Arbitrary orders have been replaced by performance standards based on objectives and measurements.
個人武斷的命令已由根據目標和測評的要求而制定的業績標準所代替。
The greatest change perhaps — certainly the most visible — is in organization structure.
或許最大、也最明顯的挑戰是組織結構上的挑戰。
The old Ford Motor Company was rigidly centralized.
過去福特公司採取嚴格的中央集權式管理。
Not only was all power and decision in the hands of old Henry Ford; but there was only one set of figures for the whole, complex operation.
老福特不僅一手掌控了所有的權力，制定所有的數字，而且只用一套數字來反映公司整體複雜的經營狀況。
REFERENCE:
- arbitrary 武斷的
- order 命令
- replace 代替
- performance standards 業績標準
- based on 根據，基於
- objective 目標
- measurement 測評，度量
- perhaps 或許
- certainly 無疑，當然，確定
- visible 明顯的
- organization structure 組織結構
- Ford Motor Company 福特汽車公司
- rigidly 嚴格，古板，堅決
- centralize 中央集權
- not only…but 不僅…而且
- power 權力
- decision 決定，決策
- in the hands of 一手掌控
- one set of 一套，一組
- figure 數字
- whole 整體，整個
- complex 複雜的
- operation 經營，操作
本文內容來源參考書籍《管理的實踐》
The Practice of Management
Peter F. Drucker
* 本書為第一部從實際執行層面立論的管理學書籍，第一部兼顧管理現有企業和創新未來企業的著作
