2022年11月02日03:37:59 热门 1148

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中国航母编队

2022年6月17日，在全球媒体的瞩目中，中国海军第三艘航母003“福建舰”成功下水。这艘航母的问世，标志着中国海军已经成为地球上最先进的力量之一。它配备的电磁弹射技术，就连美国都眼红不已。与此同时，美国知乎Quora论坛上，一些印度网友坐不住了。要知道，作为南亚数一数二的军事大国，印度人也坐拥着两艘航空母舰。眼瞧着中国003号大放异彩，他们居然厚着脸皮道：“同样都是自研的航母，为何印度航母能碾压中国？”

很快，这个问题便引来了众人的热议，但令他们感到失望的是，各国网友一致认为：印度航母全方位落败中国。

问题：为何印度航母能碾压中国？

美国军事专家 JC的回答

The reason why people are afraid of China rather than India is that India does not have the strength to build aircraft carriers.India's two aircraft carriers are all bought with money and cannot be compared with China.Next, I will list the shipbuilding comparison between India and China.

大家之所以怕中国而不怕印度，是因为印度不具备造航母的实力。印度的两艘航母全都是花钱买来的，无法和中国相提并论。接下来，我将罗打印度和中国的造船对比。

印度维克兰特航母

1.The Indian standard for shipbuilding and especially military shipbuilding has always been relatively slower. Usually for destroyers (the backbone of most medium to large navies) India takes around 10 years from laying down to commissioning one. I don't know what procedures caused this but it seems consistent and likely systematic, while for China in the recent two decades the span for building a destroyer is usually well within 5 years (also from laying down to commissioning). So it shouldn't be a surprise that for aircraft carriers the situation is similar.

印度的造船标准，尤其是军用造船标准一直相对较慢。通常对于驱逐舰（中型到大型的海军战舰），印度从投产到列装部队大约需要 10 年时间。而这些都源于印度薄弱的工业体系和生产技术。而中国近二十年来，在造船方面取得了巨大的进步。建造驱逐舰的跨度通常在 5 年内（从铺设到调试），因此，造一艘航母对中国来说不用等太久。

2.Chinese ships almost all use domestically-built equipment. No negotiation, procurement, evaluation, etc. with foreign parties was needed for the recently-launched 003carrier.The most advanced technology on the aircraft carrier also comes from the self-development of Chinese scientists, which enables the Chinese aircraft carrier to continuously form a real naval force without being controlled by others and being pinched at critical moments.

中国的舰艇几乎全部使用国产设备。刚刚下水的003航母不需要与外国各方进行谈判、采购、评估等。航母上的最先进技术也来自中国科学家的自我研发，这使得中国航母可以源源不断地形成真正的海军力量，不会受制于人，在关键时刻被掐脖子。

中国海军003航母

The Vikrant for India seems to use quite some foreign equipment, and it does not help those equipment need more time for integration also. The Vishal should rely on foreign components even more because it will be (reportedly) nuclear-powered and equipped with catapults, which seem almost certainly to be imported or "jointly done".

印度的维克兰特号航母上使用了大量的国外设备，这导致印度在平时，需要依赖外人来维护修理。就连航母上被印度人视为骄傲的弹射器，也全部是欧洲的技术，和中国相比，印度已经输了。

印度网友西瓦库玛的回答

Do you know why India has only two aircraft carriers? Because the government can't afford more!For the Indian government, the high construction cost, high maintenance cost and high operation cost have become a huge burden.Next, let's make an account.

知道为什么印度只有两艘航母吗?因为政府消费不起更多的了！对于印度政府而言，建造成本高、维护成本高、运营成本高，已经是巨大的负担了。接下来，让我们算一笔账。

Cost of the carrier: 2.3 Billion USD

运营商成本：23亿美元

Cost of the air wing (26 x Mig 29k and 10 x Ka-31 helos): around 800 Million USD

机翼成本（26 x Mig 29k 和 10 x Ka-31 helos）：约 8 亿美元

Defensive weapons and other equipment (this is an estimate): 200+ Million USD?

防御性武器和其他装备（这是估计值）：200+ 百万美元？

And so, we spent more than 3 Billion USD just to acquire everything.

因此，我们花费了超过30 亿美元来收购一艘航母。

And this is just the beginning...

而这，还仅仅只是开始。

There is a crew of 110 officers and 1500 sailors. They need to be trained, paid, and fed. Then there is the cost of fuel for the carrier and the aircraft, the cost of armament, the cost of maintenance and repair, the cost of upgrades and refits, the costs of building/upgrading a naval base to accommodate the carrier, and on and on!

接下来，还要花钱训练士兵。有110名军官和1500名水手。他们需要接受培训，付工资和日常饮食。除此之外，光是航母和飞机的燃料成本、武器成本、维护和修理成本、升级和改装成本、建造升级海军基地的开销就是一笔天文数字。

印度巨资购买的航母甲板牵引车

In my opinion, the competition between aircraft carriers is actually a game of wealth. Compared with China, India is still far behind.Not to mention that China is made in China, while India is buying at a high price. From the beginning, India was at a disadvantage.

而以上这些，全都要老百姓买单，在我看来，航母之间的比拼其实就是财富的博弈，和中国相比，印度还差得很远。更别提中国是国产，而印度是高价购买，一开始印度就处于下风。

美国技术专家吴慧健的回答

In fact, the reason is very simple, because China's aircraft carrier is more advanced, while India's is worse.

其实原因很简单，因为中国的航母更先进，而印度的要差一些。

中国003型航空母舰。

The Type 003 aircraft carrier is conventionally powered and uses electromagnetic catapults. The number of electromagnetic catapults is 3 sets. Displacement is expected to be 85,000 tonnes, with a full pass-through flat deck.

003型航空母舰采用常规动力，使用电磁弹射器。电磁弹射器数量为3套。排水量预计为 85,000 吨，具有完全通过的平甲板。

Normal displacement 78,000 tonnes

正常排水量 78,000 吨

Full load displacement 85,000 tonnes

满载排水量 85,000 吨

60 aircraft (expected to be equipped with more than 48 J-15T fighters and several Air Marshal-600 fixed-wing early warning aircraft)

60架（预计配备48架以上J-15T战斗机和多架Air Marshal-600固定翼预警机）

Length 320m

长度 320m

80m wide

80m 宽

On 27 January 2021, the US Congressional Service submitted a special study, China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress. Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress". The article suggests that the Type 003 carrier would be conventionally powered and close to the 100,000-ton displacement carriers of the U.S.

2021 年 1 月 27 日，美国国会服务部提交了一份特别研究报告，题为《中国海军现代化：对美国海军能力的影响——国会的背景和问题》。Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress”。

The Type 003 carrier would be about 320 meters long and 40 meters wide at the waterline, close to the size of the U.S. Kitty Hawk-class carriers, and might have a displacement close to 80,000 tons. If confirmed, it would be the largest aircraft carrier ever built in Asia in terms of tonnage. According to analysis, Type 003 is likely to be launched in the second half of 2021, with later outfitting, installation of island radar and sensors, and mooring trials taking up to two years. In this case, the Type 003 carrier is likely to be delivered to the Navy in 2023-2024.

文章预计003 型航母将采用常规动力，接近美国 10 万吨排水量的航母。 003 型航母在吃水线处长约 320 米，宽约 40 米接近美国小鹰级航母的大小，排水量可能接近8万吨。如果得到证实，这将是亚洲有史以来建造的最大吨位航母。据分析，003型还将安装岛式雷达和传感器，成为亚洲最先进的航母。

印度航母维克拉马蒂亚号

45,000 tonnes

45,000 吨

Length 262 m (860 ft)

长度 262 米（860 英尺）

Width 62m (203ft)

宽度 62m (203ft)

Aircraft carried

携带的飞机

36-40 Total aircraft, fixed-wing including 26 fixed-wing aircraft including Mikoyan MiG-29K

36-40 架固定翼飞机，包括 26 架固定翼飞机，包括 Mikoyan MiG-29K

10 Helicopters

10 架直升机

Gliding take-off and landing is used.

使用滑翔起飞和降落。

综合比较

China's 003 aircraft carrier has nearly twice the displacement of India's aircraft carriers

中国003航母排水量是印度航母的近两倍

The Chinese carrier carries 40 J-15Ts, a heavy fighter, and will be equipped with fixed-wing early warning aircraft. The operational radius is 1270 km.

003型航母携带的重型战斗机更多，还将配备固定翼预警机。作战半径为1270公里

The Indian carriers carry MiG 29Ks which are medium fighters with a combat radius of 600 km with gliding take-off

印度航母搭载米格 29K 中型战斗机，作战半径仅为600 公里

The Chinese carriers can take off fighters from a distance of 1200 km and then launch an attack on the Indian carriers under the command of early warning aircraft.

中国航母可以在1200公里外起飞战斗机，然后在预警机的指挥下对敌方航母发起攻击。

Indian carriers, on the other hand, need to get their fighters off to fight from 600 km away, without the command of an early warning aircraft.

印度航母需要让己方的战机在 600 公里外作战，无需预警机的指挥。

That's no suspense in air combat.

如果双方遭遇，印度一方在空战中将毫无胜算的可能。

The Chinese fighters can spot the Indian carriers and fighters from far enough away via early warning aircraft, and then India can only rely on the radar of the MiG 29k to search for the Chinese fighters on its own.

中国战机可以通过预警机在足够远的地方发现印度航母和战机，然后印度只能依靠米格29k的雷达自行搜索中国战机。

中国航母

今天的航母争霸，表面上看是扩充军备，但背地里却是科技之争，大国博弈。相比较印度的买买买，中国走的是一条“科技强国”“科技强军”的坎坷之路。

2012年9月25日，辽宁舰航母正式交付我国海军，这是我国花费重金从外国购买的航母，从此中国海军结束了没有航母的尴尬时代。

为了研发属于自己的航空母舰，我国科研人员加班加点，日夜兼程，学技术搞探索，战士们冒着生命危险一次次试飞。终于在7年后，也就是2019年12月，迎来了国产的第一艘航母山东舰。自此，我国进入了“双航母”时代。

相较于辽宁舰，山东舰上配备了最新的技术，包括发电机组、综合电力系统、节能减排装置等，这些全都是我国科研人员一个脚印一个脚印打磨出来的。凭借着山东舰，我国终于赶上了国际一流造船水平。直到2022年，在万众期待中，迎来了福建舰003型航母的下水。这一次次的突破离不开无数研发人员忘我的工作。更是我国综合国力的体现。

反观印度方面，自第一艘航母起，便迷上了“买买买”的捷径。

上世纪50年代末，为了张扬自己的海军实力，印度花费巨资从前宗主英国那里购来了“大力神”号，这是一艘轻型航母，来到印度后，被改名为“维克兰特”号。（在印度语中寓意彻底击败敢同我挑战的人）。自此后，印度便成为了亚洲第一个拥有航母的国家。

但相较于中国的国产航母，印度买来的航母不仅贵，而且条件苛刻，从舰体的修复到航母的改装每年都是一笔天文数字。以至于印度曾一度沦为了航母界的笑柄。