text/photo Peninsula All-Media Reporter Gao Fang
On September 1, the Huang Bohai Sea ushered in the "Sea Opening Order", and the fishing ports offshore Qingdao returned to the busy and hustle and bustle, for a while, "thousands of sails competed for the current". Near Jiaozhou Bay and Chaolian Island, far to the Sino-Korea sea border and Zhoushan Fishing Farm, Qingdao's fishing boats and fish harvesting boats are rushing in the busiest harvest season.
Qingdao was born because of the sea and responded to the sea. As one of the early pioneers of my country's ocean fishery, Qingdao fishing boats went to the Gambian waters in West Africa to spread the first ocean fishing network in Shandong Province more than 20 years ago. With the development of ocean fishery, a group of fishermen seized the opportunity of changing times, and fish harvesting boats connected with ocean fishing boats emerged, becoming the intermediate link between ocean fishing and dock trading. "The Martial World" has risen on a whim. In the 1930s, there are many changes in the times and sea trading. The captains of the "leaders" leaned on their swords to travel to the world, relying on how to break through the vast sea level. Modern fisheries are developing rapidly, and the competition for fishing boats is becoming increasingly fierce. Who can seize the ticket to the next era? Let’s listen to the following text to slowly decompose it.
Three square cabins on the boat
filled with ice cubes and turned into refrigerator
At 12:00 on September 1, the fishing port terminal of Qingdao Shazikou National Center, which had been silent for four months, became lively again, with people, traffic and whistle beings. Rows of fishing boats were filled with five-star red flags, swaying bright colors against the blue sky. The crew were busy debugging the turbines, cleaning the hull, and storing supplies. Tankers and ice trucks shuttled and passed through the dock. The fishing port is about to usher in the first harvest after the opening of the sea, and the joyful smile and expectation are written on everyone's face. As early as September 2, the fishing boat will return with the first batch of fresh seafood.
fish boat on the sand mouth.
Shazikou National Central Fishing Port was identified as the first batch of national first-class fishing ports by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1992. The dock shoreline is 530 meters long and the annual design aquatic product trading volume can reach 80,000 to 100,000 tons. It is the fishing port with the largest unloading volume, the best wind shelter conditions, and the most moored fishing boats in the suburbs of Qingdao. Not only are fishing boats parked on the Shazikou wharf, but more than 60 fish harvesting boats. They do not participate in fishing, but only transport fish. They run farther than fishing boats. They often travel 100 nautical miles away, transporting the fish from the ocean-going fishing boat back to the dock and selling it to the aquatic chain on the dock.
fish harvesting boat on the pier of sand mouth.
Wang Maojian was one of the captains of the fish harvesting boat with more than 30 years of experience at sea. Two days before the sea opened, he and the boatmen were busy driving on the dock. Each fish collecting boat must be equipped with a basket of crabs, a box of fish, and oil and water. With the 18-ton ice cubes filled with the ice storage compartment, the fishing boat was basically ready, and everything was ready to go to sea at 12 noon.
"Come and see my 'buds', it's 36 meters long." Wang Mao saw the captain enthusiastically invite the reporter to visit his fishing boat.
Wang Maojian and his fish harvesting boat.
"This is the 'refrigerator' on the fishing boat. After the fish are collected, they can be covered with ice to ensure freshness." Three square cabins on the deck occupy half of the space. The fish collected from the ocean-going sea fishing boat are placed here. Adding ice to it is a "big refrigerator". There are also plastic baskets piled up to more than 1 meter high on the deck. "This is also a fish-filled basket. A plastic basket can hold 40 kilograms of fish." Captain Wang introduced as he walked that there are quite a lot of utensils for fish on the boat: plastic baskets are like the commonly used "storage boxes" in our homes, which are convenient for the regular storage of different fish. There are dozens of blue vats more than 1 meter high on one side of the deck, which are used to hold crabs.
Pack ice.
There are two rows of narrow "reservoirs" on both sides of the cabin. It uses ropes to tie plastic fish bags to long and narrow iron racks to form a "reservoirs", which is filled with water and some plastic baskets are floating. "This is for storing live seafood. Live fish, live shrimp, live crabs, live eight belts, etc. are all placed here. The small basket in the pool is for storing crabs, and the cage is for storing, live fish and live shrimps." It seems that the more aggressive crabs live in a single room to avoid affecting the survival of other seafood.
Captain Wang's ship is not big among the fish-receiving boats, it is considered a medium model. Such a boat can transport up to 150,000 kilograms of seafood back.
"Come on the way to see where we live," Captain Wang took the reporter into the cabin with a small space. There were several partitions in the two rows of the aisle, and only a small bed of more than 1 meter was placed in the partition. This was the crew's dormitory. The size of the space and the arrangement of the beds were a bit similar to that of the university dormitory. The reporter saw that some crew members carefully prepared small fans for themselves and clamped them on the head of the bed. The entire cabin is a little stuffy because it is not very space. "It's good to go to the ocean, and the cabin will be much cooler."
When you pass through the crew dormitory aisle, you will come to the kitchen. The cabin kitchen only has room to turn around, and the three stoves are all complete with steamers, woks and other stoves. "We couldn't wait to go out to sea after four months of free time. We collected the first batch of crabs and steamed them immediately to taste the bright taste of the first batch of crabs." Captain Wang said excitedly.
fish bags containing live seafood on the fish boat.
It was noon during the interview. Wang Mao saw four crew members on the boat sitting around the deck for dinner. A large pot of cabbage and pork stewed with vermicelli was steaming, exuding a seductive atmosphere. The crew each held a Wang Gezhuang big steamed bun in his hand and ate it with relish. When I saw the reporter, I warmly greeted me, "Let's have something to eat together." The deck kept laughing. In a harvest season like early autumn, everyone silently raised their hopeful sails in their hearts, riding the wind and waves to welcome the "fish full of fish" that year.
Receive the fish boat with the crab bucket.
The fish harvesting boat usually has to stay at sea for two or three days. If the harvest is good, it may be possible to return in one day. There are many fish, just load them and leave, and stay at sea for a short time. There are fewer fish, so you have to wait to collect more fish from the operating boats, which will take more time.
Half-ship Wind and Rain Half-ship Fish
There are endless thrilling stories to tell
After Wang Mao saw the captain visiting the first floor of the cabin, the reporter climbed up the narrow stairs to the captain's room. On one side of the cockpit, there were "multiple mechanisms" on the operating table, including collision avoidance instruments, radars, compass, etc., two walkie-talkies, as well as GPS and Beidou navigation systems. The signal of mobile phones at sea is not good. In order to ensure timely communication with the sea operation ship, the crew usually takes shifts, and the captain needs to keep a watch in the cab.
fish boat cab operation table.
"It is still dangerous for us to go to the far sea." Captain Wang told reporters that a large number of cargo ships enter and exit every day on Qingdao's main channel. The tonnage of these cargo ships is generally tens of thousands of tons or even hundreds of thousands of tons, and the speed is often above 10 knots. If a fishing boat accidentally enters these merchant ship channels, it is too late to stop urgently, and the ship is likely to be destroyed and people are killed.
The old saying goes, "I have three points to do my life when I try to run a horse in the sea", and the dangers and hardships of sea fishermen in all dynasties can be imagined. As modern iron boats gradually replaced traditional wooden boats, the driving equipment on the boats has also changed with the times. Typhoons at sea are no longer the biggest threat to fishing boats going to sea. Advanced meteorological monitoring can generally predict these typhoons so that fishing boats can avoid them in time. With the development of fishery, the increase in fishing boats and frequent sea activities, avoiding collisions between ships is the biggest potential danger facing fish collecting boats.
Sun Kefang, who has more than 30 years of experience going out to sea like Wang Maojian, is from Fengcheng, Jimo. He was an authentic fisherman and sold his 120-horsepower iron boat in the Jimo Sea 10 years ago and came to the fish-collecting boat at Shazikou to become the captain.
"If you want to talk about the risks at sea, it's really a matter of days or nights." After more than 30 years of strong winds and waves, the two captains have experienced many hardships and have been through them, but they can only pass by them in one sentence.
Sun Kefang is at the dock trading site.
Captain Sun Kefang recalled a relatively dangerous accident. One year after harvesting the mackerel, Sun Kefang was about to set off, but he didn't expect the broken fishing nets drifting at sea to entangle the propeller and shut down the engine. The working boat is nearby and has already gotten out of the net. The fish collecting boat must leave quickly. It cannot hinder the working boat from getting out of the net. If it is wrapped around the net, the mackerel will definitely not be able to get it.Near the working boat, the fish-collecting boat shuttles back and forth. The longer it stays, the more safety hazards it is. But once you wrap the fishing net, it is a very troublesome thing. If the wire is wrapped, it will be a dead knot. The fishing net is very strong. The crew can only use the lights on the boat and work for two hours. Using a homemade hook and sickle, they cut off the fishing net wrapped around the propeller and were able to leave safely.
"The setting sun has gathered all the smoke and green in the evening, and the fisherman sings the far ground." Every time the fishermen return from the sea with wind and rain, perhaps only after experiencing the strong wind and waves can they deeply experience the joy of harvest when they are full of fish and arrive at the fishing port.
It is not easy to be the leader of the brothers as
As the captain, that is the leader of the ship.
Each fish collecting boat needs to be equipped with six or seven crew members, except for the captain, there are several crew members. Every year when the sea capture season is approaching, Captain Sun Kefang has to go to the nearby labor market to recruit crew members. "The guys who followed me to go out to sea this year include Liaoning, Anhui, and Jiangsu... The crew I have brought are from all over the world, and there are people everywhere." People from different regions, different accents and different concepts gather on this small fishing boat. Whether people can do a good job is related to whether they can do a good job. The time to live on the boat is tight, and people's hearts are united, so that they can only transport the fish back every minute.
Sun Kefang's fishing boat returned home with a full load.
Is the team of children in the world easy to lead? "Discuss everything," Captain Sun Kefang said. The most important thing is to have a good attitude. "It is different from the older generation leading the team. You can't just think that they are boatmen and workers, just shout them." When you have free time, Captain Sun Kefang would sit with the crew, chatter and tell the guys about the boss's cost price. "Hurry a ship partner to earn 15,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan a month. After all the expenses, the boss will also pay when the harvest at sea is not good. It is not easy for everyone, so let's understand each other." After more than 30 years of captain, Sun Kefang led the team to be good at "attacking the heart first".
Different to Sun Kefang, Wang Mao didn't talk much in his daily life. When the reporter met Wang Mao at the dock, he was always busy working like a gyro next to the boat, helping the guys pull the anchor. After the ice truck arrived, he asked about the weight of the ice truck. The boatmen gathered around the dining table and started eating. He was still checking various equipment before going to sea. The guys greeted him for dinner. He agreed to "Eat first, you eat first", and then went to work on something else, a "master". Seeing that it was Rizhao people, Wang Mao could understand the difficulty of making a living in different places.
The "refrigerator" that collects fish on the boat.
"The boss gave you the boat. You must be worthy of your boss' trust and bring back the good harvest with your friends." Wang Maojian said that he had feelings for this business, and he had worked hard on this sea for the rest of his life.
The small fishing boat is also a "land of rivers and lakes". The leader must be loyal and humane in order to bring these brothers from all over the world well.
Marine transactions rely on cash
Walking in the world depends on character
The fishing boat leaves the port, and the river road on the sea sets off. What are the tricks in the world of the sea?
"The 'relationship' of fish harvesting is the most important thing. If you don't have anything to do, you don't even go out to sea." Wang Maojian said that the vast ocean is infinitely wide, but the circle is a small circle.
"Before I go to sea, I will contact several operating ships, and I will always follow up on the progress of the ship's catch in Shanghai. What are the fish caught on the ship and how much they have collected, the other party will vent to me in advance." With more than 30 years of roaming at sea, Captain Wang's connections in this sea area are his capital. The familiar working boat will leave him good and big fish. "The mobile phone has no signal in many places. Only cash is found on sea transactions. I brought 400,000 yuan in cash this time. If I receive more big fish, I can earn up to 80,000 to 100,000 yuan in one trip."
Wang Maojian is directing the preparations for the fishing boat.
"It is the most important thing to have relationships. If it doesn't matter, you can't make money. We call "can't make money" "can't receive fish"."Sun Kefang said that the increasing scarcity of marine resources and the gradual increase in fish transport ships have made the competition in this industry a bit tense.
Relationship is so important. Can only an old captain who has worked for decades hold such a connection?
"The most important thing in dealing with relationships is to look at character. "Captain Sun Kefang said, "For example, if you are the only one fishing boat next to it, you can't sell it anymore, but you can't raise the price by placing it on the ground and suppressing the price of others. The amount is as good as you can. "Honest and honest, you can't escape the truth at sea."
"I've been optimistic about the fish. Before the price has been negotiated, the operating boat will load it first." Sun Kefang said that loading the goods first and then giving money is the other party's great recognition and trust in you. If you don't bring enough money, you can also use credit. When you get the second trip back on the shore, you will make up for it. "Old Sun is fine." This is a sentence that the worker often says to Sun Kefang, which is enough to show his "status in the world".
Walking in the world, leaning against the sword to walk the world. The sword in the hands of the captains is "character". If ability determines how fast you go, and character determines how far you go.
chased the work boat and ran
harvested fish and sold fish many ways
At 5 a.m. on September 2, Captain Sun Kefang's fishing boat landed. After a day of fishing in Kaihaitou, he led two fishing boats to catch 20,000 kilograms of mackerel, 10,000 kilograms of knife fish and two or three thousand kilograms of pomfret. As soon as we arrived at the dock, many vendors were rushing to buy it, and boxes of fish were transported to the dock. Bargaining comes one after another, and it’s very lively around the fishing boat.
Sun Kefang's fishing boat unloads goods at the wharf.
"First take out the sea catching boat for a while, then take out the fishing boat. Just start catching, there are more fish in the nearshore and can catch good big fish. When the nearshore is almost done, go to the ocean catching boat to collect fish in a few days." Captain Sun Kefang has always carried a small notebook in his hand, which is densely remembering the price of the goods and shipment. After years of experience going out to sea, Captain Sun has a careful "abbreviation" in his mind. He sold the fish to the docks to collect fish, and if they couldn't be sold out at night, they would sell it to the cold storage, which would ensure that all the fish on the boat could be sold at a good price.
Mackerel belongs to the middle and upper migratory fish. In April every year, it migrates all the way north to prey in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay where sea water temperatures are suitable for growth. Due to different environments such as water temperature, these mackerel fish have also "turned" from southern mackerels to Qingdao local mackerels. In spring, the working boat usually takes about seven or eight kilograms of large mackerel in the waters outside Jeju Island in early April. Then the mackerel gradually migrates to the central part of the Yellow Sea. The working boat goes to the Chaolian Island waters to continue to hunt mackerel, and finally goes to the Chengshantou waters near Shidao to catch mackerel. During the autumn flood season, the route of fishing mackerel is just reversed. The operation boat will catch mackerel migrating from the Bohai Bay in the waters of Changdao Bay, then go to the Shidao Bay Fishery, and then go south to the Haizhou Bay Fishery outside Rizhao and Lianyungang. Finally, the mackerel will go to the central part of the Yellow Sea to overwinter, and the autumn flood season will end.
Every year, the working boat chases the fish, and the fish-collecting boat chases the working boat. Sun Kefang has long been familiar with where to find a working boat that can catch fish and is priced at the right price. "When I saw my boat coming back, everyone on the dock would shout: The mackerel boat is back." Everyone knows that no matter what the situation is at sea, Lao Sun has never missed.
Caring fish at sea for 30 years
Half of peers can hardly make money
The sea opens on September 1st, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is still the whole month. Can fishermen rest?
"The boat I brought has been on holiday for the Mid-Autumn Festival for the past eight years, but half of the fishing boats at Shazikou Fishing Port do not have holidays for the Mid-Autumn Festival." Captain Sun Kefang is in his 60s this year. After his sixties, Captain Sun has become more tolerant and content with the world. "Let everyone take a break and go home to celebrate the festival. In the past, the fishing moratorium was short, and the fishermen had to hurry to catch more fish, first come first served. Now the fishing moratorium has been added for a month, so everyone can take a breath."
"The fishing moratorium is not easy to dry." This is the most common sentence that reporters heard during an interview at the dock.Affected by the epidemic this spring, more than 60 fish-collecting boats moved on Shazikou Wharf, and the remaining 45 fish-collecting boats did not move. When starting a ship to go to sea, it is a day's cost, and oil and labor are both costs. "If the harvest of fish is not good, and going to sea will lose money, it is better not to move." This is the general consensus among the owners of the fish-collecting boat.
"Look at the fishing boats on this pier, half of the money earned, and more than 20% were basically the same, and more than 20% lost money. It is common for the boss to fire the captain when he was not doing well." Captain Sun pointed to the ship on the pier and sighed secretly, "Catching is on the autumn, and everyone has gone out to sea. You can't go out to sea for a year. Whether to make money depends on personal fortune."
Sun Kefang said that in the past, there were no equipment such as ice and oxygen addition on the ocean-going sea catching boats. When they caught fish, they had to sell them to the fishing boats to ensure the freshness of the fish during the transaction. Nowadays, the equipment on the ocean-going sea catching ships is becoming more and more advanced, and the equipment such as ice and oxygen are also complete. The operating ships are not in a hurry to take advantage of the sea catching. Moreover, the information is so developed now that many aquatic products trading links are directly connected to ocean sea fishing vessels, which saves the intermediate trading links of fish harvesting vessels and also puts fish harvesting vessels under a lot of survival pressure.
Optimal
Who can seize the ticket to the next era?
Li Zhilin, an expert in fishery history in Qingdao and honorary director of the Fishing Island Memory Museum, introduced that in the past, the traditional marine fishery industry was only fishing boats. After the reform and opening up, with the development of my country's ocean fishing industry, some fishermen saw business opportunities, seized the opportunity, and switched to the intermediate link of maritime transaction transportation, and the sea fishing boats appeared, which has a history of more than 30 years. In this industrial chain, offshore fishing boats do not collect fish, and fishing boats do not collect fish, and everyone has a very clear division of labor. Compared with offshore fishing, fish harvesting has a small work intensity and earns a lot. It was once a pioneer case of fishermen's transformation.
As the weight of the fish harvesting boat gradually increases, its "body" is gradually increasing, generally much larger than the offshore fishing boat. The equipment on the fish-collecting boat is also gradually improving. From the beginning, it is necessary to transport fish, and gradually improve the functions of aquatic products that can be processed on the boat.
However, no industry is everlasting. Times are changing with each passing day, the increasingly scarce of marine resources, the high exchange of information society, and the periphery of technological competition, there is no room for survival without innovation. Who can stand at the forefront in this ocean "jianghu"? Only by seizing opportunities and following the trend can we seize the ticket to the next era.
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