing scholarship focusing on the dimension of time, highlighting how the investigation of global and local historical trajectories brings to light postcolonial processes of security policymaking and their role in shaping local security measures. through interviews carried out in tunisia with local and international ngos working on p/cve, this research examines the agency of international and local actors, and their role in implementing or challenging global and local security narratives. the objective of this research is to show the connection between global and local security narratives and practices, and the role of colonial historical trajectories in the evolution of security.

题目：coloniality, modern subjectivities in kenya and exclusion of african women in preventing violent extremism

作者：samwel odhiambo oando，非洲国际大学哲学博士。

摘要：对情境细微差别的不必要关注一直是肯尼亚许多预防暴力极端主义（pve）计划的主要障碍。本文强调了捐助者资助干预是如何对学习地方行为体知识，构成微妙的抵制，进而经常忽视当地的文化价值观和经验。不承认情境知识构成了性别问题，增加了非洲妇女被系统性地排除在知识生产体系之外的可能性。本文质疑了根深蒂固于当代干预中的现代主体性如何在pve中流露出殖民遗产。本研究运用了去殖民化理论和与当地实践者的访谈，指出许多捐助者资助的pve途径有可能进一步将非洲土著妇女的声音，推向知识生产的边缘。本文结论如下，地方情境中的pve干预有机会通过妇女和平与安全议程中决定性的去殖民化战略，加强本土视角。

cosmetic attention to contextual nuances has been a major obstacle in many programmes for preventing violent extremism (pve) in kenya. the study highlights how donor-funded interventions often disregard cultural values and local experience by posing a subtle resistance to learn from the knowledge of local actors. the non-recognition of contextual knowledge postures a gender problem, increasing chances for systemic exclusion of african women from the knowledge production system. the paper interrogates how modern subjectivities, entrenched in contemporary interventions, exude colonial legacies in pve. using decolonial theory and interviews with local practitioners, the study submits that many donor-funded pve approaches risk pushing further the voice of indigenous african women to the periphery of knowledge production. the paper concludes that pve interventions in the local context have an opportunity for reinforcing indigenous perspectives through a decisive decolonial strategy in the women peace and security agenda.

题目：targeting muslims beyond europe: preventing violent extremism and radicalisation in kosovo

作者：ervjola selenica，博洛尼亚大学恐怖主义和反恐怖主义博士后研究员。

摘要：本文分析了科索沃预防和打击暴力极端主义 （p/cve） 的国家和国际干预措施与其激进化，以及它们的根本逻辑。本文旨在理解穆斯林占多数的国家是如何成为 p/cve 和反激进化政策的目标。此外，本文还试图探究这些政策是否基于对伊斯兰极端主义所支撑的暴力极端主义和激进化的理解。如果是的话，它们是如何解决科索沃的伊斯兰问题，并与之相互影响。本文发现，科索沃的 p/cve 和反激进化政策主要由外部驱动和资助，建立在与欧盟成员国实施的类似政策相同的预防、预期逻辑之上，以伊斯兰极端主义驱动的意识形态过程为依据，包括一种将硬性和软性预防措施相结合的全社会方法，就像在其他欧盟和非欧盟情境中发现的那样。

the paper analyses national and international interventions on preventing and countering violent extremism (p/cve) and radicalisation in kosovo and their underpinning rationales. the analysis seeks to understand how a country with a muslim majority is targeted by p/cve and counter-radicalisation policies. furthermore, it seeks to understand whether these policies are informed by an understanding of violent extremism and radicalisation as underpinned by islamic extremism and, if so, how they tackle and interact with the question of islam in kosovo. the article has found that p/cve and counter-radicalisation policies in kosovo are mainly externally driven and funded, rest upon the same preventative, anticipatory logic that has characterised similar policies implemented in eu member states, are informed by an understanding of violent extremism and radicalisation as ideological processes fuelled by radical islam, and encompasses an all-societal approach combining hard and soft measures of prevention as those found in other eu and non-eu contexts.

题目：governing through the prevention of extremism. the security council’s p/cve as a dispositif of liberal government

作者：alice martini，马德里大学国际关系讲师。

摘要：本文从自由政府的福柯式权力机制（dispositif）视角切入，分析了联合国安理会的预防和反暴力极端主义（p/cve）。预防性暴力极端主义/反暴力极端主义预防行动以早期发现为中心，要求市民社会在社会层面预防极端主义。从这个意义上说，正如本文所释，p/cve 显示出自由政府的特征，因为它依赖于市民社会的自由和自我监管机制。此外，如本文所示，p/cve 也是一种自由的主体化机制，因为它勾勒了“（不可欲的）极端分子”和“（可欲的）温和派”。这些主体出现在由相同的权力机制（再）组合的各种全球权力结构的交叉点上。因此，将 p/cve 作为福柯式的自由政府权力机制进行分析，有助于把握权力是如何以微妙的方式，在权力网络中社会流转。不仅如此，本文还揭示了自由政府如何通过它的（被统治的）自由生产的区别对待，来（再）生产等级、种族化和性别化的社会结构，从而发挥作用。

this article analyses the un security council’s prevention and countering of violent extremism (p/cve) as a foucauldian dispositif of liberal government. centred on early-detection, p/cve tasks civil society with the prevention of extremism at a social level. in this sense, as the article illustrates, p/cve displays features of liberal governmentality as it relies on civil society’s liberty and self-regulation mechanisms. furthermore, as the article shows, p/cve also works as a liberal mechanism of subjectification as it sketches the ‘(undesirable) extremists’ and the ‘(desirable) moderates’. these subjectivities emerge at the intersection of various global power structures (re)assembled by the same dispositif. therefore, analysing p/cve as a foucauldian dispositif of liberal government allows us to grasp how power circulates in society in heterarchical, subtle ways. moreover, it also uncovers how liberal government works through the (re)production of hierarchical, racialised, and gendered social structures in its differentiations of the (governed) freedom produced.

题目：constructing the ‘good muslim girl’: hegemonic and pariah femininities in the british preventing violent extremism (pve) agenda

作者：leonie b. jackson，诺森比亚大学国际关系高级讲师。

摘要：自 2014 年伊斯兰国 （is） 崛起以来，英国的防止暴力极端主义 （pve） 政策——预防政策,越来越关注圣战意识形态对穆斯林女孩的吸引力。本文研究了 2015 年 2 月移居到 is 辖地的贝斯纳格林女孩(bethnal green girls)的案例。本文运用霸权女性气质与贱民女性气质的概念，展示了性别在英国pve实践中，是如何与宗教、种族和阶级交叉作用，从而把“好穆斯林女孩”既建构为年轻穆斯林女性应当效仿的模范，也作为衡量激进化符号的基准。本文认为，通过 pve 来表达这个新自由主义话题，不管是在理论，还是在实践中，都存在严重的问题：性别化激进化“符号”；提供并未考虑到交叉结构性压迫的新自由主义解决方案；以过度方式规训穆斯林女性的贱民穆斯林女性气质。

since the rise of islamic state (is) in 2014, british preventing violent extremism (pve) policy, prevent, has increasingly focused on the appeal of jihadist ideology to muslim girls. this article considers the case of the bethnal green girls, who migrated to is territory in february 2015. using the concepts of hegemonic and pariah femininities, it shows how gender intersects with religion, race, and class in british pve to construct the ’good muslim girl’ as both an aspirational figure that young muslim women should seek to emulate and the norm against which signs of radicalisation can be measured. the article concludes that the articulation of this neoliberal subject via pve is deeply problematic in theory and practice: gendering the ‘signs’ of radicalisation, offering neoliberal solutions that fail to account for intersectional structural oppressions and disciplining pariah muslim femininities in excessive ways.

题目：‘mamie djihad’: constructing and disciplining the abject other in everyday narratives

作者：ariane bogain，诺森比亚大学社会科学系助教授。

摘要：克里斯蒂娜·里维埃（christine rivière）被称为 "圣战奶奶（mamie djihad）"，她自 "伊斯兰国"（is）回国后，因从事与恐怖主义有关的活动，被判十年监禁，本文以她的审判为案例，探讨法国日常叙事中对 is 归国者的概念化。本研究运用批判性话语分析方法，探究了网络新闻用户是如何描述她的、网络新闻用户在何种程度上赞同或质疑将归国问题安全化的官方话语，网络新闻用户的立场揭示了他们对打击暴力极端主义的概念。本文认为，一种极端形式的敌人刑罚学是他们对待伊斯兰国归国者的方式的基础。首先，本文借用克里斯蒂娃的排斥（adject）概念，展示性别、宗教、阶级和国籍是如何交叉作用，从而将里维埃排除在国家之外。其次，本文将展示她的激进拒绝是如何正当化，运用基于不受约束的国家权力、惩罚式的报复审判、伊斯兰恐惧症的极端解决方案，来中立化她，这将产生深远影响。本研究有助于理解精英和媒体话语体系之外、与伊斯兰国相关国民遣返相关的话语环境。

this article uses the trial of christine rivière, dubbed ‘mamie djihad’, sentenced to 10 years in prison for terrorism-related activities on her return from the islamic state (is) caliphate, as a case study to explore the conceptualisation of is returnees in everyday narratives in france. it employs critical discourse analysis to investigate how online news users represented her, the extent to which they endorsed or challenged the official discourse that has securitised the repatriation issue and what their stance reveals about their conception of countering violent extremism. it contends that an extreme form of enemy penology underpins their approach to is returnees. drawing on kristeva’s concept of the abject (1982), it will first demonstrate how gender, religion, class, and nationality intersected to exclude rivière from the nation. it will then show how her radical rejection justified extreme solutions to neutralise her based on unfettered state power, punitive retaliatory justice, and islamophobia, with far-reaching consequences. this study contributes to making sense of the discursive environment related to the repatriation of is-related nationals beyond elite and media discourses.

题目：‘outsourcing patriarchy’ in preventing and countering violent extremism (p/cve)

作者：ann-kathrin rothermel，伯尔尼大学政治科学系博士后研究员；megan kelly，巴塞尔大学博士生。

摘要：近年来，许多为打击激进化为“圣战主义”的极端主义，而创建的预防和打击暴力极端主义（p/cve）项目，已经开始处理极右翼极端主义问题。在本文中，笔者以男性气质为切入点，批判性地评估了这一扩展。笔者对 10 个从事跨国 p/cve 工作的有影响力的组织的 87 篇出版物中的男性气质表现，进行了深度的交叉分析。笔者探究了这些表现是如何与种族、年龄、阶级、地理位置的身份标记交叉作用，以及它们是如何与性别暴力和政治暴力的系统或异常观念相联系。笔者认为，这与英德帕尔·格鲁瓦尔（inderpal grewal）称之为 "外包父权制 "的潜在动力有关，它将父权统治和厌女主义与非西方国家联系在一起。本文分析表明，尽管p/cve 计划努力克服性别盲点和对“圣战”极端主义的单一关注，但仍倾向于建立在延续父权制和殖民遗产的男性气质观念的基础之上。

in recent years, many preventing and countering violent extremism (p/cve) programs, formed to counter radicalisation into ‘jihadist’ extremism, have begun to address far-right extremism. in this paper, we critically assess this expansion through a focus on masculinities. we conduct an in-depth intersectional analysis of representations of masculinities in 87 publications by ten influential organisations working in transnational p/cve. we explore how these representations intersect with identity markers of race, age, class and geographic location and how they are connected to notions about gendered and political violence as systemic or aberrant. we relate this to an underlying dynamic which inderpal grewal has termed ‘outsourcing patriarchy’, a move which aligns patriarchal and misogynist ideas with the non-west. our analysis shows that despite efforts to overcome both gender-blindness and the singular focus on ‘jihadist’ extremism, p/cve programs still tend to be based on notions of masculinities that perpetuate patriarchal and colonial legacies.

审校 | 赖永祯