「中英雙語閱讀」俄烏衝突為何導致油價飆升？

2022年11月05日02:09:19 熱門 1296

【俄烏衝突】

Why oil is spiking again?

油價為何又在飆升？

In the 1970s Arab states used the 「oil weapon」 of embargoes to punish Western governments for supporting Israel.

20世紀70年代，阿拉伯國家利用禁運這一「石油武器」來懲罰支持以色列的西方政府。

On May 30th the heads of the 27 EU member governments agreed to turn the weapon on themselves, as part of a fresh round of sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.

5月30日，歐盟27個成員國的首腦同意將該武器對準自己，這是繼俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後對俄羅斯新一輪制裁的一部分。

As well as cutting off Sberbank, Russia』s largest bank, from the swift cross-border payment system, the package will also ban purchases of Russian Crude oil and refined products, such as diesel, by the end of the year.

除了將俄羅斯最大的銀行俄羅斯聯邦儲蓄銀行(Sberbank)排除在快速跨境支付系統之外，該制裁計劃還將在今年年底前禁止購買俄羅斯原油和柴油等成品油。

There would, the eu said, be a 「temporary」 exemption for oil delivered through pipelines.

歐盟表示，通過管道輸送的石油可以「暫時」豁免。

The price of a barrel of Brent crude leapt above $120 on the news, its highest level since March.

消息傳出後，布倫特(Brent)原油價格躍升至每桶120美元以上，為3月份以來的最高水平。

In principle, the decision is highly significant.

原則上，這個決定意義重大。

As well as demonstrating unity, and the bloc』s willingness to bear economic pain to punish Russia, it cuts one of the few remaining trade ties with the Kremlin.

它不僅表明了歐盟的團結，以及該組織願意承受經濟上的痛苦來懲罰俄羅斯，它還切斷了與俄羅斯僅剩的貿易聯繫之一。

It also imperils one of Russia』s most lucrative sources of foreign-currency earnings.

它還危及俄羅斯最賺錢的外匯收入來源之一。

The eu is Russia』s biggest market for crude, buying about half the country』s oil exports.

歐盟是俄羅斯最大的原油市場，購買量佔據該國大約一半的石油出口量。

There are reasons, however, to be sceptical that the move will deprive the Kremlin of much foreign currency.

然而，我們有理由懷疑此舉是否會讓俄羅斯失去大量外匯。

For a start, the ban only applies to seaborne oil, transported via tankers.

首先，這項禁令只適用於通過油輪運輸的海運石油。

That is the price of unity: excluding oil delivered by pipelines was necessary to find a compromise with Hungary, which is both more sympathetic to Russia than most eu countries and critically dependent on the Soviet-era Druzhba pipeline (a name meaning 「friendship」 in Russian).

這就是團結的代價：將通過管道運輸的石油排除在外是為了與匈牙利達成和解，匈牙利比大多數歐盟國家更同情俄羅斯，而且嚴重依賴蘇聯時期的「德魯日巴」管道(在俄語中是「友誼」的意思)。

Hungary imports about 65% of its crude from Russia.

匈牙利大約65%的原油從俄羅斯進口。

Seaborne oil makes up a similar share of Europe』s imports from Russia.

海運石油在歐洲從俄羅斯進口的石油中所佔的份額也差不多。

But the ban is likely to have a limited impact on the oil market.

但該禁令對石油市場的影響可能有限。

A big question is whether Russian seaborne crude, once placed under sanctions, will go unsold.

一個大問題是，一旦受到制裁，俄羅斯海運原油是否會賣不出去。

So far Russia』s oil exports have risen even as the country has come under sanctions.

到目前為止，儘管俄羅斯受到制裁，但該國的石油出口仍在增長。

According to analysts at JPMorgan Chase, a bank, much of the increase has gone to India, which has not issued sanctions of its own.