Arbitrary orders have been replaced by performance standards based on objectives and measurements.
个人武断的命令已由根据目标和测评的要求而制定的业绩标准所代替。
The greatest change perhaps — certainly the most visible — is in organization structure.
或许最大、也最明显的挑战是组织结构上的挑战。
The old Ford Motor Company was rigidly centralized.
过去福特公司采取严格的中央集权式管理。
Not only was all power and decision in the hands of old Henry Ford; but there was only one set of figures for the whole, complex operation.
老福特不仅一手掌控了所有的权力，制定所有的数字，而且只用一套数字来反映公司整体复杂的经营状况。
REFERENCE:
- arbitrary 武断的
- order 命令
- replace 代替
- performance standards 业绩标准
- based on 根据，基于
- objective 目标
- measurement 测评，度量
- perhaps 或许
- certainly 无疑，当然，确定
- visible 明显的
- organization structure 组织结构
- Ford Motor Company 福特汽车公司
- rigidly 严格，古板，坚决
- centralize 中央集权
- not only…but 不仅…而且
- power 权力
- decision 决定，决策
- in the hands of 一手掌控
- one set of 一套，一组
- figure 数字
- whole 整体，整个
- complex 复杂的
- operation 经营，操作
本文内容来源参考书籍《管理的实践》
The Practice of Management
Peter F. Drucker
* 本书为第一部从实际执行层面立论的管理学书籍，第一部兼顾管理现有企业和创新未来企业的著作
