從動蕩年代到太平盛世，11位百歲老人得出這樣的人生感悟…

日前，中國日報記者前往「世界長壽市」廣西賀州, 尋訪當地十一位百歲老人。

他們出生於1903-1917年間，親歷晚清、民國和新中國幾個歷史時期，飽嘗飢餓、貧窮、戰亂等時代之苦，在生存遭受威脅的情況下憑藉著愛國、愛家、勤儉、奮鬥、厚德、友善的中國精神步履蹣跚地邁入新時代的太平盛世。

記者用文字和鏡頭記錄了他們的真情回憶。

十種不同變換的人生，同樣地發人深省、感人至深。

胡月英的百年茶癮：

人生如飲茶，先苦後甜

116歲的胡月英是賀州最長壽的老人，然而她目睹了所有兄弟姐妹和丈夫的先後離世，更經歷了意外喪子，女兒夭折的錐心之痛。

撫育孫輩的責任讓她重燃生活的鬥志，上山開荒，主理茶園，耕耘不輟百餘年，如今可以悠然飲茶卻仍堅持自己做飯、整理內務。

人生像極她喝了百年的茶水，須得苦完才是甜。

Life's greatest lesson for Hu can be found in a cup of the green tea she has cultivated and brewed most of her life: The bitter comes before the sweet, and she has known both.

She was good at growing things from at least age 14. She loved the soil and worked in her gardens until she was 113.

"Grandma is quick-witted and has an extraordinarily agile mind. The grain she planted in the years when there were shortages of food helped the family survive," grandson Lu Congqiang, 34, said.

Hu is the oldest person in Hezhou, according to the local government, outliving her only son, who was the victim of a house collapse in 1991, and a 2-year-old daughter whose illness was beyond the skills of a "barefoot doctor". She witnessed the passing of all her siblings and her husband.

"I felt desperate when my son left me, but what else could I do but work harder? I didn』t even have time to take a deep breath, and the children needed me," she said, sipping a cup of green tea.

"I have lost my husband, my children and my brothers, it's true. But I can always find love in my family and that is how I was encouraged to carry on."

瑤族媽媽楊素貴：

母愛堅韌也柔軟

102歲的楊素貴是8個孩子的母親，雖然沒進過學堂，但即便在生活最困難的時期沒米下鍋，她也沒有像其他人那樣把自己的孩子送人，而是上山挖野菜充饑。

如今楊素貴8個兒女健在，已經是130多口人的五代同堂的大家庭。

楊素貴最愛坐在門前大樟樹下聽瑤族民歌「蝴蝶調」，歌詞大意是感謝天，感謝地，感謝父母恩。

Yang married at age 15 and never attended school. She gave birth to eight children. "In the darkest days, we didn』t have enough rice to support the big family, so I went into the mountains to dig edible herbs to fill our bellies instead of giving my children away, as many people did," she said at her home in Fuchuan Yao autonomous county.

"No one in my family was allowed to shout or scream at each other. My children grew up in peace and harmony."

先富起來的董茂銳：

窮則變，變則通

在被國民黨強行徵兵帶走之前，董茂銳和其他農民別無二致，面朝黃土背朝天就是他的宿命。後面因為在軍隊里食不果腹，才喬妝逃跑。這是他第一次懂得抗爭的意義。

經過60年代的困難時期後，他棄農從商，率先做起服裝生意，成為80年代最先富起來的「萬元戶」。

妻子當時花2000元買給他的手錶，他佩戴至今。

Poverty fosters a desire for change. That's the most important lesson that Dong Maorui, of Hezhou』s Zhongshan county, said he has learned in life.

Like most older people in Zhongshan county, Dong married at a young age and expected to spend his life farming.

In 1939, when his son was just 1 year old, he was forced to join the Kuomintang army.

"We were served gruel for every meal, and it didn』t fill our bellies, so I decided to run away," he said. Disguised as a porter, he managed to escape. Lacking money, he tried many odd jobs as he made his way home.

"I missed the war, but I have fought another battle against poverty all my life," he said.

Famine in the 1960s forced him to seek change again.

At the end of 1970』s, on the eve of reform and opening-up, he took a train to Yulin, 300 kilometers distant, to purchase clothes, which he then brought back to his hometown to sell at a small profit.

"Only a few people did business at that time. After many years and many changes, I finally made a comfortable living," Dong said. His wife bought him a gold watch costing 2,000 yuan in 1989, a memento he has kept for 30 years.

His advice to others: "Don』t be afraid of change."

鍾兆丙：再窮不能窮教育

鍾兆丙老人酷愛書法，但少時因家貧輟學，一直深感遺憾的他重視子女的教育，在70年代通過販牛創造條件供孩子讀書，如今兒子是村幹部，家裡也出了人民教師，是他最驕傲的事。

他認為教育滋養孩子一生，能改變家庭命運。

At a young age, Zhong showed extraordinary talent for reading and calligraphy. But he was forced to drop out of middle school for lack of money. In the 1960s, he was determined to help his son and daughter get a better education and started a successful cattle business. Now Zhong practices calligraphy every day and reads as much as he can in Hezhou』s Changwan village.

"Education is the best soil to support children』s growth and will nurture their minds for a lifetime."

樂天老人莫妹仙：

寬容仁愛無欲則剛

因為有輕微的阿爾茲海默症，莫妹仙已經不大能叫上自己曾孫的名字。

當三個頑皮的男孩略帶羞澀地叫她阿婆時，她露出了慈祥的笑容，瞬間彌合代際間的鴻溝。

老人的寬厚和善意也是她戰勝歲月風霜、長壽康健的法寶。

Gentleness and generosity toward others, along with a bright and cheerful disposition, are essential for long life, Mo said.

"The quickest route to happiness and long life is to do nothing negative. Have a merry heart and be tolerant of others."

潘會化：最幸福的

事兒是遇到下雨天

飢餓是潘會化對過去最鮮明的記憶。

那時候每天的勞動都是為了全家的口糧，所以最幸福的是下雨天，不用出門幹活。

結婚的時候，沒有別的東西可以宴請賓客，就從田裡抓了一斤泥鰍過油當做婚宴。

不久前老人意外摔倒狀態不佳，卻還能顫巍巍寫出自己的名字。

他說人生雖困難不斷，但總有解決的辦法。

Pan, of Zhongshan county, tells many stories about hunger. With diligent work he was able to survive many hardships in the 1950s, 60s and 70s.

"Although life is full of suffering, it is also full of overcoming it. That is the important thing."

百歲夫婦：

你是我的耳，我為你拐杖

如果婚姻真有七年之癢，那長達八九十年的婚姻生活該是怎樣一種體驗？

106歲的楊才華和他105的妻子林玉瓊給出一種答案，你聽不見聲響我是你的耳朵，我行走不便你為我拐杖。

他們鮮少直接表達愛意，吃飯也恥於相互夾菜，但相濡以沫，共沐風雨。

奶奶滔滔不絕，爺爺默然相和，這也許就是婚姻最好的樣子。

According to a proverb, a good wife and health are a man』s best wealth. Yang Caihua has both. He and his wife, Lin Yuqiong, have been married 86 years. He doesn』t smoke or drink. Their recipe for happiness: no angry words.

Lin puts it this way: "Harmony keeps a family prosperous. The secret to avoiding quarrels is that one must learn to listen while the other is complaining."

一生勤勉的百歲「店小二」潘玉英

在古榕參天、小橋流水的黃姚古鎮上有家土菜館，裏面有位不同尋常的「店小二」，很多遊客慕名而來。她就是105歲的潘玉英。

老人雖然高齡，還是可以利落地摘菜、收拾碗筷。潘玉英自小在鎮上生活，年輕時是當地有名的裁縫，憑藉一針一線編織出好生活

潘玉英的家鄉黃姚古鎮

雖然老人一生只育有一個女兒，這在當時人們看來是無兒防老，她卻不以為意，撫養外孫林共平成人，教育他要自立自強，不要受世俗標準的束縛，自己去定義和丈量幸福。

Self-reliance, hard work and clear thinking are key to a good life and longevity, Pan Yuying of Huangyao said. As a young mother, she was shamed for having only a daughter. Pan is blunt: 「I don』t really care about it, actually. I know people try to make themselves feel better by nagging about others』 pain.」 She always walked her own path, including getting a job as a waitress in Huangyao at age 99.

Grandson Lin Gongping, 57, spoke of Pan』s influence in his life:

"We had better not be confined to secular ideas about happiness and shame. We should find out the truth by ourselves."

黃執中的詩酒人生：

看透命運沉浮，服務鄉里

104歲的黃執中，讀過中學，至今還能唱出英文字母歌，是方圓百里的「高知」。

曾在中學執教，文化大革命後返鄉務農，仍手不釋卷，自學中醫和地理知識，後為赤腳醫生懸壺濟世。因通周易之道，也擺攤算命，直至九旬。

雖命運沉浮，詩酒為伴，服務鄉里，也是人生價值所在。

During the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-76), Huang was forced to leave his job and start farming. He found solace in books. He loved to read and learn, and continued to cultivate himself. As a "barefoot doctor" he won the respect of his neighbors. For him, a rich life is defined by service to others:

"There was a serious lack of medical care, so the knowledge I got from books could help people in need. Service to others matters most."

保養達人莫天蘭：

健康的體魄是快樂的源泉

一天三碗油茶，動輒手動刮痧，是莫天蘭老人的日常。

瑤族自製油茶可以驅寒排濕，刮痧則可以舒經絡，強免疫，都是莫天蘭的保健之法。然而在她看來，這都比不過笑口常開這劑良藥。

莫天蘭愛喝的油茶

If you maintain your health, you have everything you need for a happy, long life, according to Mo Tianlan, of Fuchuan Yao autonomous county. Add a dose of laughter, and you』re all set.

"You can take care of your health well, whether you』re poor or rich."

從這些正安享晚年的百歲老人身上能看到很多傳承不變的中國精神，支撐並成就了現在日漸強大的新中國，他們的人生課將會有更多中國人去體會、去講述。

【來源：中國日報雙語新聞（微信ID：Chinadaily_Mobile） 張莉】