古代的书童除了陪读，还有什么特殊的作用？

古代的书童除了陪读，还有什么特殊作用？

各位看官想必在电视剧中经常会看到一个情节，什么情节呢？一个文弱书生屁股后面永远都跟着一个看似憨憨的小书童。尤其是古代的富二代，官二代，身后的书童有的时候还不止一个，高俅原来就是苏轼的一个小书童。

这个时候估计有看官会问，那么，书童是干什么的呢？

书童大体上有6种职能：

第一种，帮书生整理家务，这种就相当于现在的保姆，以前贴身丫鬟。

第二种，帮书生整理书房，其作用跟一个下人一样高一点，最起码需要识字。

第三种，则是负责保护主人，这项职责不由得让人联想到很多看似憨厚，不起眼的小书童实则是深藏不漏的高手。此等故事情节，仔细想想，这类大多是大户人家的公子哥，为什么这样说呢？

高手如果是自家养的，从小培养便是一笔巨大开销，如若是江湖之人，那般傲骨怕是难屈服于一般书生。但是啊，我们也不能断言穷书生身边没有此类书童，人间变数繁多，不可妄下断言啊！

第四种，则是如同现在的公关，负责帮书生处理一些繁琐事，帮书生出谋划策。

第五种，则是陪读，这种就比较高级了，和书生一起学习，一起游山历水。古代各个帝王身边不就有这种书童吗？一起游山玩水，吟诗作对，一起学习，一起探讨，真的是美滋滋了！

第六种，便是满足书生的生理需求而来的，其实啊，在古代断袖也是比较盛行的，特别是许多大户人家的书生，家教严，不允许接近女色，所以，只能由清秀书童解决自己的生理需求。

那么，这是真的吗？

据记载，此制度在广东及毗邻福建盛行：

当男孩长到16岁左右时，常会认一位年龄稍大的未婚男子为契兄，经过一定仪式后，两人就像夫妻生活般同吃同睡，直到年长男子结婚。有些在其中一方或双方皆已娶妻的情况下仍然会维持关系，甚至超过三十岁还很恩爱。双方父母亦

互把对方的儿子当作女婿般看待，并且，会在对方儿子娶妻时负担部分费用。

直至晚清灭亡，“契兄弟”这种类婚姻形式才逐渐淡出了人们的视野。

接下来我们回归正题，为什么古代穷书生都有书童呢？

其实，这个问题不难想，大多数人知道书童的职责以后都会认为，书童不就好似一个保姆，一个贴身丫鬟吗？哪有人会傻乎乎免费给书生做事的，诶，还真别说，这种还真有，接下来让我给您一一道来。

就拿梁山伯跟书生四九的故事来说，梁山伯年幼丧父，母亲将他抚养长大。在古代，以男人为天的时代女人一个人活着便已经十分艰难，更何况还带一个“拖油瓶”，由此可见，梁山伯印证的穷书生之名。他身边一直跟着一个忠心耿耿的憨傻书童，四九，那么，问题来了，梁山伯没钱，是如何请得起书童的呢？其实这不难想。

一来，书童本是过着风餐露宿的生活，跟着书生只为吃上一口饭，有个可以栖身的地方，仅此而已，钱啥的估计都不重要了；

二来，四九也可能是梁山伯远方亲戚将四九送来让四九可以跟着学习。细想一下，在那种吃不饱穿不暖的生活里，有人肯给你饭给你住的地方，又可以学到知识，拿现在的话说真的是美滋滋了，别说收钱了，就算倒贴也是愿意的。再说，梁山伯与祝英台死后双方书童为他们守墓，由此可见，他们的书童对其是何等忠心耿耿。

此类例子还有许多，就拿诸葛亮来说，在诸葛亮还在山野里过着隐世当着“村夫”的时候，便有俩小书童跟着他，这里说明一下，村夫的生活是十分清贫的，当时，诸葛亮的经济方面想必可是一言难尽，但是，他的俩书童想必也是淡泊名利之人，十分衷心的跟着诸葛亮。

有书记载，这俩书童对诸葛亮非常崇拜，更有一书是这样写的“吾书童后来替吾守墓咯，真忠义也”，不难看出，诸葛亮虽然生活清贫，但是，凭借自身的人格魅力，吸引了俩小儿甘愿为其当一生的书童。所以，这也是为什么穷书生都会有书童的原因之一。

说到这里又有人会问，也不是所有的书生都如同诸葛亮一般，为什么还会有人愿意跟着此等穷书生呢？

可以说，书生在古代的地位是比较高的，对于古人来说读书可能是改变人生的唯一途径，据有关人士统计：

我们嘴里经常提到的穷秀才，酸秀才，社会地位拿到现在来说相当于的高材生，状元榜眼探花则相当于国级干部。由此可见，对于古代贫寒之人学习便是唯一的出路，读不起书怎么办？可以给书生陪读，一起学习，还管饭，这也是为什么这么多书童就算没有工资，也甘愿跟着书生当书童了吧？

What special role did ancient book boys play in addition to accompanying them? You watchers must often see a plot in TV dramas. What plot? A weak scholar will always be followed by a little bookboy who looks naive. In particular, in ancient times, there were more than one scholar boy behind the second generation of the rich and the second generation of the officials. Gao Qiu was originally a little scholar boy of Su Shi. At this time, it is estimated that some officials will ask, then, what does a bookboy do? The bookboy has basically six functions: the first is to help the scholar clean up the housework. This is equivalent to the current nanny and the former personal servant girl. The second is to help scholars tidy up their study. Its function is higher than that of a servant. At least, it needs to be literate. The third one is responsible for protecting the master. This responsibility can not help but remind people that many small schoolchildren who seem simple and honest and insignificant are actually masters who do not leak. When you think about the story, most of them are childe brothers of big families. Why do you say so? If an expert is raised by his own family, it will be a huge expense to cultivate him from childhood. If he is a Jianghu person, he will be too proud to yield to ordinary scholars. However, we can't say that there are no such book boys around poor scholars. There are many variables in the world, so we can't make a rash assertion! The fourth kind, like the present public relations, is responsible for helping scholars deal with some trivial matters and giving them advice. The fifth kind is to accompany students to read. This kind is more advanced. They study with scholars and travel around the mountains and rivers together. Aren't there such book boys around the ancient emperors? It's really fun to travel, recite poems, study and discuss together! The sixth is to meet the physiological needs of scholars. In fact, in ancient times, sleeve breaking was also popular, especially for many scholars from large families, who were strict in family education and were not allowed to approach women. Therefore, the only way to meet their physiological needs was to let the handsome schoolboys. So, is this true? According to records, this system prevails in Guangdong and neighboring Fujian: when a boy is about 16 years old, he often recognizes an older unmarried man as his brother. After a certain ceremony, the two people eat and sleep together like husband and wife until the older man gets married. Some of them will still maintain a relationship when one or both of them have married, and even love each other over the age of 30. Both parents also treat each other's son as a son-in-law, and will bear part of the expenses when the other son marries. Until the end of the late Qing Dynasty, the marriage form of "Qi brothers" gradually faded out of people's vision. Next, let's return to the topic. Why did poor scholars in ancient times have schoolboys? In fact, it's not difficult to think about this question. Most people will think that the book boy is like a nanny and a personal servant girl when they know his duties? How could anyone be stupid enough to work for a scholar for free? Oh, let's not say, it's true. Let me come with you next. Take the story of Liang Shanbo and scholar 49. Liang Shanbo lost his father when he was young, and his mother brought him up. In ancient times, it was very difficult for a woman to live alone in an era when men were the most important thing. Moreover, she also carried a "oil bottle". This shows that liangshanbo is a poor scholar. He has been accompanied by a loyal and foolish bookboy, 49. Then, the problem comes. Liang Shanbo has no money. How can he afford to hire a bookboy? In fact, this is not difficult to think about. First of all, the schoolboy lived a life of living in the open air. He followed the schoolboy to have a meal and a place to live. That's all. Money is not important; Second, 49 may also be sent by distant relatives of liangshanbo so that 49 can follow suit. Think about it carefully. In a life without enough food and clothing, if someone is willing to give you food and a place to live, you can learn knowledge. In today's words, it is really enjoyable. Let alone collect money, even if you are willing to paste it upside down. In addition, after the death of liangshanbo and Zhu Yingtai, the scholars of both sides guarded their tombs, which shows how loyal their scholars were to them. There are many other examples of this kind. Take Zhugeliang for example. When Zhugeliang was still living in seclusion in the mountains and acting as a "village man", two young schoolboys followed him. Here it is explained that the life of the village man was very poor. At that time, Zhugeliang's economic aspects must be hard to say. However, his two schoolboys must also be indifferent to fame and wealth, and they sincerely followed Zhugeliang. It is recorded that these two schoolboys adore Zhugeliang very much. Another book says that "my schoolboy later guarded my tomb for me. It is true that Zhugeliang was loyal and righteous". It is not difficult to see that although he lived in poverty, he attracted two schoolboys willing to be his schoolboy by virtue of his own personality charm. Therefore, this is one of the reasons why poor scholars have schoolboys. Speaking of this, some people will ask that not all scholars are like Zhugeliang. Why would anyone want to follow such poor scholars? It can be said that the status of scholars in ancient times was relatively high. For the ancients, reading might be the only way to change their lives. According to the statistics of relevant people: the poor scholars and sour scholars we often mention are now equivalent to the top students in social status, and the top scholars are equivalent to state-level cadres. This shows that learning is the only way out for the poor in ancient times. What if they can't afford to read? You can accompany scholars, study together, and take care of meals. That's why so many schoolchildren are willing to be schoolchildren with scholars even if they have no salary?

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