保密協議翻譯的注意事項與翻譯細節

保密協議是通過合同約定協議雙方保密義務的手段，違反保密協議需要承擔違約責任。保密協議應做到權責分明、義務清晰，才能成為無可爭議的保密措施。

單向保密協議VS.雙向保密協議VS.多向保密協議

保密協議分為三種，單向保密協議unilateral NDA（one-way NDA）、雙向協議bilateral NDA（a mutual NDA / a two-way NDA）以及多向協議multilateral NDA，因而保密協議中規定的義務可以是單向的，雙向的或者多向的，在擬定保密協議時要明確自身角色，自己究竟是信息披露方，還是信息接收方，還是說兼而有之，既負有保密之責，也希望對方能保守秘密。

保密信息披露的範圍

一般與對方公司簽訂保密信息，供對方公司內部人員使用，但是是不是對方公司所有人員都可以有機會接觸到保密信息呢？並不是。保密信息傳播是有範圍的，而且一定要體現在保密協議中。信息接收方的關聯公司、分支公司、融資公司、證監機構以及上述公司的部分員工都有可能包含在披露範圍之內。

此外一旦保密信息被披露，保密協議還要追究披露責任，責任的範圍和大小都是擬定合約期間討論的重點內容。一般而言，一旦某個員工未經許可進行信息披露，那保密協議會要求信息接收方對其高級職員、僱員及其他員工而造成的信息泄露負責。

保密協議期限保密協議翻譯

保密期限的長短是訂立合約時的另一重點。一份無限期的保密協議對於信息接收方來說肯定是不小的掣肘。商業秘密（trade secret）是指不為公眾所知悉，能為權利人帶來經濟利益、具有實用性並經權利人採取保密措施的技術信息和經營信息。

保密協議VS.競業協議

二者最直觀的區別是保密協議不讓說，競業協議不讓做。其次是競業協議限制了勞動之的就業，而保密協議沒有。一般而言，只要商業秘密存在，保密義務就存在。而競業協議限制時間較短，最長不超過兩年。

免責條款

除了保密協議規定的使用目的外，信息接收方通常會遇到來自法院、檢察院、政府、證券交易所等國家機關的指令，要求其披露保密信息，這個時候指令和保密協議就相悖了，信息接收方面臨賠償的風險。一般信息接收方會要求披露方給予免責。

轉讓條款

合同內信息披露方一般都會規定除非經書面同意，否則對方不得轉讓。信息接收方則希望不經對方同意就可以轉讓給關聯公司。

合理努力VS.最大努力

合理努力（Reasonable Endeavors）和最大努力（Best Endeavors）保持保密信息的保密性，側重為實現結果而付出的努力，不側重是否能實現某一特定結果。使用合理或者最大的限定，是因為所要達到的目的一般取決於第三方，無法保證自身能完全完成。

至於努力的程度，要看合同上下文和雙方意圖，以及當時的情況和可供履約方的選擇。盡最大努力一般認為是履約方如同為自己的利益和要去獲取結果的迫切程度那樣，採取所應當採取的一切步驟。當然這不代表忽略股東方的利益。

盡合理努力代表履約方在考慮商業利益和成功的可能性後，採取權衡措施。

下面是著文翻譯所翻譯過保密協議的摘選：

3 保密承諾與使用規約

3 Undertaking of Confidentiality and Restriction on Use

3.1 鑒於條款2對披露的規定，接收方同意將對保密信息與評估材料進行嚴格把守和保密，若無披露方事先書面同意，不得以任何方式披露、許可、交易、出版或泄露保密信息和評估材料，條款4規定情況除外。

3.1 In consideration of the disclosure referred to in Article 2 above, the Receiving Party agrees that the Confidential Information and the Evaluation Material shall be held and treated strictly in confidence and shall not be disclosed, licensed, traded, published or otherwise revealed in any manner whatsoever, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party except as provided in Article 4 below.

3.2 接收方（及其任何關聯企業）不得為了許可用途之外的目的使用或允許使用保密信息和/或評估材料。

3.2 The Receiving Party shall (and shall procure that any Affiliated Company shall) not use or permit the use of the Confidential Information and/or the Evaluation Material other than for the Permitted Purpose.

3.3 接收方（及根據條款4.1接收保密信息和、或評估材料的主體）須對其接收的所有保密信息及其副本、以及評估材料進行保護和保密（保護和保密的程度應不低於接收方和此類主體對待其自身保密信息的程度），不違反本協議披露任何保密信息或評估材料。

3.3 The Receiving Party shall (and shall procure that any Person that receives Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material pursuant to and in accordance with Article 4.1 hereof shall) keep any Confidential Information it receives and any copies thereof and any Evaluation Material secure and confidential (in a manner no less secure and confidential than Receiving Party and such Persons keep their respective confidential information) and to prevent the Confidential Information and any Evaluation Material from being disclosed in breach of this Agreement.

3.4 接收方同意並承諾不向任何人披露本協議的存在、可以獲得保密信息的事實、披露方和接收方或其關聯企業正在進行或已經完成的討論或談判，條款4規定的情況除外。

3.4 The Receiving Party agrees and undertakes not to disclose to anyone, except as provided for by Article 4 below, the existence of this Agreement, the fact that the Confidential Information has been made available or that discussions or negotiations are taking place or have taken place between Disclosing Party and Receiving Party or any Party’s Affiliated Companies.

3.5 無披露方事先書面同意，接收方不得以任何方式利用保密信息損害披露方在合同區的利益。

3.5 The Receiving Party shall not, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party, use the Confidential Information to circumvent the interest of the Disclosing Party in the Area in anyway.

3.6 本協議中接收方的保密義務和不使用義務從接收方接收保密信息開始。此外，不披露的義務不受接收方發起或針對接收方的破產、破產管理、分派、扣押、沒收程序影響，不受接收方的破產信託人拒絕接受GNPC與披露方和/或接收方之間協議的影響、也不受接收方進入破產保護程序或同等事件的影響。

3.6 The obligations of the Receiving Party for confidentiality and non-use as set forth in this Agreement shall commence from receipt of the Confidential Information by the Receiving Party. Further, the obligation not to disclose shall not be affected by bankruptcy, receivership, assignment, attachment or seizure procedures, whether initiated by or against the Receiving Party, nor by the rejection of any agreement between GNPC and Disclosing Party and/or Receiving Party, by a trustee of Receiving Party in bankruptcy, or by the Receiving Party as a debtor-in-possession or the equivalent of any of the foregoing.

4 允許披露與接收方的允許披露義務

4 Permitted Disclosure and Obligation of Receiving Party for Permitted Disclosures

在下列情況下，接收方可以不經披露方事先書面同意披露保密信息和/或評估材料：

The Receiving Party may disclose Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party:

4.1 對接收方具有管轄權的政府實體、監管實體或接收方或其關聯企業股票所在證券委員會或證券交易所的適用法律、命令、法令、法規或規定要求披露保密信息和/或評估材料。前提是接收方應在披露前以合理方式儘力儘快向披露方遞交書面通知；或

4.1 To the extent the Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material is required to be disclosed under applicable law, order, decree, regulation or rule of any governmental entity having jurisdiction over the Receiving Party, or any regulatory entity, securities commission or stock exchange on which the securities of the Receiving Party or any of its Affiliated Companies are listed or are to be listed, provided that the Receiving Party shall make all reasonable efforts to give prompt written notice to the Disclosing Party prior to such disclosure (including full details of the circumstances of such disclosure); or

4.2 出於知情需要或僅出於條款3.1之目的向以下實體披露：

4.2 To the following persons on a need to know basis and only for the purpose described in Article 3.1.

4.2.1 接收方的員工、高級員工、主管；

4.2.1 employees, officers and directors of the Receiving Party;

4.2.2 接收方關聯企業的員工、高級員工、主任；或：

4.2.2 employees, officers and directors of an Affiliated Company of the Receiving Party; or

4.2.3 接收方或其關聯企業的職業諮詢師或代理人；

4.2.3 any professional consultant or agent retained by the Receiving Party or its Affiliated Company;

在向條款4.2.2和4.2.3規定的實體進行披露之前，接收方應確保獲得此類實體的保密承諾，且不低於本協議標準；如此類實體為外部法律顧問，接收方只需保證該法律顧問受保密義務約束。

Prior to making any such disclosure to Persons under Articles 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 above, however, the Receiving Party shall obtain an undertaking of confidentiality, on terms no less stringent than contained in this Agreement, from each such Person; provided, however, that in the case of outside legal counsel, the Receiving Party shall only be required to procure that such legal counsel is bound by an obligation of confidentiality.

4.3 如條款4.2所述實體因故意或疏忽構成違約，接收方應對披露方負責，如同接收方自身違反本協議。一旦發現保密信息違約披露，接收方需立即通知披露方。接收方須以合理方式儘力確保條款4.2所述實體履行所披露的保密信息相關的保密義務。

4.3 The Receiving Party shall be responsible to the Disclosing Party for any act or omission of the entities and Persons described in Article 4.2 that would constitute breach of this Agreement as if the action or omission had been perpetrated by the Receiving Party and shall immediately notify the Disclosing Party upon becoming aware that Confidential Information has been disclosed in breach of this Agreement. The Receiving party shall use all reasonable endeavors to ensure that those persons or entities described in Articles 4.2 comply with the obligations of confidentiality under which the Confidential Information was disclosed to them.

6 保密信息的歸還

6 Return of Confidential Information

6.1 披露方可以在任何時候通過書面通知接收方的形式要求歸還保密信息。

6.1 Disclosing Party may demand the return of the Confidential Information at any time upon giving written notice to Receiving Party.

6.2 在收到6.1中所述的通知的三十（30）天之內，接收方應當不再保留任何保密信息的副本，但這應當遵循披露方的意願：

6.2 Within thirty (30) days of receipt of the notice referred to in Article 6.1, the Receiving Party shall retain no copies of the Confidential Information, but shall at the option of the Disclosing Party:

6.2.1 將所有原始的保密信息歸還給披露方；

6.2.1 Return all of the original Confidential Information to the Disclosing Party;

6.2.2 銷毀或刪除所有保密信息、任何保密信息相關的評估材料和/或由接收方披露的主體所持有的評估材料的副本（手寫版和電子版）。電子格式的保密信息或評估材料（包括基於6.3的所有電子備份文檔）也應當被刪除；並且

6.2.2 Destroy or delete or cause to be destroyed or deleted all copies and reproductions (both written and electronic) of Confidential Information and any Evaluation Material in its possession and/or in the possession of persons to whom it was disclosed by the Receiving Party. Confidential Information or Evaluation Material that is in electronic format (including all electronic back-up files - subject to Art 6.3) shall also be deleted; and

6.3 提供一份書面證明，由接收方的授權官員簽署，以證明接收方已經完全遵循了條款6.1的義務，條款6.1及其細則不適用於以下內容：

6.3 Provide a written certification, signed by an authorized officer of the Receiving Party, that Receiving Party has fully complied with its obligations under this Clause 6.1.The provisions of Article 6.1 and 6.1 do not apply to the following:

6.3.1 保存在接收方或主體（按條款4.1規定披露的）的電腦備份系統中的保密信息或評估材料，條件是保密信息或評估材料將會根據接收方或主體定時不間斷的記錄保存過程而被銷毀且保密信息在銷毀之前未被使用；

6.3.1 Confidential Information or Evaluation Material that is retained in the computer backup system of Receiving Party or a Person to whom it was disclosed under Article 4.1 if the Confidential Information or Evaluation Material will be destroyed in accordance with the regular ongoing records retention process of Receiving Party or such Person and if the Confidential Information is not used prior to its destruction;

6.3.2 必須根據適用的法律或規定（包括證券交易規定或政府指令、法令、規章或法規）保留的保密信息或評估材料；和

6.3.2 Confidential Information or Evaluation material that must be retained under applicable law or regulation, including by stock exchange regulations or by governmental order, decree, regulation or rule; and

6.3.3 任何含有源於保密協議或評估報告的數據、被展示給其執行董事會（或同等機構）且根據適用法律或文件保留政策被要求保留下來的企業文件或接收方的報告；

假設任何如此保留的保密信息和/或評估材料應當遵循本協議的條款。

6.3.3 Any corporate documents or reports of the Receiving Party which contain data derived from Confidential Information or Evaluation Material which were presented to its executive board (or the equivalent thereof) and are required in accordance with applicable law or its document retention policy to be retained;

provided that any Confidential Information and/or Evaluation Material that is so retained shall remain subject to the terms of this Agreement.

10 轉讓

10 Assignment

在獲得披露方書面同意之前，接收方不得全部轉讓或部分轉讓本協議中接收方的權利和義務。獲得披露方書面認可之前的任何接收方的嘗試轉讓都是無效的。在不受限於條款10之前的條款內的情況下，本協議應當符合雙方及其繼承者和許可轉讓人的利益。

The rights and obligations of the Receiving Party under this Agreement may not be assigned in whole or in part by the Receiving Party without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party. Any attempted assignment by Receiving Party without the prior written approval of Disclosing Party shall be void. Without limiting the prior provisions of this Article 10, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

14 不存在商業關係

14 No Business Relationship

14.1 雙方承認本協議不會創造代理關係或夥伴關係。

14.1 Both Parties acknowledge that this Agreement does not create a relationship of agency or partnership.

14.2 本協議中的任何內容都不得被視為雙方探討其他雙邊協議或禁止披露方和其他方討論其他協議的義務。

14.2 Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as an obligation of the Parties to enter into any other agreement between them or prohibit the Disclosing Party from entering into agreements with other parties.

16 修改

16 Modifications

任何有關本協議的修訂、改動或修改都是無效的，除非以書面形式提交同樣的內容且由雙方合適的授權代表完成簽署。

No amendments, changes or modifications to this Agreement shall be valid except if the same are in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of each of the Parties hereto.

17 可分割性

17 Severability

如果本協議中任何一項條款由有管轄權的法院宣布作廢或不能執行，那麼本協議中的其他條款將繼續保持全部效力，就如同作廢或不能執行的這一條款不曾存在於協議中一樣。

If any term of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining terms of this Agreement, will remain in full force and effect as if such invalid or unenforceable term had never been included.

19 對應執行

19 Counterpart Execution

本協議將會被對應執行，雙方的副本在所有意義上都應被視為一份完整的協議，前提是雙方在進行對應執行之前均不受本協議約束。為了將副本編寫進同一個文件，披露方被授權將簽名頁從其中的一份副本中取出，在接收方在這張紙上完成簽署後，將完成雙方簽署的簽名頁放回同一份副本中。

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts and each counterpart shall be deemed an original Agreement for all purposes; provided that neither Party shall be bound to this Agreement until both parties have executed a counterpart. For purposes of assembling the counterparts into one document, Disclosing Party is authorized to detach the signature page from one counterpart and, after signature thereof by Receiving Party, attach each signed signature page to a counterpart.

22 反賄賂/反貪污

22 Anti-Bribery/Anti-Corruption

雙方特此同意與本協議及其標的物相關，雙方應當在任何時候都遵循所有反賄賂和反貪污的適用法律、規範和準則，包括但不限於確保雙方和各自的代表不參與任何構成違反這些法律、規範和準則（可能時常修訂）的活動、實施或行為。

The Parties hereby agree that, in relation to this Agreement and the subject matter hereof, they shall at all times comply with all applicable law, regulations and codes relating to anti-bribery and anti-corruption, including but not limited to ensuring that each of the Parties and their respective representatives shall not engage in any activity, practice or conduct which would constitute an offence under any such laws, regulations or codes (as may be amended from time to time).