During the Ming Dynasty, the emperors of the Zhu family were not very interested in the ocean. Not only did the Penghu Inspection Department be abolished in the middle, but the people were also not allowed to go to the sea without permission.
At this time, it was in the era of great navigation in the West, and European colonists seized colonies everywhere.
During this period, the rising star of the great voyage, the sea coachman Dutch seized the opportunity of the Ming Dynasty not caring about Taiwan and became a colonist of Taiwan.
In fact, the first western countries to discover Taiwan and is not Dutch , but Portuguese.
After occupying Macau, the Portuguese first discovered Taiwan on the trade route with Japan. They thought it was quite beautiful and shouted " Formosa ", (Formosa 2, the island of beauty). This name became the name Western colonists called Taiwan for a long time.
The first to log in to Taiwan for surveying and mapping was not the Dutch. is Spanish . Spain later occupied northern Taiwan , and took Keelung as the base and was in the north and south section of Taiwan with the Dutch.
As for the Dutch, they actually wanted to occupy Macau at first, but were taken advantage of by the Portuguese, so they had to go to Taiwan.
1.
Spain was the first to see the importance of Taiwan's position. In 1619, Spanish Dominican priest Bartolomé Martinez pointed out that Taiwan's strategic position can be compared with Macau in China.
The Spanish first went to the island to survey and occupy it several years later than the Dutch. Moreover, they were not in good condition in Keelung, and they could not be self-sufficient in economic terms. In addition, their country's economic depression and their national strength was on a downward trend, so they simply withdrew from Taiwan.
The Dutch occupied Macau but failed to find the second best. 622, the Battle of Macau took place, and the Dutch attacked Macau, but Portugal had been in Macau for a long time, and the Dutch had never done , so they had to find a new stronghold.
After the Dutch had not settled Macau, they did not expect to stay in Taiwan's main island, but wanted to settle Penghu . The reason is very simple. Trading with China is their ultimate goal, and naturally the closer they are to mainland China, the better.
So why did you want to grab Macau at the beginning? Because Macau is the closest base to the mainland. If you really can't get it later, it's naturally because Penghu is more convenient to get closer to mainland China than Taiwan Island .
So under the leadership of the commander , the Dutch built a base in , under the leadership of the commander , the city of Penghu Fenggukou.
Honormal wind hood ruins
But in the Ming Dynasty, he was just not interested in the ocean, which does not mean that he has no combat effectiveness like the late Qing Dynasty. Zheng He , in the past, he drove around in a fleet, which was a manifestation of his strength.
Fujian Governor Shang Zhou Zuo Tell the Dutch that there were large numbers of Han people . I don’t like you group of red-haired ghosts very much, so I want them to get out quickly.
Dutch people didn't listen, so the next Fujian Governor Nanjuyi is more direct, if you don't roll, just hit.
Nanjuyi designed to lead the fleet of Dutch general Franszun to Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, and invited him to go ashore to sign a trade agreement. In the middle of the night, he attacked the Dutch ship with a fire ship and killed 8 Dutch people. Franszun and others were taken to Beijing to execute him.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty was much tougher than the late Qing Dynasty. It offended the territory of the Han Dynasty and was punished far and near.
Fengkou tail position
However, the Ming Dynasty had a fatal weakness, corruption, especially in local areas, and the collusion between officials and businessmen was serious. For example, in Macau, do you think the Ming Dynasty could not defeat Portugal? He was a local official from Guangdong who collected the Portuguese money, and the result of corruption.
At that time, Macau was not a colony, but a leased place . It was not a forced rent. It was a behavior of turning a blind eye to the Ming Dynasty.
So the Dutch felt that they could not beat it and learn from the Portuguese. They found a businessman named Li Dan .
Li Dan was the largest maritime trade smuggler at that time. He lived in Japan and was both business and thief. He was from Japan to the coast of China, and even to Philippines . He was a man at sea, good at collusion between officials and businessmen, and was very familiar with the officialdom in Fujian and Japan. He would come to him for many things that could not be solved.
Li Dan put forward the opinion of "The Dutch withdraws from Penghu Islands , but the Fujian authorities should allow the Dutch to trade in Taiwan Island" .
The governor of Fujian thought about it. Taiwan is also far away and the communication is blocked. Lao Zhu even withdrew the Penghu Inspection Department. He should not care about that place. So he agreed to this opinion because of the white filial piety money.
Then signed the "Ming-Dutch Peace Agreement" with the Netherlands, which clarified that the Dutch could develop and manage in Taiwan.
In fact, from this decision, we can see that the Ming Dynasty did not completely treat Taiwan as a place outside, otherwise the Dutch would not have to consult with the Fujian Governor to go to Taiwan Island.
From this perspective, Taiwan is a bit like Macau and can be occupied, but it requires the government's consent. This land is not a land without a border. You must give filial piety money and say hello.
Private maritime merchants can actually intervene in major national affairs, which shows the serious collusion between local officials and businessmen in the Ming Dynasty. This is how Macau is lost, and Taiwan is also how it is. Since then, Taiwan has entered the Dutch rule for 38 years.
2.
1624, the Dutch officially landed in and occupied Taiwan, and first built a Relan Chacheng as the first stronghold. The first chief was Marty Songk, Martinus Sonck
The first problem faced by the Dutch in Taiwan was also the most troublesome problem for the Chinese regime to cross the sea in Taiwan before, how to deal with the indigenous people.
The indigenous people of Taiwan are not just the alpine tribe tribe. In fact, when the Chinese government made ethnic identification at the beginning of the founding of New China, due to cross-strait isolation, it was impossible to effectively identify the Taiwan ethnic minority , and then collectively called the alpine tribe.
Taiwanese indigenous people have several characteristics. One is that they are numerous and diverse. The small Taiwan island, which is subdivided, actually has more than a dozen ethnic minorities, and many of them have different origins, different languages, and are not affiliated with each other.
2 is very primitive and very tough. Many tribes see strangers and say nothing, let’s cut off first. Including the Japanese behind them, they did not get any advantage from the Taiwanese indigenous people when they occupied Taiwan.
The Dutch used three methods to manage the indigenous people, namely "Huairu", "Weapon Fright", and "Slave"
After the Dutch went to the island, the first thing they came into contact with was the Silaya Village Club in the Pingpu tribe . The tribe used to often contact the outside world and was particularly friendly to people from outside. Often traded with people outside and obtained weapons to attack other tribes on their islands.
So I saw the Dutch on the island, and the Siraya Village Club Coke got along, and I immediately came to get close to it, especially the Xingang Club under . The Dutch were also smart and exchanged 15 pieces of cotton for the land use rights of Xingang Club, which made a good deal.
The Dutch adopted a typical sympathy for the Xingang Club of Silaya Village.
Sila women portrait
However, there is another group called Pingpu people called Madou Club , which is particularly hated by the Xingang Club and is also particularly close to the Japanese, and often joins the remnants of Japanese pirates to harass the Dutch.
11629, the pirate three-legged old man appeared in the area of Madou Club. The Dutch chief then sent more than 60 soldiers to search. On the way, he had to pass a stream. The Madou Club people took the initiative to carry guns and cross the river for the Dutch. The Dutch soldiers were not suspected of being cheated. When they walked to the center of the river, the Madou Club people who were ambushing the shore rushed out in one fell swoop, and all the soldiers were annihilated. Under the order of the fourth chief Hans Putmans, the Dutch launched a punitive attack on Madou Society, dispatched 230 armed forces to attack Madou Society's stronghold, and set fire to force Madou Society representatives to come for negotiations, and then signed a ceasefire agreement. At the end of November 1635, Putmans led 500 people to join forces with Xingang Society to attack Madou Society, burning the Madou Society's nest, which damaged Madou Society's vitality. Finally, under the fierceness of the Dutch, he surrendered obediently and signed a signing of the "Madou Agreement".
After the signing of the "Madou Agreement", other surrounding villages and communities also knew the power of the Dutch and came to surrender.
The Dutch unified these tribes in western Taiwan and demanded that ethnic groups not be allowed to "private battles" and could only participate in "public wars".
The Netherlands then joined forces with these tribes to open up the central channel in Taiwan and attacked the villages and communities in the central region of Big Belly Kingdom .
The Big Belly Kingdom is the "inter-ethnic quasi-kingdom" , established by the indigenous tribes of Taiwan in the mid-16th century. It is regarded as the most powerful branch of Taiwan.
The Dutch sent troops to attack the Big Belly Kingdom twice; after losing 13 tribes, the "Belly King" could only sign a contract to express obedience under the Dutch's military fright.
In addition to being kind and fierce, the Dutch also used "Slave ". The slavery of Westerners is actually very simple, just preaching, allowing the indigenous people to believe in Christianity and accept Western religions, and thus achieving the purpose of cultural rule.
In June 1627, the first German pastor, Continius, came to Taiwan and began his missionary mission by translating the important chapters of " Bible " in New Hong Kong language.
Three years later, another pastor, Eunus, came to Taiwan and stayed for 14 years as the missionary who stayed the longest. The first school was opened in Xingang Club, where both male and female students were included. The teaching content was mainly about learning basic courses and Christian teachings, and teaching Roman alphabets.
and jointly proposed with Continuus, hoping to send several Newport youths to study in the Netherlands, train them to become missionaries, and then return to Taiwan to serve.
Pastor Eunus
During the colonization process, Western colonists often had one pistol and one hand Bible. Do not believe in God, and do not see God. The barbarity is intertwined with hypocrisy. Behind
is a Japanese anthropologist named Yinengjiaju. He proposed the classification system of Taiwanese indigenous people for the first time, and divided the "transformed" people with contact with the Dutch into Pingpu people, and those who were not "transformed" by the Dutch into the Gaoshan people.
. There is no such distinction in the ethnic identification of New China, and it is collectively called the Gaoshan tribe. According to the later division of Taiwan authorities, more were divided.
3.
After the Dutch occupied Taiwan, they used two-sided techniques in their trade with China. Sometimes they learned from the Portuguese to assist China in destroying pirates, but sometimes they cooperated with pirates and threatened China with force.
is like the West today, and there is no fixed principle for Taiwan. It is just to regard Taiwan as a pawn and protect its own interests in the Asia-Pacific region is the highest principle.
The Dutch did not rule in Taiwan for long, it has something to do with the two people. After Li Dan's umbrella of the Dutch, he participated in the translation of the mediation of the negotiations between the Dutch and the Fujian Governor, Zheng Zhilong , inheriting Li Dan's maritime power group.
The Dutch began to win over Zheng Zhilong, signed a three-year trade contract with Zheng Zhilong, and joined forces to eliminate Zheng Zhilong's biggest maritime rival Li Kuiqi. However, the Dutch played double-faced again and did not want to be completely controlled by Zheng Zhilong, so he joined forces to fight him with other maritime merchants.
Zheng Zhilong came to fire. In Kinmen, Luowan, he defeated other maritime merchants who opposed him with the Dutch. The Dutch had no choice but to talk, and Zheng Zhilong became the person in this sea area since then.
1644 Qing troops entered the pass. Two years later, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, but was taken hostage to Beijing. The Dutch thought he could breathe a sigh of relief from now on.
Unexpectedly, Zheng Zhilong's son Zheng Chenggong quickly integrated the power of the Zheng family, and took Kinmen and Xiamen as the base to control cross-strait trade.
is more cruel than his father. He thought Taiwan was good, so he simply used Taiwan as a base to build a country and become a sea emperor. So he went to the island to drive away the Dutch people directly.
1 On February 1, 662, Zheng Chenggong conquered the city of Jelanzha, the Netherlands, and Zheng and He signed a peace agreement. 16 days later, the Dutch left Taiwan on 8 large ships with their families and property, ending their 38-year rule over Taiwan.
Taiwan has since ushered in the period of the country's surname. After Zheng Chenggong's death, he went to his grandson Zheng Kezhen and finally surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi then set up Taiwan Prefecture , which was the first time that it truly established an administrative agency on Taiwan Island for jurisdiction. Taiwan was finally officially incorporated into China's territory.
Reference books:
"Misunderstood as History of Taiwan" Luo Fenmei
