Prime Minister, Prime Minister, Prime Minister generally refers to the highest chief executive below the emperor. It has a history of about 1600 years from the establishment of the Qin Dynasty to the abolition of Zhu Yuanzhang. The prime ministers in all dynasties are the dominant powers of a country other than the emperor. It can be said that the country is as strong as the prime minister has the patience.
There have been many powerful dynasties and countries in ancient my country. In which names did these dynasties and countries flourish?
Li Si (approximately 284 BC-208 BC), the Li family, the name Si, the word Tonggu. Warring States was a native of Shangcai in the late Chu Kingdom (now Lisilou Village, Lugang Township, Shangcai County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province). Famous statesman, writer and calligrapher in Qin Dynasty. Li Si was a county official in his early years, and later learned the art of emperor from Xunzi, and then entered the Qin Dynasty. At first he was regarded as a man by Lu Buwei. After persuading the Qin king to rule out the princes and become the emperor, he was appointed as a long history. The king of Qin adopted his strategy and sent counselors to lobby the six kingdoms of Guandong with gold and jade. In the tenth year of Emperor Qin's administration (237 years ago), due to the Korean spy Zheng Guo entered Qin, the Qin king ordered the expulsion of the six kingdoms. Li Si's "Book of Admonishment" was blocked, and was adopted by the King of Qin, and soon he became a Tingwei. It played a major role in the cause of the Qin king to destroy the six countries. After Qin unified the world, he negotiated with Wang Wan and Feng Jie to respect Qin Wangzheng as the emperor, and formulated relevant etiquette systems. Appointed as prime minister. He suggested that the walls of counties and counties should be demolished, and civilian weapons should be destroyed; opposed to enfeoffment system and insisted on county system; he also advocated burning folk collections of "Poems" and "Books" and other hundred schools of language, prohibiting private learning in order to strengthen Centralized rule. It also participated in the formulation of laws to unify the system of vehicle track, text, and weights and measures. The implementation of Li Si's political views has had a profound impact on China and the world, and laid the basic structure of China's political system for more than two thousand years. After Qin Shihuang died, he conspired with Zhao Gao ,Forging the edict, the first emperor of was forced to commit suicide by Fusu, the eldest son of Huhai was the second emperor. Later, he was jealous of Zhao Gao. In the second year of Qin II (208 years ago), he was cut in the downtown area of Xianyang and joined the Yi tribe.
Xiao He
Xiao He (257 BC-193 BC), Han nationality, Peifeng person, early Qin Pei county official _span 11, assistant of Qin Pei county in early years, Shi Bang _span at the end of Qin 14" Xiao Xiangguo". After conquering Xianyang, he received the laws and books collected by Prime Minister Qin and Yu Shifu, and mastered the country's dangerous mountains and rivers, counties and counties, and played an important role in formulating policies and winning the Chu-Han War in the future. During the Chu-Han War, he stayed at Guanzhong , making Guanzhong a solid rear of the Han army, and continuously transporting soldiers and salaries to support the battle. This played an important role in Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu and the establishment of the Han Dynasty. Xiao He adopted the Six Laws of the Qin Dynasty and re-established the system of laws and regulations as the "Nine Chapters of Laws." In terms of legal thought, he advocates inaction and prefers the technique of Huang Lao. In the eleventh year of the Han Dynasty (196 BC), he assisted Liu Bang to eliminate , Han Xin, , Yingbu and other princes and kings with different surnames. After Liu Bang died, he assisted Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Hui (193 years ago), Xin Wei died in July, and the posthumous title was "Wen Zhonghou".
Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang (181-234 October 8th), word Kong Ming Fu (Yalong, Xu Han) People from Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province,During the Three Kingdoms period, he was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, an outstanding statesman, military strategist, essayist, calligrapher, and inventor. He was named as Wuxiang Hou when he was alive. After his death, he pursued the posthumous post of Zhong Wuhou. The Eastern Jin regime named him as Wuxing King because of his military ability. His masterpieces of prose include "Appearance of a Teacher", "Book of Commandments" and so on. He invented the wooden ox, Liuma, Kongming lanterns, etc., and transformed the Liannu, called Zhuge Liannu, which can be developed with every arrow. In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), he passed away in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji). Liu Chan pursued his posthumous title as Zhongwuhou, so later generations would often call him Zhugeliang as Wuhou and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang devoted all his life to death, and was a representative figure of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture.
Wang Meng
Wang Meng (325-375), Wei Jinglue, in the southeast of Shandong Province, Fang Yi County (Wei) Famous politicians and military strategists in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, from officials to prime ministers and generals of the former Qin Dynasty. Wang Meng was born in poverty, lived in seclusion in the mountains, and sold dustpan . He is erudite and good at reading military books, good at strategy and use of soldiers. In the tenth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (354), the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Huanwen entered the military pass. Wang Meng went to talk about the situation in the world. He pointedly pointed out that Huanwen Northern Expedition only wanted to increase his personal prestige, but he had no ambition to regain the lost ground in Guanlong. He refused Huan Wen's offer and met Fu Jian at first sight. On the major event of abolition and prosperity, it fits very well. Fu Jian ascended the throne and served as the secretary of the Zhongshu. He was promoted five times in a year, from official to prime minister, superintendent of the book, Shangshuling, and Feng Qinghe County, becoming Fu Jian's main assistant. Wang Meng served eighteen years in the pre-Qin Dynasty, comprehensively integrating Confucianism and legalism, selecting honesty, pragmatic results, and outstanding political achievements. Resist the political power of Di and Qiang, purge the government of officials, and strengthen the centralization of power. Ren Shiping ordered to ban Le Haoqiang by clear law. For Jing Zhaoyin , he insisted on law enforcement in the capital area. In the past few ten days, more than 20 people were punished for lawlessness.In the military aspect, in the 6th year of Jianyuan of the Qin Dynasty (370 years), the commander eliminated Qianyan, stayed in Ye, and made a major contribution to the unification of the north. Election of talents and simplification of law and lenient administration will enable Yanmin to settle down in his own business. Economically, they were advised to teach farming, open up the mountains, build water conservancy projects, and improve farming. As a result, fields were opened up and warehouses were enriched. During his time in power, "Guan Long Qing Yan, the people are happy", presenting a well-off scene. He died in June in the eleventh year of Jianyuan (375 years) at the age of 51. Before Wang Meng died, the powerful chieftains of various ethnic groups in the Qin Dynasty were worried. Taking the Eastern Jin Dynasty as the location of Zhengshuo, he persuaded Fu Jian not to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but it was not adopted, so Feishui was defeated. Wang Meng assisted Fu Jian to sweep the roosts and unify the north, and he was called "the first person to conquer Zhuge."
Xie An
Xie An (320-385 October 12), the word Anshi. Chen Jun Yangxia (now Taikang, Henan). Eastern Jin politician and celebrity, Taichang Xie Bao third son, Zhenxi general Xie Shang younger brother. Xie Anshao is well-known for talking, and at first he repeatedly resigned and lived in seclusion in Dongshan, Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture. He traveled with Wang Xizhi, Xu Xun and others, and educates the children of the Xie family. After all the members of the Xie family in the dynasty passed away, he made a comeback and served successively in the positions of General Sima, Prefect of Wu Xing, Servant, Shangshu of the Officials, and Central Protector. After the death of Emperor Jianwen, Xie An and Wang Tanzhi defeated Huan Wen's intention to usurp the throne. After Huan Wen died, he assisted with Wang Biaozhi and others. In the Battle of Feishui, Xie An, as the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, defeated the millions of former Qin troops with 80,000 troops, and won decades of quiet peace for the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the war, he was jealous of Emperor Xiaowu because of his prosperous fame and was forced to go to Guangling to avoid disaster. Taiyuan died of illness in ten years (385 years), at the age of sixty-six, as a gift to the Taifu, Luling county father,Posthumous title "Wenjing". Xie An is versatile, good book, and good at music. He has a leisurely, elegant and gentle temperament, is fair and decisive in handling matters, does not have authority to establish selfishness, does not take credit for arrogance, and has a prime minister's temperament. He governed the country with Confucianism and Taoism complementing each other; as a noble family, he was able to take into account the overall situation and subordinate the interests of the Xie family to the interests of the Jin family. Wang Jian called him the "Jiang Zuo Fengliu Prime Minister." Zhang Shunhui praised him as "a generous and courageous politician in Chinese history."
Fang Xuanling
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span0p Xuanling (579-August 18, 648), named Qiao with the word Xuanling, lived with the word, was born in Qizhou in the early Tang Dynasty and was the son of Fang Yanqian. When Fang Xuanling was 18 years old, he was promoted to be a jinshi in the prefecture and was awarded a lieutenant. After Fang Xuanling voted for Qin King Li Shimin at Weibei , she made suggestions for Li Shimin, the secretary of the Dianguan, was one of Li Shimin's powerful advisers. In the nine years of Wude, he participated in the Xuanwumen transformation , and was the first with Du Ruhui , Changsun Wuji , Yuchi Jingde, and Hou Junji . Tang Taizong After Li Shimin ascended the throne, Fang Xuanling became the commander of Zhongshu; in February of the third year of Zhenguan, he was Shangshu Zuopu shot; in the eleventh year of Zhenguan, he was awarded and Liang Guogong; affairs of state. On July 24, Guimao Day of the 22nd Year of Zhenguan, Fang Xuanling died of illness, posthumous posthumous title Wenzhao. In the third year of Yonghui, the second son of Xuanling and his wife Gaoyang princess were accused of rebellion, the beloved was executed, the princess gave himself to death, and the sons were sent to exile to Lingbiao. Xuanling's son Yizhi was also affected and demoted to Tonglingwei. Fang Xuanling's share with Taimiao was also stopped.Because Fang Xuanling was good at planning, and Du Ruhui was decisive, he was called "Fang Mou Dujue". Later generations regarded him and Du Ruhui as models of good looks, collectively referred to as "Fang and Du". " New Tang Book" The biography of Fang is "Xuanling is in charge of the country, and he is diligent and strong in the night. He is exhausted and does not want to lose one thing. There is no jealousy, and you can hear people who are good. If you have it yourself. Govern the officials, and the fate is decorated with elegance, discussing the law and dealing with orders, and be forgiving. Do not look to others for long time, take others without seeking preparations, even if you are humble, you can do everything you can. Be vigilant and look at nothing." Zhao Pu
Zhao Pu (922-992), the word is flat, Youzhou Songyang, the famous _span14 politician, was born in Luo. Xiande In the first month of the seventh year (960), and Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chen Qiao mutiny , with a yellow robe added to Zhao Kuangyin's body, overthrew the second week, and established Song Dynasty . In the second year of Gande (964), he served as prime minister, assisted Taizu in planning to capture the vassal, dismissed the military power of the lieutenant generals, implemented the reform of the law, reformed the official system, and formulated many major measures such as defending the border and defending the Liaoning. In July 992, he passed away due to illness and was named King Zhending, awarded the posthumous title "Zhongxian", authored and written the eighth-character Shinto monument to him. In the first year of Hampyeong (998), the title was named Korean king . In the following year, Zhaopu was equipped with Taizu Temple. Although Zhao Pu reads little, he likes "The Analects" and says that "half of the Analects governs the world". It had a great influence on later generations and became a famous saying for governing the country with Confucianism.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (December 18, 1021-May 21, 1086),The character Jiefu, named Banshan, is a Han nationality, from Linchuan (now Linchuan District, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi), a famous thinker, politician, writer, and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi successively served as a judge in Yangzhou, a magistrate in Yin County, and a judge in Shuzhou, with remarkable political achievements. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as to participate in the political affairs of . Due to opposition from the old school, Xining stopped the prime minister in the seventh year (1074). One year later, Song Shenzong was used again, and then retired to Jiangning . Yuanyou In the first year (1086), the conservatives gained power and the new laws were all abolished. Yu Ran died of illness in Zhongshan (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and presented him as a gift. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he won the posthumous title of "Wen", so he was called Wang Wengong. The revolutionary teacher Lenin once called Wang Anshi "the reformer of the 11th century in China." The reason why Wang Anshi was able to dare to act and to reform was dominated by his progressive philosophical thinking. He believed that everything in the world is composed of the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire, and earth. He also regarded "elimination of the new" as the development of nature. The law of change has thus established the fearless spirit of "the sky changes without fear, the ancestors are insufficient law, and the human words are not enough to empathize".
Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236-January 9, 1283), the first name Yun Sun, the word Song Rui, a good character. Dao No. Floating Dao Ren, Wenshan . A native of Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now Futian Town, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province), Southern Song late politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan minister, national hero, and named together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie As the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty". In the four years of Baoyou (1256), he was the first in Jinshi. The first year of Kaiqing (1259),Supplementary accredited Chengshi Lang and signed Judge Ning Haijun. In April of the 6th year of Xianchun (1270), he was appointed as the Superintendent of Military Equipment and the Academy of Quanzhi Academy. He was dismissed from office because he drafted the edict with satirical words like Taoism. In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army moved east along the Yangtze River. Wen Tianxiang spent his wealth for military resources and recruited 50,000 soldiers to guard Lin'an. Xuan is the ambassador of West Zhejiang and Jiangdong and also knows Pingjiang Mansion. The generals were sent to help Changzhou, but because the Huai general Zhang Quan failed to save him, he retreated to Yuhang. He was appointed Prime Minister You and Secret Envoy of the Privy Council, and was ordered to go to the Yuan army to negotiate a peace. He was detained for reprimanding the Prime Minister of Yuan Boyan, and was escorted to return on the way to the north. In May, in Fuzhou, with Zhang Shijie, the minister of courtesy Lu Xiufu, right prime minister Chen Yizhong and other supporting King Zhao was the emperor, and he established a strategy to take the Haidao Beifu Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Chen Yizhong blocked him and went to Southern Jianzhou. (Today Nanping, Fujian) gathered troops to resist Yuan. In May of the second year of Jingyan (1277), he attacked Jiangxi again, and finally retreated to Guangdong alone due to circumstances. In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). The following year, Zhang Hongfan, the Marshal of the Mongolian and Han forces of the Yuan Dynasty, escorted him to Yashan (now south of Xinhui) and ordered Zhang Shijie to be recruited. Wen Tianxiang refused, and wrote the poem "Crossing Lingding Dingyang" in order to express his aspirations. He was later dismissed to Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), Yuan Shizu Kublai personally persuaded him to surrender, and Xu Yizhong served as prime minister. Wen Tianxiang is awe-inspiring, he would rather die than surrender. On the ninth day of December in the 19th year of Yuanzhiyuan (January 9, 1283), he died in Dadu. 47 years old all year round. He is the author of "Wenshan Poetry Collection", "Guide Record", "Guide Post Record", "Song of Righteous Qi" and so on.
Tuo Tuo
Tu Tuo (1314-1356 January 10), also used as Toktor, Tuo Tuo Timur, Miliqishi , Mongolian Mier begs, a politician and military strategist in the late Yuan Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Tong in the Yuan Dynasty (1334), Ren Tongzhi Xuanzhengyuan , moved to the Central Political Envoy, Tongzhi Privy Council, Yushi Doctor, Zhongshu Youyou Prime Minister. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1340), the tenth month of the lunar calendar was retired as the prime minister of the Chinese book and the right, and the old administration of Boyan was greatly changed.Rehabilitation examinations. In the third year of Zhengzheng (namely 1343), Tuotuo edited "Liao History", " Song History " and "Gold History", and served as the president of the capital. In the seventh lunar month of the ninth year (1349), he reappeared as the prime minister of Zhongshu Zuo, and in April of the lunar calendar in the tenth year of Zhengzheng (1350), Tutuo was appointed as the prime minister of the Zhongshu right, and issued a new banknote "Zhiquan Banknote" ", and sent jalu to control the Yellow River. They have achieved outstanding results and won the hearts and minds of flood victims, and they have been praised as "sages". In the eleventh year of Zhengzheng (1351), the Yellow River migrant workers' uprising was repaired and the Red Turban Army was suppressed. In the fifteenth year of Zhizheng (1355), he was dismissed and sent into exile in Yunnan. In the 22nd year of Zhengzheng (1362), Zhaoxue was reinstated.
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